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SandΕΎak: 1941-1943
Π£ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Ρ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
, Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, Π²ΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° Π‘Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°/Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ Π Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ Π³Π΅ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ β ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ»Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π·Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° βΠ’ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ°β ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΆΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π¨ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·. ΠΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π° Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎ Π‘Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΡΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ°ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ Π‘Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΡΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π₯ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ»Π±Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π°, Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°. Π’ΠΎ ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ· Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ Π±Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠ½Π°, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡΡ, Π±ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ±, Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅, Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ Π Π°ΡΠ°.This paper analyzes social, political, military and economic affairs in the territory of Sandzak/Old Ras in the course of Italian occupation on the basis of archive material stored in Serbia and abroad, periodicals, narratives, diaries and memoirs as well as domestic and foreign scientific literature. Due to its geostrategic position, this region was of a great significance. It was the place where the imperialist interests intertwined with the special interests of not only the countries responsible for the breakup of Yugoslavia - Germany and Italy but also their satellites such as Independent State of Croatia and Great Albania. Germany paid significantly more attention to the Districts of Dezevo, Stavica and Sjenica since it was interested in exploitation of Trepca Mine. On the other hand, Italy was trying to make a way into the Danube River Basin through Sandzak and thus secure the Balkan occupational chain stretching from Slovenia to Greece. Due to these military and political plans, special interests of Croats and Albanians, massively supported by Sandzak Muslims, did not have real chances for success. However, the actions of quisling formations within Old Ras proved to be equally detrimental to the local people of both confessions as well as the activities of Italian and German occupier. They made the religious tensions existing between Christians and Muslims for centuries worse, thus sparking mutual hatred to the ultimate limits. The previously mentioned together with the final touch of Italian colonial policy pushed the entire region into hopeless mass slaughters, burning and killing of predominantly civilian population. The last but not less important aspect of daily life in this significantly stagnant area in terms of economy and social affairs was the ideological civil war led within Serbian ethnic group. Loyal to the completely opposing state-building programs, communists and royalists commenced a devastating conflict fraught with events and processes which, as it appears, forever changed the region of Old Ras politically and economically