An effective database management of the urban underground facilities and topographic information

In developed countries the most accurate and reliable spatial data (M 1:500–1:1000) are extensively used. The same spatial object could be inscribed into separate systems: utilities companies have some systems, municipality collected catalogues of CAD data, separately developed real estate map. The same spatial objects are repeated and reiterated, unreasonable costs are incurred for their storage, the customers find it complicated to determine and select the best and appropriate spatial data required just for their own needs. This article suggests the solution of the problem. Authors have introduced the idea to compose and develop information system specialized for topography and infrastructure subsequently to be merged and coordinated. The model for data storage, data provision to the customers and service activities is defined. The available electronic services for the spatial data are described as advantageous for implementation on topographic maps, for inspection and monitoring of construction projects, for the issue of permits of excavation works and for the other activities

An analysis of the equipotential surface waves of the Earth’s gravity field

A detailed analysis is performed on the influence that the celestial bodies have on the equipotential surface of the Earth’s gravity field. The necessary background is developed in order to progress a new more intelligent methodology of estimating the influence that the celestial bodies have on the geodetic measurements. Previous studies demonstrate that this impact strongly depends on the elasticity of the solid Earth. It is also unequal on different equipotential surface waves. Some results of current investigations are presented, which demonstrate the waves of the Earth’s gravity field influenced by the celestial bodies. The assessment of changes in an equipotential surface is required when reducing the measurement data into a common coordinate system of a definite epoch

Generating the open space 3D model based on LiDAR data

An open space could be defined as a space, which is restricted by a surface, that is generated over the physical Earth‘s surface, natural and artificial objects, and in which the distances between its objects are less than given critical tolerance. In other words, we have in mind the moving objects of certain dimensions, which could freely move in such an open space. The technological peculiarities of an open space 3D model generation are analysed. In general, the two sources of data were suggested to apply: the raw LiDAR data and the orthophotomaps. The method for generating an open space surface is presented too. An open space 3D model of the experimental territory was generated. The data of single orthophotomap on a scale of 1:10000 was applied. LiDAR and orthophotomap data is for the year 2009

Some issues regarding the calibration of the terrestrial laser scanner Leica Scanstation C10

Some issues regarding the calibration results pertaining to the ground-based laser scanner Leica Scanstation C10 are presented and analysed. The calibration was carried out at Kyviškės Calibration Baseline (Jokela et al. 2002) and the special cyclic error detection baseline at the Research Institute of Geodesy of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The instrument was calibrated at 20, 100, 180, 200 and 260 m distances at Kyviškės Calibration Baseline and the indoors baseline from 1 to 15 m with continuous 1 m interval. The special procedure of indirect measurements was suggested to estimate errors of scanner measurements. During this procedure, the positions of the scanstation varied from the calibration baseline pillars to the standard tripods creating triangles of different shapes. The distances obtained by scanning targets placed on the calibration baseline pillars were compared with baseline standard distances. Suggested improvements in the calibration technology could be used for verification and calibration of terrestrial laser scanstations at the calibration baselines

Programa intensivo ERASMUS: TOPCART. Documentación Geométrica del Patrimonio (memoria de actividades 2010-2011)

[EN] Data contained in this record come from the following accademic activity (from which it is possible to locate additional records related with the Monastery):● LDGP_inv_002: "Intensive Program ERASMUS: TOPCART. Geometric Documentation of the Heritage (administrative and academic documentation)", http://hdl.handle.net/10810/9906[ES] Los datos de este registro provienen de la una actividad académica que también aparece descrita en el repositorio y desde donde se puede acceder a otros trabajos relacionados con el Monasterio:● LDGP_inv_002: "Programa intensivo ERASMUS: TOPCART. Documentación Geométrica del Patrimonio (documentación administrativa y académica)", http://hdl.handle.net/10810/9906[EN] The main objective this project is looking for is the exchange of practical methodologies, in topics related with the measure and representation of heritage, between teachers and specially students from different countries. For the achievement of this aim we expect the participation of a group of about 30 students and 8 lecturers from Germany, Italy, Greece, Lithuania and Spain.Activities will be focused on the development of concrete projects in documentation of heritage, specifically in the San Prudencio Monastery (La Rioja, Spain). In this site, digital techniques for the acquisition of geometric information from GPS equipment, surveying total stations, laser scanner and photogrammetry systems, will be put into practice.Obtained data will be processed as follows: first of all, they will be documented by adding necessary metadata in order to ensure their use in the future, then, they will be treated to obtain cartographic representations and virtual models which can be distributed on the Internet.As results we expect: metric data of the monument, graphic models for difussion and collaboration partnertships.[ES] El objetivo principal que se persigue en este proyecto es el intercambio de metodológico práctico, en materias afines a la medida y la representación del patrimonio, entre profesores y fundamentalmente alumnos, de diferentes países. Para la consecución de este fin se espera la participación de un grupo de aproximadamente 25 alumnos y 8 profesores de (Alemania, Italia, Grecia, Lituania y España).Las actividades se centrarán en el desarrollo de proyectos concretos de documentación de elementos patrimoniales, en concreto el apartado práctico se desarrollará en el Monasterio de San Prudencio (La Rioja, España). En el se aplicarán técnicas digitales de registro de información geométrica, constituidas por receptores GPS, estaciones totales topográficas, escáneres láser y sistemas fotogramétricos.Los datos obtenidos serán tratados de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar serán documentados, mediante la adición de la metainformación necesaria para garantizar su utilidad a lo largo del tiempo, seguidamente serán procesados con el fin de obtener las representaciones cartográficas y modelos virtuales de representación que puedan ser difundidas por medio de Internet.Como resultados se pretenden: un conjunto de registros métricos del momento de la intervención, modelos gráficos de difusión y finalmente relaciones de colaboración interpersonal e interinstitucional.European Commission, DG Education and Culture (Erasmus 2009-1-ES1-ERAIP-0013, 2010-1-ES1-ERA10-0024); Organismo Autónomo Programas Educativos Europeos (OAPEE); Gobierno de La Rioja (Spain); Universidad de La Rioja; Clavijo City Council; Logroño City Council; Ilustre Colegio de Ingenieros Técnicos en Topografía (Delegación de La Rioja)[ES] Memoria de proyecto (PDF) [es el último fichero de la lista, el enlace directo es https://addi.ehu.es/bitstream/10810/7053/1053/ldgp_mem011-1_Clavijo_SanPrudencio.pdf] + 11 imágenes de la visita preliminar en abril de 2009, en formato JPEG + 19 nubes de puntos en formato txt (comprimido en ZIP junto a un fichero de metadatos y una imagen que sirve de croquis y que también se presenta suelta) + 27 fotografías tomadas desde un helicóptero radicontrolado en 2011 por el grupo H (JPEG) + 18 fotografías métricas del edificio en forma de -L- tomadas desde el Sur + 13 fotografías métricas del edificio en forma de -L- tomadas desde el Este + 95 fotografías métricas del interior del edificio en forma de -L- (JPEG) + 35 fotografías métricas tomadas desde el cerro que se encuentra al sur (JPEG) + 8 fotografías métricas que forman 4 pares estereoscópicos (2 del grupo B y 2 del grupo D) (JPEG) + 183 fotografías métricas que forman 91 tripletas (grupos B, C y D) (JPEG). [NOTA: este registro no está cerrado, se irán incorporando nuevos materiales de forma progresiva][EN] General report (PDF) [it is the last file of the list, the direct link is https://addi.ehu.es/bitstream/10810/7053/1053/ldgp_mem011-1_Clavijo_SanPrudencio.pdf] + 11 pictures taken during the preliminary visit in April 2009 (JPEG format) + 19 point clouds in plain text (compressed in a ZIP file together with a file with metadata and an image PNG as sketch, these image are also presented on their own) + 27 photographs taken from a remote-controlled helicopter for the group H in 2011(JPEG) + 18 metric pictures of the L-shaped building taken from the South (JPEG) + 13 metric pictures of the L-shaped building taken from the East (JPEG) + 95 metric pictures of the inside part of the L-shaped building (JPEG) + 35 metric photographs taken from the hill opposite in the Southern + 8 metric photographs in four stereopairs (2 from group B and 2 from group D) (JPEG) + 183 metric photographs arranged in 91 triplets from groups B, C and D (JPEG). [NOTE: this record is not closed, more data will be uploaded progressively

Development of Terrestrial Laser Scanners Calibration Methodology and Scanning Technology Applications for Ground Surface Modelling

Disertacijoje pateikti antžeminių lazerinių skenerių kalibravimo metodikos parengimo tyrimai ir lazerinio skenavimo taikymai žemės paviršiui modeliuoti. Disertacijos tikslas – parengti antžeminių lazerinių skenerių kalibravimo metodiką, taikant esamą elektroninių tolimačių kalibravimo metodiką, kai neturima specializuotos laboratorinės įrangos. Atlikto darbo rezultatus galima pritaikyti įteisinant antžeminių lazerinių skenerių kalibravimo metodiką. Taip pat darbo rezultatai panaudojami žemės paviršiaus modeliavimo kokybei pagerinti taikant lazerinio skenavimo technologiją. Įvadiniame skyriuje pagrindžiama tiriamoji problema, apibrėžiamas problemos aktualumas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, pateikiamas mokslinis darbo naujumas, pateikiami ginamieji disertacijos teiginiai, pristatomos autoriaus publikacijos ir pranešimai konferencijose, pateikiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas su disertacijos tematika susijusios mokslinės literatūros analizei. Jame nagrinėjama antžeminių lazerinių skenerių konstrukciniai ypatumai bei matavimo sistemų parametrai. Identifikuotos problemos antžeminių lazerinių skenerių kalibravimo bei patikros sprendimuose Lietuvoje ir užsienio šalyse. Atlikta antžeminių lazerinių skenerių kalibravimo ir patikros norminės bazės apžvalga ir suformuluoti uždaviniai, kuriuos disertaciniame darbe tikslinga išspręsti. Remiantis išanalizuota literatūra nustatyta, kad praktiškai nesukurta metodika antžeminiams lazeriniams skeneriams kalibruoti neturint laboratorinės įrangos. Antrame disertacijos skyriuje parengta antžeminių lazerinių skenerių kalibravimo metodika pritaikant esamą elektroninių tolimačių kalibravimo metodiką. Atlikti eksperimentiniai antžeminių lazerinių skenerių kalibravimai. Trečias skyrius skirtas lazerinio skenavimo taikymams žemės paviršiui modeliuoti. Analizuojami lazerinio skenavimo technologijų taikymai kultūros objektams kartografuoti, lazerinio skenavimo technologijomis sukauptų duomenų grubioms klaidoms šalinti, bei lazerinio skenavimo duomenų taikymai atviros erdvės paviršiui modeliuoti. Disertacijos tema paskelbti 4 straipsniai, perskaityti šeši pranešimai konferencijose

Application of LIDAR data for creating three-­dimensional models of the site

The article examines the technological peculiarities of creating 3D models of a site applying LIDAR data. Two data sources, including the method of scanning the Earth’s surface data using LIDAR and orthophoto maps have been applied. The non­regularities of the point cloud and the accuracy of LIDAR data were investigated. The reasons affecting the quality of LIDAR data were detected and methods for improving scanning technology were suggested. An algorithm detecting and eliminating essential errors was proposed. Experimental research included data on an orthophoto map sheet of Lithuanian territory at a 1:10000 scale. Article in Lithuanian Erdvinių skenavimo duomenų taikymas vietovės  trimačiams modeliams generuoti Santrauka. Analizuojami vietovės trimačių modelių sudarymo remiantis erdviniais skenavimo duomenimis technologijos ypatumai. Taikomi du duomenų šaltiniai – LIDAR metodu sukaupti Žemės paviršiaus lazerinio skenavimo duomenys ir ortofotografiniai žemėlapiai. Ištirtas LIDAR duomenų tikslumas ir gaunamų taškų aibės netolygumas. Nustatytos priežastys, turinčios įtakos LIDAR duomenų kokybei, bei pasiūlyta skenavimo technologijos tobulinimo būdai. Pateiktas algoritmas grubioms klaidoms LIDAR duomenyse rasti ir šalinti. Eksperimentiniam tyrimui taikyta vieno Lietuvos teritorijos 1:10 000 mastelio ortofotografinio žemėlapio lapo apimties duomenys. LIDAR duomenys gauti ir ortofotografiniai žemėlapiai pagaminti 2009 metais. Reikšminiai žodžiai: LIDAR, ortofotografiniai žemėlapiai, lazerinis skenavimas, trimatis vietovės modelis

Identification analysis of digital images of black holes of Centaurus A galaxy

This article analyses digital images from the black hole map of Centaurus A galaxy using autovariance and covariance functions. This map was created based on data collected with APEX and Max-Planck/ESO radiotelescopes in Chile (Nemiroff and Bonnell in Astronomy picture of the day, 2011. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap110531.html). Crosscovariance function estimates for two digital images or autocovariance function for individual images are calculated with random functions based on digital images’ pixels in vector form. Pixel vectors are estimated by emitting arrays of digital images’ pixels along according vectors. When the scale of the digital image shifts, the frequency of individual pixels’ colors remains constant, therefore shifting scales do not affect calculations for const and covariance functions. An RGB color spectrum was used for identification of images. The effect of composites of the RGB spectrum, and of color tensors, on estimates of covariance functions in digital images was assessed as well. The identity of digital images is evaluated by the change of correlation coefficients in the diapason of according values as determined using Matlab software

An influence of the covariance between single orbit parameters on the accuracy of observations of the pseudo-ranges and phase differences

The possibilities to improve values of the satellite orbit elements by employing the pseudo-ranges and differences of carrier phase frequencies measured at many reference GPS stations are analysed. An improvement of orbit ephemeris is achieved by solving an equation system of corrections of the pseudo-ranges and phase differences with the least-squares method. Also, equations of space coordinates of satellite orbit points expressed by ephemeris at fixed moments are used. The relation between the accuracy of the pseudo-ranges and phase differences and the accuracy of the satellite ephemeris is analysed. Formulae for estimation of the influence of the ephemeris on the measured pseudo-ranges and phase differences and for prediction of the accuracy of the pseudo-ranges and phase differences were obtained. An influence of the covariance between single orbit parameters on the accuracy of the pseudo-ranges and phase differences is detected