РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТЬ АНКЕТНОГО СКРИНИНГА ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СРЕДИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, ПОДВЕРГШИХСЯ РАДИАЦИОННОМУ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ ПРИ АВАРИИ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОМ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИИ «МАЯК»

Today, the incidence of tumors in the most part of the territory of the Chelyabinsk region, exposed to radiation influence after the accident at «Mayak» in 1957 (Argayashsky, Kunashaksky, Krasnoarmejsky, Kaslinsky, Sosnowsky areas and Kyshtym), is lower than the average value for the Chelyabinsk region in total. Screening for cancer using questionnaire method allows detecting not only early, but late stage of tumors, as well as creating awareness of «practically healthy» population about the symptoms of cancer.Сегодня заболеваемость опухолями в большей части территорий Челябинской области, подвергшихся радиационному воздействию после аварии на ПО «Маяк» в 1957 г. (Аргаяшский, Кунашакский, Красноармейский, Каслинский, Cосновский районы и г. Кыштым), ниже, чем в среднем по области.Онкоскрининг анкетным методом позволяет выявлять не только ранние, но и поздние стадии опухолей, а также повышать информированность «практически здорового» населения о симптомах онкологических заболеваний

Peculiarities of the electronic transport in topological materials of Bi2Se3 and MoxW1-xTe2 (x = 0; 0.5; 1)

The electrical resistivity of thin films of a topological insulator of Bi2Se3 with a thickness of 10 nm to 75 nm, single crystal of Bi2Se3 with thickness of 0.65 mm and single crystals of topological Weyl semimetals MoxW1-xTe2 (x = 0; 0.5; 1) in the temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K was measured. A size effect in the electrical conductivity of Bi2Se3 films was observed, i.e. linear dependence of the conductivity of the film on its reciprocal thickness. It is suggested the existence of two different conduction channels in the Mo0.5W0.5Te2 compound. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 17-52-52008Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationАААА-А18-118020290104-2This work was partly supported by the state assignment of Ministry of High Education and Science of Russia (theme “Spin” No. АААА-А18-118020290104-2), by the RFBR (project No. 17-52-52008) and by the Government of the Russian Federation (state contract No. 02.A03.21.0006)

Patient examination rooms provide an efficient organizational technology of rendering public disease-prevention services at the primary health care level, to enable early diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies (the case of the Chelyabinsk region)

Primary and secondary prevention and early diagnosis activities play an important role in prevention and diagnosis of cancers and pre-malignant conditions. In the first instance, these activities can be implemented at the level of primary health care facilities located within easy reach of local residents. Magnitude of screening activities within the primary care setting, assessment of performance under existing programs and development of new innovative programs — all these factors provide one of the most efficient and long-run cancer-management tools for both the Chelyabinsk region and other major Russian regions.Основная роль по предупреждению и выявлению рака и предраковых заболеваний отводится как первичной, так и вторичной профилактике, и ранней диагностике. Эти направления могут быть реализованы прежде всего, на уровне первичного звена здравоохранения, которое максимально приближено к проживающим на его территории гражданам. Масштабность проводимых скрининговых мероприятий на уровне первичного звена здравоохранения, анализ результативности существующих программ и разработка новых, инновационных, - является одним из эффективных и долгосрочных инструментов управления онкологической ситуацией не только в Челябинской области, но и в других крупных регионах страны

Результаты многокомпонентного лечения пациентов с прогрессированием первичных глиом головного мозга

The aim of this study was to determine the most effective approach to the treatment of patients with continuous growth of brain glioma.Material and Methods. The study included 200 patients with progression of primary brain glioma, who were treated at the Chelyabinsk Regional Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine in the period from 2001 to 2021. The average age of patients was 47.86 ± 11.47 years. The ratio of men to women was 1:1. The continuous growth of high-grade glioma was detected in 125 cases. The progression of lowgrade glioma was observed in 40 patients. Transformation of low-grade glioma into high-grade glioma was found in 35 patients. Re-surgery was performed in 92 patients. Repeated radiation therapy was given to 140 patients. Chemotherapy as the method of choice was administered to 60 patients.Results. The median overall survival (OS) time was 36 months. The 1and 2-year survival rates were 96.0 % and 59.4 %, respectively. The method-specific overall survival time was 15 months. There was a tendency towards an increase in OS in all subgroups of patients who underwent re-surgery. The highest method-specific overall survival rates were observed in patients who received stereotactic radiation therapy (STRT) and combined photon-neutron therapy (CPNT): 23 and 47 months in patients with high-grade glioma and 60 and 72 months in patients with continuous growth of low-grade glioma, respectively (p>0.05). In patients with the transformation of low-grade glioma into high-grade glioma, the method-specific OS was higher in patients who received combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy compared to those who received chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone: 32, 12, and 24 months, respectively (p>0.05).Conclusion. Repeated surgery is the optimal treatment approach for patients with continuous growth of primary brain glioma. In cases with repeated radiotherapy courses, CPNT or STRT can be the methods of choice. Treatment of patients with transformation of low-grade gliomas into high-grade gliomas should include repeated course of chemoradiotherapy.Цель исследования ‒ определение наиболее эффективного подхода к лечению пациентов с продолженным ростом глиом головного мозга.Материал и методы. В исследование включено 200 пациентов с прогрессированием первичных глиом головного мозга, которым в период с 2001 по 2021 г. проведено лечение на базе ГАУЗ «ЧОКЦО и ЯМ». Средний возраст – 47,86 ± 11,47 года. Соотношение мужчин и женщин – 1:1. В 125 случаях диагностирован продолженный рост глиом высокой степени злокачественности, у 40 больных отмечено прогрессирование глиом низкой степени злокачественности, у 35 пациентов зафиксирована трансформация глиом низкой степени злокачественности в высокозлокачественные глиомы. Реоперация была проведена у 92 пациентов. Повторная лучевая терапия выполнена 140 пациентам. У 60 пациентов методом выбора явилась химиотерапия.Результаты. Медиана общей выживаемости (ОВ) составила 36 мес, показатели 1-летней ОВ – 96,0 %; 2-летней – 59,4 %. Метод-специфическая общая выживаемость – 15 мес. Отмечена тенденция к увеличению показателей ОВ у повторно прооперированных больных во всех подгруппах. При оценке влияния вида лучевой терапии наиболее высокие показатели метод-специфической ОВ отмечены при проведении стереотаксической лучевой терапии (СТЛТ) и сочетанной фотонно-нейтронной терапии (СФНТ 23 и 47 мес, р>0,05) – в подгруппе глиом высокой степени злокачественности, а у больных с продолженным ростом глиом головного мозга низкой степени злокачественности (60 и 72 мес, р>0,05). У пациентов с трансформацией низкозлокачественных глиом в высокозлокачественные метод-специфическая ОВ была выше при проведении химиолучевой терапии по сравнению с пациентами, которые получили химиотерапию или лучевую терапию в самостоятельном варианте – 32, 12 и 24 мес соответственно (p>0,05).Заключение. Оптимальным подходом к лечению больных с продолженным ростом первичных глиальных опухолей головного мозга является повторная операция. Методом выбора при повторном курсе лучевой терапии могут быть СФНТ или СТЛТ. Лечение пациентов с трансформацией глиом низкой степени злокачественности в высокозлокачественные глиомы должно включать повторные курсы химиолучевой терапии

Electronic transport features of MoTe2caused by quenching

The electro- and magnetoresistivity of MoTe2 single crystals before and after quenching were measured at temperatures from 1.8 to 300 K and in magnetic fields of up to 9 T. It was demonstrated that quenching can lead to strong changes in values of the electro-and magneresistivity studied as well as in their temperature and field dependences. The peculiarities of these electronic transport characteristics changes were studied in detail. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin”, No. АААА-А18-118020290104-2), supported in part by RFBR (Project No. 17-52-52008) and the Government of Russian Federation (Decree No. 211, Contract No. 02.A03.21.0006)

Peculiarities of the electro- And magnetoresistivity of WTe2and MoTe2single crystals before and after quenching

WTe2 and MoTe2 single crystals were grown, some of them were quenched, and the following properties were studied: electroresistivity in the temperature range from 1.8 to 300 K, magnetoresistivity at temperatures from 1.8 to 300 K in magnetic fields of up to 9 T. On the one hand, quenching leads to dramatic changes in the behaviour and value of the electroresistivity of MoTe2; the type of the electroresistivity changes from "semiconductor"to "metallic", and the electroresistivity values of MoTe2 before and after quenching differ by 8 orders of magnitude (!) at low temperatures. On the other hand, quenching is shown not to lead to significant changes in the behaviour and value of the electroresistivity of WTe2. A relatively small increase in the electroresistivity of quenched WTe2 at low temperatures can be associated with the scattering of current carriers by structural defects. The magnetoresistivity of MoTe2 increases from 7 to 16% in a field of 9 T at a temperature of 12 K as a result of quenching. The magnetoresistivity of WTe2 is shown to reach ∼1700% in a field of 9 T at 2 K. The behaviour of the magnetoresistivity of non-quenched samples is typical for compensated conductors with a closed Fermi surface. © 2021 Author(s).The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin”, No. AAAA-A18-118020290104-2), supported in part by RFBR (Project No. 20-32-90069) and the Government of the Russian Federation (Decree No. 211, Contract No. 02.A03.21.0006)

Features of the electroresistivity, magnetic and galvanomagnetic characteristics in Co2MeSi Heusler alloys

The electro- and magneto-transport as well as magnetic properties of Co2MeSi (Me = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Heusler alloys were studied. The electroresistivity was measured from 4.2 to 300 K, the galvanomagnetic properties (magnetoresistivity and Hall effect) were measured at T = 4.2 K in magnetic fields of up to 100 kOe, and the magnetization at T = 4.2 and 300 K in fields of up to 70 kOe. The normal and anomalous Hall coefficients, saturation magnetization, residual resistivity, current carrier concentration, coefficients at linear contributions into the electroresistivity and magnetoresistivity were obtained. It was shown that on the one hand, there is quite clear correlation between the electronic and magnetic characteristics of Heusler alloys studied, and the spin polarization coefficients of current carriers, taken from well know literature data, on the other hand. The obtained results can be used for creation of new materials for spintronics. © 2021 Author(s).The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin” No. AAAA-A18-118020290104-2), was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Projects Nos. 18-02-00739 and 20-32-90065) and by the Government of the Russian Federation (decision No. 211, contract No. 02.A03.21.0006)

Electrical and optical properties of a PtSn 4 single crystal

A topological semimetal PtSn4 single crystal was grown by method of crystallization from a solution in a melt. Then the electrical resistivity and galvanomagnetic properties (magnetoresistivity and the Hall effect) were studied in the temperature range from 4.2 to 80 K and in magnetic fields up to 100 kOe. The optical measurements were carried out at room temperature. The residual resistivity is shown to be low enough and amount to ∼ 0.5 μOhm•cm. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity has a metallic type, increasing monotonically with temperature. A sufficiently large magnetoresistance of 750% is observed. The majority carriers are supposed to be holes with a concentration of ∼ 6.8•10 21 cm -3 and mobility of ∼ 1950 cm 2 /Vs at T = 4.2 K as a result of the Hall effect studies. The optical properties of PtSn 4 have features characteristic of "bad" metals. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.This work was partly supported by the state assignment of Russia (theme “Spin” No. АААА-А18-18020290104-2 and theme “Electron” No. АААА-А18-118020190098-5), by the RFBR (project No.17-52-52008) and by the Government of the Russian Federation (state contract No. 02.A03.21.0006)

The analysis of physical, genetic and psychological methods of musculoskeletal system injuries prevention in elite athletes

The article reviews the existing methods of injury prevention in sport currently used in Russia and abroad. The article analyzes therapeutic exercises for injury prevention programs and the possible mechanisms of their action. The authors studied the perspectives of prophylactic exercises for injury prevention. The article presents genetic methods for musculoskeletal system injury prevention. The article raises issues of predisposition to various sports depending on the genotype. In addition, the article describes the psychological aspects of the sport injury prevention, in particular, international experience of the injury psycho-prevention in top-level sports