Rendgenološka analiza mitralne insuficijencije pasa u Hrvatskoj.

A sample of 317 dogs with radiologically diagnosed acquired heart diseases was studied. Of the above number, 225 (70.98%) had mitral insufficiency, 54 (17.03%) had dilation cardiomyopathy, 28 (8.83%) had cor pulmonale, 5 (1.58%) had pericarditis, 3 (0.95%) had arterial stenosis, and 2 (0.63%) had stenosis of the pulmonary artery. Mitral insufficiency is among the most frequent of acquired heart diseases. A strong predisposition to this disease among small- and medium-size breeds of dogs was observed. Thus, mitral insufficiency was diagnosed in 211 out of 238 dogs belonging to those breeds (88.66%), and only in 14 out of 79 of large breeds (17.72%). In the small- and medium-sized breed group the incidence was higher among males; (58.77% of males and 41.23% of females, respectively). Also, males show a tendency to develop more severe grades of the disease than females.Na uzorku od 317 pasa rendgenološki su dijagnosticirane različite stečene bolesti srca. Mitralna insuficijencija dijagnosticirana je u 225 (70,89%) pasa, u 54 (17,03%) psa dijagnosticirana je dilatacijska kardiomiopatija, u 28 pasa (8,83%) cor pulmonale, perikarditis u 5 pasa (1,58%), stenoza aorte u 3 psa (0,95%) i stenoza arterije pulmonalis u 2 psa (0,63%). Najučestalija stečena bolest srca bila je mitralna insuficijencija. Od ove bolesti češće su oboljevali psi malih i srednje velikih pasmina. Mitralna insuficijencija dijagnosticirana je u 211 pasa (88,66%) od ukupno 238 malih i srednje velikih pasmina pasa i u 14 (17,72%) od ukupno 79 velikih pasmina. U skupini malih i srednje velikih pasmina učestalost je veća u mužjaka, 124 (58,77%) psa, u odnosu na 87 ženki (41,23%). Analizirajući učestalost prema stupnju težine bolesti i spolu mitralna insuficijencija ne samo da je učestalija u mužjaka već oni obolijevaju i od težeg stupnja bolesti

Učestalost i distribucija radiografskih promjena u regiji prstiju rasplodnih bikova bez znakova hromosti

Joint disease has a high correlation with bull reproductive failure at semen collection centers or in natural breeding programs. The majority of changes involve the digital region, with various etiologies and pathomorphologies. An X-ray examination is often indicated, but has not become a routine procedure in bovine practice. The aim of our research was to determine radiographically visible changes in the digital region and determine their anatomical distribution in stud bulls that do not show clinical signs of lameness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo radiographic study of the digital region in Simmental stud bulls. The study included 30 adult Simmental stud bulls in breeding condition. Five (16.66%) bulls had no changes on their digits, and 25 (83.33%) had different groups of changes on their digits. The anatomical site of occurrence and the frequency of pathological changes on each individual digit were determined. In 76% of bulls, changes are visible on both the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Mostly radiographic findings of changes in the digital region in stud bulls without clinical signs of the disease correspond to chronic degenerative changes in their bones and joints, but they do not have any significant influence on the health status or semen production of stud bulls. However, the distribution of radiographic findings in these stud bulls does not correspond with the previously described distribution in other categories of cattle.Bolesti zglobova pokazuju visoki stupanj povezanosti s poremećajima u reprodukciji rasplodnih bikova od kojih se u centrima za umjetno osjemenjivanje prikuplja sperma ili služe u programima za prirodni pripust. Većina promjena na zglobovima pojavljuje se u regiji prstiju, a uključuje patomorfološke promjene različite etiologije. Za dijagnostiku navedenih promjena vrlo je često indicirana radiološka pretraga, koja još uvijek nije rutinska metoda u radu s govedima. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi radiološki vidljive promjene u području prstiju i njihovu anatomsku distribuciju u rasplodnih bikova koji ne pokazuju znakove hromosti. Koliko nam je poznato, ovo je prvo in vivo radiološko istraživanje regije prstiju u rasplodnih bikova simentalske pasmine. Uključeno je 30 odraslih bikova u rasplodnoj kondiciji. Kod 5 bikova (16,66 %) nisu pronađene rendgenski vidljive promjene, a kod 25 (83,33 %) pronađene su etiološki različite promjene. Za svaku promjenu definirana je njezina anatomska pozicija nakon čega je utvrđena učestalost patoloških promjena na pojedinačnim prstima. Vidljive promjene na prednjim i stražnjim ekstremitetima opažene se kod 76% istraženih bikova. Većina rendgenski vidljivih promjena u regiji prstiju rasplodnih bikova bez znakova hromosti vezana je uz kronična degenerativna stanja na kostima i zglobovima. Važno je napomenuti da promjene nisu znatnije utjecale na zdravstveno stanje i proizvodnju sperme bikova te da se distribucija promjena u regiji njihovih prstiju razlikuje od prije opisanih promjena u ostalih kategorija goveda

Rezultati rendgenološkog praćenja displazije kukova u pasmine tornjak

The aim of this retrospective study was to show the prevalence of hip dysplasia (HD) in the indigenous dog breed Bosnian and Herzegovinian - Croatian Shepherd Dog (Tornjak) in the period from 2001 to 2016. A total of 735 radiographs were evaluated according to the FCI protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) software. Significant differences between categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test. The median value of age of examined dogs was 18 (13.8-26.0) months, with majority of dogs (523) under 24 months. In the overall examined population 74.97% of hip radiographs were interpreted as healthy (grades A and B) and 25.03% were interpreted as dysplastic (grades C, D and E). In dogs under 24 months of age, the most common age for HD survey, 76.86 % was interpreted as healthy and 23.14% as dysplastic. Comparing the frequency of diagnosed HD according to the breeding licence during the 15 years period there was a statistically significant increase in dogs with HD grades A, B, C, D and a decrease in dogs with grade HD E restricted for further breeding (P<0.05). Comparison of frequency according to the FCI standards (AB vs. CDE) showed no significant difference. The present study shows that the prevalence of HD was reduced over the 15 year period in Tornjak breed.Cilj ovog retrospektivnog istraživanja bio je pokazati prevalenciju displazije kuka (HD) u autohtonie pasmine pasa tornjak u razdoblju od 2001. do 2016. Ukupno je 735 rendgenograma procijenjeno prema FCI protokolu. Statistička analiza provedena je pomoću programa Statistice 13.5.0.17. (TIBCO Software Inc.) Znakovite razlike između kategorija analizirane su pomoću Hi-kvadrat testa. Medijan vrijednosti dobi pregledanih pasa bio je 18 (13,8-26,0) mjeseci, a većina pasa (523) mlađa od 24 mjeseca. U ukupnoj ispitanoj populaciji 74,97% rendgenograma kukova protumačeno je kao zdravo (stupnjevi A i B), a 25,03% kao displastično (stupnjevi C, D i E). U pasa mlađih od 24 mjeseca, što je najčešća dob za pretragu na displaziju, 76,86% protumačeno je kao zdravo, a 23,14% kao displastično. Uspoređujući učestalost dijagnosticirane HD prema uzojnojj dozvoli tijekom 15-godišnjeg razdoblja, zabilježen je statistički znakovit porast pasa s HD ocjenama A, B, C, D i smanjenje pasa s ocjenom HD E ograničeno za daljnji uzgoj (P < 0,05). Usporedba učestalosti prema FCI standardima (AB naspram CDE) nije pokazala znakovitu razliku. Ukupni rezultat pokazuje smanjenje težeg HD stupnja (D, E) među ispitivanom populacijom

ELBOW DYSPLASIA IN DOG /ED/

Lakatna je displazija pojam koji označava jednu ili više razvojnih anomalija u pasa u dobi do godinu dana. U radu su prvenstveno opisani i rendgenološki prikazani znakovi nesklada zgobnih ploha, nesraštenoga ankonealnog izdanka, fragmentiranoga koronoidnog izdanka i osteohondroze kondila humerusa. Navedeni su i načini procjene anomalije prema međunarodnim standardima.Elbow dysplasia is a term that includes one or more developmental abnormalities in dogs aged up to one year. The paper defi nes and describes radiological signs of distractio cubiti, ununited anconeal proces, fragmented medial coronoid proces and osteochondrosis of the medial condyle of the humerus. The assessment of anomalies according to international standards is described as well

Divertikul debelog crijeva u psa - prikaz slučaja

The objectives of the current case report are to describe and report the diagnostics and surgical treatment of colonic diverticulum in a dog. A 13-year-old intact male Labrador retriever, suffering from the inability to defecate for 10 days, was diagnosed with a mass between the colon and the urinary bladder, filled with faeces. The diagnosis of a colonic diverticulum was obtained using plain abdominal radiography, ultrasonography, cystography and irigography. Native and contrast abdominal radiography and ultrasonography detected an abdominal mass with a diameter of 9 cm, filled with faeces, connected to the descending colon, and an enlarged prostatic gland. The dog was treated surgically with orchiectomy, exploratory celiotomy, partial resection of the colonic diverticulum wall, followed by reconstruction of the colon using the wall of the colonic diverticulum as a flap. The dog defecated 24 hours after surgery. On the 5th postoperative day, a wound infection was observed (redness, serous discharge from the ventral midline wound). The functional outcome was satisfactory. To the best of our knowledge, such a case report has not been reported before.Cilj rada bio je prikazati dijagnostiku i kirurško liječenje divertikula debelog crijeva u psa. Mužjak u dobi od 13 godina pasmine labrador retriver, tijekom 10 dana nije mogao defecirati. Psu je dijagnosticirana tvorba između kolona i mokraćnog mjehura, ispunjena fecesom. Abdominalnom radiografijom, ultrazvukom, cistografijom i irigografijom postavljena je dijagnoza divertikula kolona. Nativna i kontrastna abdominalna radiografija i ultrazvuk otkrili su abdominalnu masu promjera 9 cm, ispunjenu fecesom i povezanu sa silaznim kolonom, kao i uvećanu prostatu. U psa je učinjena orhiektomija, eksploratorna celiotomija i parcijalna resekcija stijenke divertikula kolona, te rekonstrukcija debelog crijeva, upotrebom stijenke crijevnog divertikula kao preklopa. Nakon 24 sata pas je defecirao. Petog dana poslije kirurškog zahvata primijećena je infekcija rane (crvenilo, serozni iscjedak iz ventralnog srednjeg dijela rane). Funkcionalni ishod bio je zadovoljavajući. Prema nama dostupnim podacima ovakav slučaj dosad nije prikazan

Radiographic diagnosis of intervertebral disc protrusion in the dog

Protruzija intervertebralnog diska pojavljuje se u gotovo svih pasmina pasa. Klinički se očituje bolom, gubitkom koordinacije, ukočenošću vrata, odbijanjem hrane, parezom i paralizom ekstremiteta. Pojavljuje se u dva morfološki odvojena oblika: jedan nalazimo u mlađih, hondrodistrofičnih pasmina pasa (Hansen tipa I), a drugi u svih ostalih (Hansen tipa II). Protruzija diska rendgenološki se dijagnosticira nativnom pretragom i mijelografijom. Od ostalih pretraga koje se mogu primijeniti na raspolaganju nam stoje diskografija, epidurografija, kompjutorizirana tomografija (CT) i magnetna rezonancija (MR). U trogodišnjem razdoblju (2009. – 2012.) istraživana je učestalost i mjesto protruzije diska u različitih pasmina pasa. U istraživanom uzorku bilo je obuhvaćeno 275 pasa različitih pasmina. Križani psi prikazani su u analizi odvojeno. Općenito gledajući, protruzija diska dijagnosticirana je u hondrodistrofičnih pasmina pasa u 66%, a u nehondrodistrofičnih u 12% slučajeva. Na križane se pse odnosi 22% slučajeva. Pasmine u kojih je najveća pojavnost protruzije jesu pudl, pekinezer i koker španijel. Najučestalije mjesto protruzije bio je intervertebralni prostor između 12. i 13. prsnog kralješka (23%), zatim prostor između 13. prsnog i prvoga slabinskog kralješka (18%), petoga i šestog slabinskog kralješka (14%), prvoga i drugog (11%) te četvrtoga i petog slabinskog kralješka (11%). Mjesto protruzije između 11. i 12. prsnog kralješka bilo je dijagnosticirano u 6% slučajeva, a između 3. i 4. te 4. i 5. slabinskog kralješka u 5% slučajeva. Protruzije diska na svim ostalim intervertebralnim prostorima bile su dijagnosticirane u 7% slučajeva.Intervertebral disc protrusion occurs in almost all breeds of dogs. Clinical signs include pain, loss of coordination, neck stiffness, lack of apetite , paresis and/or paralyses of extremities. It appears in two separate morphological forms, as Hansen type I disc protrusion in predominantly chondrodystrophic breeds an as Hansen type II in all other. Radiological diagnostic methods include plain radiography and myelography. Other methods available are discography, epidurography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonace imaging (MRI). Our study reviewed the results of plain and myelography diagnosed disc protrusion in the three year period (2009-2012). During that period, 275 dogs of different breeds were included in the study, as well as mongrel dogs which are displayed as a separate group in results. In overall, chondrodystrophic breeds were present with 66% of all cases examined, non chondrodystrophic breeds in 12% and crossbred group 22% of all cases. The breeds with most occurence of disc protrusion were Poodle, Pekingese dog and Cocker Spaniel. Intervertebral disc protrusion most often occured between T12 and T13 vertebral bodies (23%), followed by T13 and L1 (18%), L5 and L6 (14%), L1 and L2 (11%), L4 and L5 (6%), T11 and T12 (6%) and between L3 and L4 (5%). All other herniations were diagnosed in 7% of cases

Congenital urogenital anomaly in dogs

Urođene anomalije urogenitalnog sustava česte su u dijagnostici, poglavito u mladih pasa. Nastaju jer se za vrijeme intrauterinog razvoja organi urogenitalnog sustava razvijaju iz različitih tkiva. Od brojnih poznatih anomalija najčešće se dijagnosticira ektopični ureter. Ovisno o kojoj se anomaliji radi, najefikasnije metode za dijagnostiku jesu ultrazvučna pretraga, kontrastna radiografija, cistoskopija i kompjutorizirana tomografija (CT). Najčešća je metoda liječenja korektivni kirurški zahvat.Congenital urogenital anomalies are often diagnosed in younger dogs, as during intrauterine development, the urogenital organs develop from a variety of tissues. Of the many anomalies, ectopic ureter is the most commonly diagnosed. The most effective methods for diagnosing various anomalies are ultrasonography, contrast radiography, cystoscopy, and computerized tomography. The most common method for treatment is a surgical procedure

Analiza cerebrospinalne tekućine u pasa s kralježničnim tumorom i hernijacijom intervertebralnog diska

The study presents a retrospective case study. This aim was to determine whether lactate, glucose and total protein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be used as specific biochemical markers for rapid differential diagnosis between intervertebral disk herniation and spinal tumors. Canine blood (n=9) and cerebrospinal fluid (n=9) were collected for chemistry analysis in nine dogs divided into two groups: intervertebral disk herniation group (IVDHG) (n=6) and spinal tumor group (TG) (n=3). Absorption spectrophotometry was used for quantitative determination of the concentrations of lactate, glucose and total protein in serum and CSF. Lactate concentration in serum and CSF and glucose concentration in CSF were 40-60% higher in subjects in TG compared to the IVDHG group. Serum lactate concentrations in the IVDHG group were 60% lower than physiological values. The results indicate that elevated concentration of glucose, lactate and total proteins in CSF and serum are indicative of a tumor, while a decrease of serum lactate and other parameters within normal range indicate disk herniation.Ovo istraživanje predstavlja retrospektivnu studiju. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ustvrditi mogu li laktat, glukoza ili ukupni protein u serumu i cerebrospinalnoj tekućini biti specifični biokemijski markeri u brzoj diferencijalnoj dijagnostici kralježničnog tumora i hernijacije intervertebralnog diska. U istraživanju je korišteno 9 uzoraka pseće krvi i 9 uzoraka pseće cerebrospinalne tekućine koje su biokemijski analizirane. Ukupno 9 je pasa podijeljeno u 2 skupine: hernijacija intervertebralnog diska (IVDHG) (n=6) i skupina vertebralni tumor (TG) (n=3). Za kvantitativno određivanje koncentracija laktata, glukoze i ukupnih proteina u serumu i cerebrospinalnoj tekućini koristila se metoda apsorpcijske spektrofotometrije. Koncentracije laktatata u serumu i cerebrospnalnoj tekućini i glukoze u cerebrospinalnoj tekućini su bile povišene za 40 do 60 % u pasa s tumorom u kralježnici u usporedbi s psima iz skupine s hernijacijom intervertebralnog diska. Serumska koncentracija laktata u pasa s hernijacijom intervertebralnog diska je bila 60 % niža nego fiziološke vrijednosti. Rezultati ove studije su pokazali da povećane koncentracije glukoze, laktata i ukupnih proteina u cerebrospinalnoj tekućini upućuju na tumor u kralježnici, dok, smanjene ili fiziološke vrijednosti laktata i ostalih mjerenih pokazatelja mjerenih u serumu i cerebrospinalnoj tekućini ukazuju na hernijaciju intervertebralnog diska

Hip dysplasia classification and its incidence in dogs

U svijetu postoje tri glavna načina klasifi kacije kriterija za procjenu displazije kukova, a to su: FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale), OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) i BVA/KC (British Veterinary Association / The Kennel Club). U radu su opisana sva tri načina klasifikacije. Prikazana je učestalost displazije u pojedinih pasmina pasa po stupnjevima u razdoblju od dvije godine.Around the world there are 3 scoring modes that are used: The FCI mode (Federation Cynologique Internationale), the OFA mode (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) and BVA/KC mode (British Veterinary Association/ The Kenel Club). The paper describes three ways to classify hip dysplasia. The incidence of hip dysplasia is shown in certain breeds of dogs by its degree during the period of two years

Supkutani ksantom u nimfe (Nymphicus hollandicus) - prikaz slučaja.

Subcutaneous tumor in a 17-year-old female cockatiel is described. The yellowish, elliptic tumor measuring 4×3 cm was noticed by the owner of this bird, on the right side of the cloaca. The skin was damaged and the wound was bleeding. After the clinical examination, surgical removal of the tumor was suggested. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of a xanthoma. In a period of one year, neither the reoccurrence of the skin xanthoma nor any health problems were observed.U radu je opisan potkožni tumor u nimfe stare 17 godina. S lijeve strane kloake vlasnik je uočio žućkastu, eliptičnu tvorevinu veličine 4×3 cm. Iznad otekline koža je bila oštećena te je krvarila. Nakon kliničkog pregleda predloženo je kirurško odstranjenje tumora. Histopatološki je ustanovljen ksantom. U razdoblju od jedne godine ksantom se nije ponovo pojavio, a nisu zabilježene ni druge zdravstvene poteškoće