Zajednički utjecaj pasmine, rednog broja i mjeseca laktacije te utjecaja jedinke na sastav masnih kiselina mliječne masti

The aim of the study was to explain the effects of four animal factors - breed, parity, cow individuality (within breed phenotypic variation) and month of lactation on the composition of bovine milk fatty acids (FA) in a local dual-purpose Czech Fleckvieh breed as compared to the worldwide dairy Holstein breed. In total, 357 milk samples were analysed from 25 dairy cows of each breed during year-round testing. The variation in the individual FA was affected mainly by cows´ individuality (16-48) and month of lactation (3-18 %). The effects of breed and parity were limited (each about 2%). The animal related factors appeared significant also for FA groups. Greater differences in the explained variation of all factors were observed in the groups classified by the number of FA carbons (35.8, 54.4 and 44.8 % for C4 to C14, C16 and C18 to C24, respectively) and by the number of double bounds (45.4 % and 39.2 % for monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, respectively) as well. No differences in the explained variation were observed between the groups of saturated and unsaturated FA (46.8% and 45.9 %, respectively). In conclusion, from the viewpoint of nutrition it would be more convenient to classify FA by the number of carbons than by the usual grouping to saturated/unsaturated FA.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je objasniti utjecaj četiri čimbenika - pasmine, broja laktacije, utjecaja jedinke (fenotipska varijacija unutar pasmine) i mjeseca laktacije na sastav masnih kiselina (MK) u mliječnoj masti kravljeg mlijeka. Lokalna češka pasmina Fleckvieh uspoređivana je sa svjetski poznatom pasminom holstein. Ukupno je analizirano 357 uzoraka mlijeka prikupljenih tijekom jedne godine od 25 mliječnih krava svake pasmine. Varijacije sastava masnih kiselina uglavnom su bile pod utjecajem jedinke (16-48 %) i mjeseca laktacije (3-18 %), dok je utjecaj pasmine bio ograničen (oko 2 %). Faktori vezani za životinje također su se pokazali statistički značajnim za sastav MK. Značajnije razlike u varijaciji svih čimbenika utvrđene su u odnosu na broj ugljikovih atoma u MK (35,8, 54,4 i 44,8 % za C4 do C14, C16, C18 i C24) te u odnosu na broj dvostrukih veza (45,4 % jednostruko nezasićene i 39,2 % višestruko nezasićene MK). Pri tom nisu utvrđene značajnije razlike u sastavu zasićenih i nezasićenih MK (46,8 %, odnosno 45,9 %) između ispitivanih pasmina krava. Zaključno, s nutritivne točke gledišta bilo bi prikladnije MK klasificirati prema broju ugljikovih atoma, a ne prema dosad uvriježenoj podjeli prema zasićenosti/nezasićenosti

LIME: A New Membrane Raft-associated Adaptor Protein Involved in CD4 and CD8 Coreceptor Signaling

Lymphocyte membrane rafts contain molecules critical for immunoreceptor signaling. Here, we report identification of a new raft-associated adaptor protein LIME (Lck-interacting molecule) expressed predominantly in T lymphocytes. LIME becomes tyrosine phosphorylated after cross-linking of the CD4 or CD8 coreceptors. Phospho-LIME associates with the Src family kinase Lck and its negative regulator, Csk. Ectopic expression of LIME in Jurkat T cells results in an increase of Csk in lipid rafts, increased phosphorylation of Lck and higher Ca2+ response to CD3 stimulation. Thus, LIME appears to be involved in regulation of T cell activation by coreceptors

Non–T Cell Activation Linker (NTAL): A Transmembrane Adaptor Protein Involved in Immunoreceptor Signaling

A key molecule necessary for activation of T lymphocytes through their antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) is the transmembrane adaptor protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells). Upon TCR engagement, LAT becomes rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated and then serves as a scaffold organizing a multicomponent complex that is indispensable for induction of further downstream steps of the signaling cascade. Here we describe the identification and preliminary characterization of a novel transmembrane adaptor protein that is structurally and evolutionarily related to LAT and is expressed in B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, and mast cells but not in resting T lymphocytes. This novel transmembrane adaptor protein, termed NTAL (non–T cell activation linker) is the product of a previously identified WBSCR5 gene of so far unknown function. NTAL becomes rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated upon cross-linking of the B cell receptor (BCR) or of high-affinity Fcγ- and Fcɛ-receptors of myeloid cells and then associates with the cytoplasmic signaling molecules Grb2, Sos1, Gab1, and c-Cbl. NTAL expressed in the LAT-deficient T cell line J.CaM2.5 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and rescues activation of Erk1/2 and minimal transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium level upon TCR/CD3 cross-linking. Thus, NTAL appears to be a structural and possibly also functional homologue of LAT in non–T cells

Signal Generators - Laboratory Stand Realization

Import 29/09/2010Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem a realizací laboratorního modelu generátoru signálů. Laboratorní model bude sloužit při výuce analogových elektronických obvodů. Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí. V první části je popsáno rozdělení a principy generátorů signálů. Druhá část se zabývá samotným návrhem a realizací laboratorní modelu. V závěru bakalářské práce jsou uvedeny výsledky praktického ověření realizovaného generátoru, přílohy pro zhotovení a oživení následných laboratorních modelů, průvodní dokumentace a zadání protokolu.The bachelor thesis deals with design and implementation of a laboratory model of generator signals. Laboratory model will be used for teaching analog electronic circuits. The work is divided into two parts. In the first part describes the principles of division and signal generators. The second part deals with the actual design, and implementation of a laboratory model. The end of the dissertation are the results for the practical verification realized generator, attachments for construction and subsequent recovery in laboratory models, accompanying documentation and assignment protocol.Prezenční448 - Katedra elektronikyvýborn

Realization of Microprocesor Control One and Three Phase Thyristor Rectifier

Import 11/07/2012Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem a konstrukcí jednofázového a třífázového řízeného usměrňovače. Tento měnič bude sloužit především k výuce, praktickému měření a ověřování principů řízených usměrňovačů. Práce je rozdělena do tří částí. První část je určena k teoretickému popisu měniče. Ve druhé části je popsána simulace, návrh a dimenzování komponentů výkonového měniče. Třetí část se zabývá samotnou konstrukcí řízeného usměrňovače. V závěru diplomové práce jsou uvedeny výsledky simulací, přílohy a průvodní dokumentace řízeného usměrňovače.This thesis describes the design and construction of one phase and three phase controlled rectifier. The power converter will be used primarily for teaching, practicing the principles of measurement and verification of controlled rectifiers. The work is divided into three parts. The first part is intended for theoretical description of the power converter. In the second part describes the simulation, design and dimensioning of components of the power converters. The third part deals with the actual construction of a controlled rectifier. In conclusion, the thesis presents the results of simulations, attachments and accompanying documents controlled rectifier.430 - Katedra elektronikyvýborn

Petrarca tra letteratura e potere politico

Petrarch between Literature and Political Power Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) was not only an outstanding poet and scholar of his age, but also an interesting example of a public intellectual ante litteram, at least he appears to be so from the writings he left to posterity. His works in Latin, in particular, provide a strong critical commentary on the political issues of his time and about civilisation and history in general. Petrarch loved to live close to the centers of power and to maintain good relationships with influential political personalities; nevertheless, he managed to avoid getting involved in practical political activity or being recruited as a secretary or courtier. Despite not being of noble birth, he succeeded in being accepted into the most prestigious social circles and, at the same time, maintained sufficient independence and freedom to dedicate his time to literature. In his works he tried to impose ancient Rome as a social model and Roman heroes as exemplars of individual qualities; he also tried to convince the political powers (especially the Italian maritime republics and the Roman Emperor) to re-establish Italian dominance, to as great an extent as possible, within the borders of the Roman Empire. Petrarch sought to quell the violence of Italian political life and restore the papacy to Rome, with the aim of opposing French power in Europe

Objektivizace ekonomických výsledků regionálních energetik v národním hospodářství ČR

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Ekonomická fakulta. Katedra (154) financ

Matematyczno-fizyczne modele oraz wykorzystanie sieci neuronowych do prognozowania czasu ochładzania próbek o zróznicowanych wymiarach

The method exploits sufficient similarity between cooling down curves of individual specimens from the same material but when specimens vary in geometric shape. Time scale altering for individual specimens leads from practical point of view to coincidence of all curves with so called “general curve” for given material which is calculated from measured values by means of statistic methods. This operation can be denoted as a definition of time transformation coefficient ( TTC ) (for known specimens). If an artificial neural network learns itself to assign time transformation coefficient to known dimensions of specimens, it is then with sufficient accuracy able to determine time transformation coefficient even for specimens with different shapes, for which it has not been learnt. By backward time transformation is then possible to predict probable time course of the cooling down curve and accordingly also the moment of accomplishment of given temperature. To obtain more general results, when above mentioned exploration of TCC, coupling with the numerical solutions of partial differential equations of the heat fields together with their initial and boundary conditions solutions can be used. The initial conditions in the most cases are unique or they can be with the sufficient precision determined, whereas the boundary conditions of heat transfer equations are usually wary hard to set. So some potential methods of boundary conditions determining and some difficulties by their time behavior settings can be illustrated, too. The advantages of both methods can be mixed and sufficient speedy and accuracy solution may be got.Zaprezentowana metoda wykorzystuje podobienstwo pomiedzy krzywymi chłodzenia dla próbek z tego samego materiału, rózniacych sie cechami geometrycznymi. Dopasowanie skali czasu dla poszczególnych próbek prowadzi do zbieznosci z tzw. „ogólna krzywa” dla danego materiału, która mozna wyznaczyc metodami statystycznymi. Ta operacja jest okreslana jako definiowanie współczynnika przekształcenia czasu TTC dla próbek o okreslonych kształtach (wymiarach), to bedzie mozliwe wyznaczenie z wystarczajaca dokładnoscia współczynnika TTC dla próbek o odmiennych kształtach (wymiarach). Umozliwi to, poprzez przekształcenie odwrotne czasu, przewidywanie prawdopodobnego przebiegu krzywej chłodzenia, a takze czasu osiagniecia zadanej temperatury. W celu osiagniecia bardziej ogólnych wyników wspomniana wczesniej metoda TTC połaczono z analiza numeryczna czastkowych równan rózniczkowych opisujacych pole temperatury z uwzglednieniem warunków poczatkowych i brzegowych. Warunki poczatkowe w wiekszosci przypadków sa jednoznacznie okreslone lub moga byc okreslone z zadawalajaca dokładnoscia, natomiast warunki brzegowe wymiany ciepła sa zwykle trudne do ustalenia. Przedstawione zostały wybrane metody okreslenia warunków brzegowych oraz trudnosci zwiazane z okresleniem charakterystyk czasowych. Zalety obu metod moga byc łaczone w celu osiagniecia zadawalajacej szybkosci i dokładnosci rozwiazania