Primjena metode nanošenja sloj po sloj na tekstil

U svijetu se u posljednjih 20 godina provode intenzivna istraživanja mogućnosti nanošenja tankih nanosa sloj po sloj na različite podloge, čija svojstva se time bitno mijenjaju. Nanosi su debljine od nekoliko nanometara, a nanose se naizmjeničnim slaganjem različito nabijenih slojeva. Takva obrada se ponavlja više puta te se dobivaju višeslojni nanosi. Ovakvom funkcionalizacijom materijalima se poboljšavaju, odnosno mijenjaju svojstva. Primjena ove tehnike moguća je i na tekstilu čime se obrađenom materijalu može povećati hidrofi lnost ili se može postići bolja otpornost na gorenje, bakterije, UV zračenje i drugo. Postojanost navedenih svojstava na pranje je predmet intenzivnog istraživanja. Laboratorijskim obradama dobiveni su dobri rezultati, ali ova obrada još nije uvedena u praksu no očekuje se da će se i to uspjeti u bližoj budućnosti

Uporaba celulaz v procesu plemenitenja

Cellulases are enzymes that are used for the surface modifi cations of cellulosic materials primarily during fi nishing. It is a multi-component enzymatic system which hydrolyzes cellulose chains, on the surface of the fi bres, to glucose. During their applications in the fi nishing of textiles, surface fi bres are removed and the surfaces of the treated textiles become smooth. The most important application is in the processing of denim for providing special eff ects without signifi cant fabric loss of strength. Enzymes are eff ective over mild conditions of pH and temperatures and are easily biodegradable.Celulaze so encimi, namenjeni površinski modifi kaciji celuloznih tekstilij, predvsem pri plemenitenju tekstilij. Večkomponentni sistem encimov hidrolizira celulozne makromolekule na površju vlaken do glukoze. Z uporabo celulaz pri plemenitenju tekstilij se odstranijo štrleča vlakna na površju tekstilije, s čimer postane obdelano površje gladko. Med najpomembnejše vrste uporabe celulaz spada plemenitenje denim jeansa, kjer dosežejo posebne učinke brez bistvenega znižanja trdnosti tkanine. Encimi so učinkoviti v blagih pogojih vrednosti pH in temperature in so enostavno biorazgradljivi

Utjecaj obogaćenja okoliša na neke pokazatelje dobrobiti junadi u tovu držane pri različitim gustoćama naseljenosti

The effects of environmental enrichment were assessed at different stocking densities on fattening cattle welfare. The study included four groups of heifers observed during four-month final commercial fattening. The heifers were housed in non-enriched and enriched environments at low (n = 14; 4.5 m2/animal) and high (n = 19; 3.3 m2/animal) stocking density. Environmental enrichment consisted of a grooming brush and salt blocks. Heifer welfare was assessed using selected indicators from the Welfare Quality® assessment protocol for cattle. The study results showed that the heifers housed at high stocking density used environmental enrichment materials significantly more frequently as compared with heifers housed at low stocking density (P<0.05), whereas there was no difference in their use of particular enrichment materials. The effect of environmental enrichment on heifer welfare was mainly manifested in a reduction in the expression of some forms of aggressive behaviour; therefore, this finding should encourage the use of enrichment materials such as those presented in this study which are commercially available, relatively inexpensive and simple to use.U radu je istraživan utjecaj obogaćenja okoliša pri različitim gustoćama naseljenosti na dobrobit junadi u tovu. Istraživanje je provedeno na četirima skupinama junica tijekom četveromjesečnog završnog komercijalnog tova. Junice su držane u neobogaćenom i obogaćenom okolišu pri maloj (n = 14; 4,5 m2/životinji) i velikoj (n = 19; 3,3 m2/životinji) gustoći naseljenosti. Obogaćenje okoliša sastojalo se od četke za njegu i blokova soli. Dobrobit junica procijenjena je na temelju odabranih pokazatelja protokola Welfare Quality® assessment protocol for cattle. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su se junice držane pri velikoj gustoći naseljenosti znakovito više (P < 0,05) koristile materijalima za obogaćivanje okoliša u usporedbi s manjom gustoćom, dok razlike u korištenju pojedinih materijala nije bilo. Utjecaj obogaćenja okoliša na dobrobit junica uglavnom se očitovao smanjenjem izražavanja pojedinih oblika agresivnog ponašanja. Ipak, ovaj nalaz trebao bi poticati upotrebu materijala za obogaćivanje kao što su oni predstavljeni u ovom istraživanju, koji su komercijalno dostupni, relativno jeftini i jednostavni za primjenu

Cutis Verticis Gyrata – A Case Report

Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a skin condition characterized by excessive growth of the skin of the scalp, resulting in furrows and folds which are similar to the gyri of the brain cortex. CVG can be classified into two forms: primary (essential and non-essential) and secondary. We report the case of a 53-year-old male patient with the primary type of CVG. The patient did not present with any cutaneous complication. His main complaint was the unaesthetic aspect of his scalp related to a psychological inferiority complex.</p

Malting quality indicators of Croatian dual-purpose barley varieties

Malting barley varieties usually demand higher expences than feed varieties, at least as far as management practice is concerned. For this reason, many growers in Croatia search for a quality replacement of malting varieties. Croatian market allows dual-purpose varieties, but strict quality parameters have to be met in order for a variety to be recognized as a malting/feed variety. The aim of this research was to preliminary assess the malting quality of several malting, feed and multipurpose (dual or combined) malting/feed barley varieties. 11 barley varieties were grown in Osijek area during 2011: seven malting/feed (M/F), two malting (M) and two feed barley varieties (F). The suitability for the beer production was assessed according to the malting quality indicators, determined by using standard methods of analytica EBC (European Brewing Convention). As expected, both malting varieties (Vanessa and Tiffany) demonstrated the best malting quality parameters. Most of the combined malting/feed varieties were within recommended values, except Maxim, Lukas and Gazda, which showed the lowest results in friability. Considering that the results were collected and evaluated over a period of one year, this study was taken as a good pointer to future, longer lasting investigations

Koncentracija kortizola u slini junica u tovu držanih u obogaćenome okolišu pri različitim gustoćama naseljenosti

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of environmental enrichment and different stocking densities on the level of stress in the fattening cattle by measuring salivary cortisol concentration. A total of 320 saliva samples obtained from heifers during the final four-month fattening period was analyzed by a colorimetric competitive enzyme immunoassay. The heifers were housed at 3.3 and 4.5 m2/animal in standard production conditions that were additionally enriched with a mechanical grooming brush and salt blocks in experimental groups. The study results have demonstrated that a cortisol concentration at the end of fattening was significantly higher, as compared with the initial levels in all heifer groups, without significant intergroup differences. There was no significant correlation between the usage of a grooming brush and cortisol concentration, whereas a significant negative correlation was detected between the salt block usage and cortisol concentration, suggesting a beneficial effect of this simple, commercially available and relatively inexpensive environmental enrichment.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinak obogaćenja okoliša i različitih gustoća naseljenosti na razinu stresa kod junadi u tovu mjerenjem koncentracije kortizola u slini. Kolorimetrijskim kompetitivnim enzimskim imunotestom analizirano je ukupno 320 uzoraka sline junica tijekom završnoga četveromjesečnog tova. Junice su bile držane pri gustoćama naseljenosti od 3,3 i 4,5 m2/životinji u standardnim proizvodnim uvjetima, koji su u pokusnim skupinama dodatno obogaćeni mehaničkom četkom za njegu i blokovima soli. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je koncentracija kortizola na kraju tova bila značajno viša u usporedbi s početnom razinom u svim skupinama junica, bez značajnih razlika među skupinama. Nije bilo značajne povezanosti između korištenja četke za njegu i koncentracije kortizola, no utvrđena je značajna negativna povezanost između korištenja blokova soli i koncentracije kortizola, što upućuje na povoljan učinak ovoga jednostavnog, komercijalno dostupnog i relativno jeftinog obogaćenja okoliša

Application of metal threads in Croatia from the 11th to the 20th century

Istraživana je primjena srme (metalnih niti) uklopljenih u tekstilnu pređu u Hrvatskoj na liturgijskom ruhu i svečanim narodnim nošnjama. Najprije se srma bogato i često koristila na liturgijskom ruhu dajući sav sjaj i raskoš odjeći koja se nosila za vrijeme Misnog slavlja. Najstariji primjerak liturgijskog ruha s detaljima ukrašenim srmom je Ladislavov plašt iz 11. stoljeća, a čuva se u Riznici Zagrebačke katedrale. Narodne nošnje ukrašene srmom primjenjivale su se u 19. i 20. st. Korištene su za svečane prilike: velike blagdane, vjenčanja i neke druge svečanosti. Srma se koristila na različitim dijelovima nošnje ali i u različitim količinama ovisno o regijama. Prikazane su jadranska, dinarska, panonska i varoška nošnja ukrašene srmom. Najbogatije i najraskošnije narodne nošnje bile su u Panonskoj regiji čime je pokazivano blagostanje i moć onih koji su je oblačili. Nadaleko je poznat slavonski vez među kojima je najvažnija skupocjena tehnika zlatoveza.Research was performed about metal threads incorporated into textile yarn in Croatia on liturgical vestments and the festive folk costumes. Primarily metal threads were abundant and frequently used on liturgical vestments giving all the splendor and grandeur to the clothes which were worn during the celebration of the Mass. The oldest example from liturgical vestments with metal threads is Ladislav\u27s mantle from the 11th century, stored in the Zagreb Chatedral Treasury. Folk costumes decorated with metal threads were applied in the 19th and the 20th century. It was used for festive occasions such as holidays, weddings and other celebration. Metal threads were used on different parts of costumes in different amounts depending on the region. This paper deals with Adriatic, Dinaric, Pannonian and varoš (vaa-rosh (a type of a small town in Europe)) costume decorated with metal threads. The richest and the most luxurious folk costumes were in Pannonian region showing welfare and power those who dressed it. Slavonian embroidery is widely known among which the most precious are the expensive gold embroidery techniques

Motivacijske odrednice sekstinga: Model temeljen na integraciji dosadašnjih istraživanja

Sexting, defined as the exchange of sexually explicit contents among adolescents and young adults using electronic media, has become a popular topic of interest in the wider public. This paper proposed a theoretical model to explain motivational determinants of sexting behaviour. We reviewed sexting literature to show how multiple empirical confirmed motivational factors can be modelled within our framework. By analysing empirical research, we posited a set of individual characteristics and contextual characteristicsthat explain sexting behaviour. We offered a systematic review of motivational determinants relevant to capture sexting behaviour and guidelines for future research in this area. We intended by this theory to organize prior research into a more theoretically satisfying approach to study sexting and to encourage researchers to expand the model and use it in future studies.Seksting, definiran kao razmijena seksualno eksplicitnog sadržaja elektroničkim medijima među adolescentima i mladim osobama, aktualna je tema šire javnosti. U ovom je radu predložen teorijski model koji objašnjava motivacijske odrednice sekstinga. Autori su na temelju pregleda do sada provedih istraživanja prikazali kako se više empirijski potvrđenih motivacijskih čimbenika može integrirati u predloženi model. Konkretno, analizom su empirijskih istraživanja autori postavili set individualnih i kontekstualnih karakteristika koje objašnjavanju ponašanje kakvo upućuje na seksting. Predložen je sistematski pregled motivacijskih determinanti relevantnih za razumijevanje sekstinga ismjernice za buduća istraživanja u ovom području. Namjera je ovog modela organizacija rezultata do sada provednih istraživanja u teorijski prihvatljiv pristup s ciljem daljnjeg proučavanja sekstinga te poticanje istraživača na dodatni razvoj modela i njegovu primjenu u budućim istraživanjima.</p

The application of layer-by-layer deposition on textiles

U svijetu se u posljednjih 20 godina provode intenzivna istraživanja mogućnosti nanošenja tankih nanosa sloj po sloj na podlogu čime se bitno mijenjaju njena svojstva. Nanosi su debljine nekoliko nanometara, a nanose se izmjenično najčešće tako da najprije dođe nanos s pozitivnim slojem, zatim se ispire, pa zatim nanos s negativnim slojem. Može biti i obrnuto. Takva obrada se ponavlja više puta pa se dobivaju višeslojni nanosi. Materijalima s višeslojnim nanosima poboljšavaju se željena svojstva. Ova tehnika moguća je i na tekstilu čime se na obrađenom materijalu dobiva povećana hidrofilnost ili bolja otpornost na gorenje, otpornost na bakterije, zaštita od UV zračenja i drugo. Postojanost tih svojstava na pranje je predmet intenzivnog istraživanja. Laboratorijskim obradama dobiveni su dobri rezultati, ali ova obrada još nije provedena u pogonu, te se očekuje da će se i to uspjeti u bližoj budućnosti.Intensive research of layer-by-layer deposition on various substrates, whose properties are thereby substantially changed, has been carried out over the past 20 years. Deposits of only several nanometers in thickness are deposited by alternate applying of differently charged layers. This process is repeated several times resulting in multi-layered films. This kind of functionalism enhances initial properties of materials. The application of this technique is also possible on textiles, which improves the hydrophility of the treated material or better fire retardancy, bacterial resistance, UV resistance etc. Wash fastness of the mentioned properties is the subject of intensive research. Laboratory treatments yielded good results, but this kind of treatment has not yet been introduced into practice, but it is expected in near future