Efekti kontaktnih fungicida u zaštiti jabuke od Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) winter

During the season 2016, the biological efficacy of contact fungicides in apple protection from the apple scab, caused by fungus Venturia inaequalis, was performed. The experiments were conducted in an experimental orchard at the location of OŠD Radmilovac (cv Idared) and commercial orchard on the location of Krćevac (Topola) (cv Mucu). The trials were performed as a randomized block system in four repetitions (EPPO, 2012). Fungicide treatments were performed using knap sprayer type Solo 423, with 1000 l ha-1 of suspension consumption. A total of seven treatment, starting from the growth stages of ''mouse ear'' (BBCH 54), were done.Favorable agro-meteorological conditions have resulted in the significant disease incidence in control (untreated) plots. At the site of the OŠD Radmilovac the intensity of disease determined in control plots was 28.4% on the leaves, and 7.3% on fruits, while on the locality of Krćevac, diseases occurrence on the leaves and fruits was 91.5% and 7.9%, respectively. Application of multi-site fungicides resulted in good efficacy of mancozeb (87.4 to 100%), dithianon (83.1 to 100%), metiram (86.6 to 95.3%) and captan (89.8 to 100%), respectively.U toku 2016. godine, vršena su ispitivanja biološke efikasnosti kontaknih fungicida u zaštiti jabuke od prouzrokovača čađave pegavosti lista i krastavosti plodova (Venturia inaequalis). Ogledi su izvedeni u eksperimentalnom zasadu na lokalitetu OŠD Radmilovac (sorta Ajdared) i komercijalnom zasadu na lokalitetu Krćevac (Topola), (sorta Mucu), po tipu slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja (EPPO, 2012). Fungicidi su primenjivani pomoću leđnog atomizera, tipa Solo 423 uz utrošak vode 1000 l ha. Obavljeno je ukupno sedam tretiranja, počevši od fenofaze ''mišjih ušiju'' (BBCH 54) do fenofaze kada su plodovi bili Ø 8-12 mm (BBCH 70-71). Povoljni agrometeorološki uslovi rezultirali su značajnom pojavom oboljenja u kontrolnim parcelama. Na lokalitetu OŠD Radmilovac utvrđen je intezitet oboljenja u kontroli od 28,4% na listovima, odnosno 7,3% na plodovima, dok je na lokalitetu Krćevac, intezitet oboljenja na listu iznosio 91,5%, odnosno 7,9% na plodovima. Primenom fungicida sa kontaktim delovanjem ostvarena je veoma dobra efikasnost mankozeba (87,4-100%), ditianona (83,1-100%), metirama (86,6-95,3%) i kaptana (89,8-100%)

Efikasnost kombinacije piraklostrobin + boskalid u suzbijanju sive truleži i plamenjače salate

In 2012, the biological effi cacy of the fungicide mixture pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Signum®, BASF ) in the control of two economically most important disease of lettuce, gray mold (B. cinerea ) and downy mildew (B. lactucae ), was tested. The experiments were conducted at the location of Belgrade (Ledine, Iceberg, salat center), and Smederevska Palanka (Experimental fi eld of the Institute of Vegetable Crops), by type of randomized block design with four replications (EPPO, 1997). Fungicide application was performed by a sprayer SOLO 423 with consumption of 400 l of water ha-1. A fungicide Signum®, (a.i. pyraclostrobin + boscalid) was applied in a dosage of 1.5 kg ha-1 and was carried out a total of four treatments of the growth stages starting when the plants had developed three leaves (BBCH 13). As the standard products at both locations the fungicide Sumilex SC 50 (a. i. procymidone), in the case of B. cinerea, and Ridomil MZ (a.i. metalaxyl + mancozeb), in the case of for downy mildew, were used. After manifesting clear distinguish between treated and untreated (control) plots, assessment of disease severity (60 plants per plot) and efficiency of fungicides were calculated. The fungicide mixture pyraclostrobin + boscalid, tested in this study, showed a high efficacy against downy mildew of lettuce, which amounted to 93.6 % (Location: Belgrade - Ledine) and 97.4 % (site: Smederevska Palanka) respectively. The effi ciency of the tested fungicide combination of suppression of gray mold was 92.5 % (location: Belgrade - Ledine) and 93.5 % (site: Smederevska Palanka), respectively.U toku 2012. godine, vršena su ispitivanja biološke efi kasnosti kombinacije fungicida piraklostrobin + boskalid (Signum®, BASF) u suzbijanju dve ekonomski najvažnije bolesti salate, sive truleži (Botrytis cinerea) i plamenjače (Bremia lactucae). Ogledi su izvedeni na lokalitetima Beograd (Ledine, Iceberg salat centar) i Smederevska Palanka (Ogledne parcele Instituta za povrtarstvo), po tipu slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja (EPPO, 1997; EPPO, 2002). Aplikacija fungicida vršena je pomoću leđne prskalice uz utrošak vode od 400 l/ha. Ispitivani preparat Signum®, primenjen je u dozi od 1,5 kg/ha, a obavljeno je ukupno četiri tretiranja, počevši od fenofaze kada su biljke imale razvijena tri lista (BBCH 13). Kao standardni preparati za poređenje, na oba lokaliteta, korišćeni su Sumilex 50 SC (a.s. prosimidon), u slučaju B. cinerea, odnosno Ridomil gold MZ (a.s. metalaksil + mankozeb), za suzbijanje prouzrokovača plamenjače. Nakon ispoljavanja jasnih razlika između tretiranih varijanti i kontrole, ocenjen je intenzitet oboljenja (60 biljaka po jednoj parceli) i izračunata efi kasnost fungicida. Primenom ispitivane kombinacije piraklostrobin + boskalid, ostvarena je visoka efi kasnost u suzbijanju plamenjače salate koja je iznosila 93,6 % (lokalitet: Beograd-Ledine), odnosno, 97,4 % (lokalitet: Smederevska Palanka). Efi kasnost ispitivane kombinacije u suzbijanju sive truleži iznosila je 92,5 % (lokalitet: Beograd-Ledine), odnosno 93,5 % (lokalitet: Smederevska Palanka)

Prouzrokovači bakteriozne uvelosti paradajza i žute uvelosti (Stolbur) paprike i paradajza

Bacterial diseases are very common in tomato and pepper crops, especially under favourable weather conditions. One of the economically most important pathogens that affect tomato production worldwide is Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of bacterial wilt of tomato. The pathogen survives in soil and water. It colonizes xylem, clogs the vascular tissue preventing water movement throughout the stem, causing colapse of the infected plants. In addition, wilting of tomato and pepper can be caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur Phytoplasma). Main sources of infection with this pathogen are wild plants from where it is further transmitted by feeding of leafhopper vectors. The aim of this paper is to point to distribution and economic importance of those diseases, as well as characteristics of the pathogens. Information about symptoms and epidemiology of the disease are important for an accurate disease diagnosis and pathogen identification, which contributes to the timely and successful protection strategy.Oboljenja bakteriozne prirode veoma su česta u usevima paradajza i paprike, posebno kada vremenski uslovi pogoduju nastanku i širenju infekcije. Među ekonomski najznačajnijim bakterijama koje ugrožavaju proizvodnju paradajza u svetu, izdvaja se prouzrokovač bakteriozne uvelosti paradajza Ralstonia solanacearum. Patogen se dugo održava u zemljištu i vodi. Naseljava ksilem biljaka onemogućavajući protok vode, usled čega dolazi do pojave uvelosti. Osim ovog patogena, simptome uvelosti paradajza i paprike može takođe prouzrokovati Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur fitoplazma). Ovo oboljenje prenosi se cikadama, dok su glavni izvori infekcije korovske biljke. Cilj ovog rada je da se prikaže rasprostranjenost i ekonomski značaj navedenih oboljenja paradajza i paprike, kao i osnovne karakteristike njihovih prouzrokovača. Poznavanje simptomatologije i epidemiologije oboljenja je od posebnog značaja za pravilnu dijagnozu oboljenja i identifikaciju patogena, što doprinosi pravovremenoj i uspešnoj zaštiti

Novi pravci zaštite paprike i paradajza od bakteriozne pegavosti

Bacterial spot, caused by bacteria that belong to Xanthomonas complex, is one of the widespread and economically important disease of pepper and tomato. Growing resistant genotypes, use of treatments based on copper compounds or streptomycin do not provide efficient control of this disease due to the appearance of new races of bacteria and development of strains resistant to antibiotics and copper compounds. Pepper and tomato producers do not have adequate resources for pathogen control since standard bactericides are not effective enough if weather conditions are favorable for the disease development. Due to lack of resistant cultivars and effective means of protection, researchers have searched for alternative solutions that would provide effective control of this disease. Only integration of different control methods can enable positive effect and achieve an adequate crop protection. Biological methods (use of bacteriophages) and some recent alternative treatments (Systemic Acquired Resistance inducers), have provided the possibility of developing an effective strategy for X. euvesicatoria control.Bakteriozna pegavost paprike i krastavost plodova paradajza koju prouzrokuju bakterije Xanthomonas kompleksa, spada u red rasprostranjenih i ekonomski veoma značajnih bolesti paprike i paradajza. Gajenje otpornih genotipova i primena preparata na bazi streptomicina i jedinjenja bakra ne obezbeđuju zadovoljavajući efekat zaštite, usled pojave novih rasa bakterije i razvoja sojeva rezistentnih prema antibioticima i jedinjenjima bakra. Proizvođači paprike i paradajza nemaju adekvatna sredstva za borbu protiv ovog patogena, jer standardni baktericidi često nisu dovoljno efi kasni kada vremenski uslovi pogoduju razvoju bolesti. Usled nedostatka otpornih sorti, kao i efi kasnih sredstava za zaštitu, istraživači pokušavaju da pronađu alternativna rešenja kojima bi se omogućila efi kasna kontrola ove bolesti. Jedino se integracijom pozitivnog efekta različitih metoda može postići odgovarajući efekat zaštite. Biološke metode (primena bakteriofaga) i neke novije alternativne metode (aktivatori sistemične opornosti), ukazuju na mogućnost razvoja efi kasne strategije za suzbijanje X. euvesicatoria

Očuvanje vitamina C, likopena i ugljenih hidrata u plodovima paradajza sušenim u tunelskom tipu sušara

The aim of this study was to find an optimal way of tomato drying in a tunnel type dryer, in order to achieve the lowest possible losses in nutritive value of dried tomato products. Domestic variety of tomato (SP-109) was used in this research. Drying was performed in three ways, applying five temperature regimes, as follows: cocurrent system (variant 1 at 70-80 oC; variant 2 at 90-75 oC), countercurrent system (variant 1 at 55-65 oC, variant 2 at 65-75 oC) and combined system (85-55 oC and 55-65 oC). In these systems, the kinetic of changes in nutritive value of tomato fruits was monitored by measuring the content of carbohydrates, lycopene and vitamin C. Different influences of temperature regimes on nutritive value of dried tomato were observed at the level of statistical difference (LSD 0.05; 0.01) in the researched systems. Cocurrent system was statistically significant for differences in temperature modes (variant 1 and variant 2). Monitoring of the tomato drying kinetics showed that, in all variants, period of constant drying rate lasted about 3.5 h and that the total drying was the fastest in parallel cocurrent flow of non-saturated hot air and material. The content of total carbohydrates in tomato was dependent on the temperature regime of the tested drying systems. The carbohydrate content obtained in tomato samples dried at lower temperatures was higher compared to the values observed in the samples dried at higher drying temperatures. Significant losses of vitamin C were determined in all drying systems. The lycopene content under all experimental conditions generally showed a tendency to decrease slightly. Comparing its content in dry and fresh tomato fruits, the loss ranged from 4.94% to 19.98% but did not reach the significant level as the occurrence remained below 95% of cases.Cilj ove studije bio je pronalaženje optimalnog načina sušenja paradajza u tunelskom tipu sušara kako bi se smanjili gubici vrednosti nutritijenata kod sušenog proizvoda paradajza. U ovom istraživanju korišćena je domaća sorta paradajza (SP-109). Istraživanje je izvedeno u tunelskom tipu sušara na tri načina u pet temperaturnih režima. Sušenje je izvedeno u sistemu paralelnog (varijanta 1 na 70-80 oC, varijanta 2 na 90-75 oC), suprotnosmernom (varijanta 1 na 55-65 oC, varijanta 2 na 65-75 oC) i kombinovanog sistema strujanja vazduha (85-55 oC i 55- 65 oC). U ovim sistemima sušenja praćena je kinetika promena nutritivnih vrednosti ploda paradajza: sadržaj ugljenih hidrata (%), likopena i askorbinske kiseline (vitamin C). Utvrđeni su različiti uticaji temperaturnih režima na nivou statističke razlike (LSD 0.05; 0.01) ispitivanih sistema za nutritivnu vrednost sušenog paradajza. Paralelni sistem je bio statistički značajan za razlike u varijanti temperature 1 i varijanti 2. Prateći kinetiku sušenja paradajza utvrđeno je da u svim varijantama period konstantnog sušenja traje oko 3,5 časa i da je za ukupno sušenje najbrži paralelni protok toplog vazduha i materijala. Sadržaj ugljenih hidrata u uzorcima paradajza koji su sušeni na nižim temperaturama bio je veći u poređenju sa sadržajem ugljenih hidrata koji je utvpđen u uzorcima osušenim na višim temperaturama sušenja. Na nižim temperaturama njihov sadržaj je bio veći nego kod viših temperatura sušenja. Značajni gubici vitamina C određeni su u svim sistemima sušenja. Vrednost likopena u svim eksperimentalnim uslovima sušenja pokazuje tendenciju blagog smanjenja. Poredeći sadržaj u suvim i svežim plodovima paradajza, gubitak je bio od 4,94% do 19,98%, ali ne na značajnom nivou

Rasprostranjenost i značaj prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti lista i krastavosti plodova paprike i paradajza

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato regularly causes losses in production in Serbia. According to the new systematization, four Xanthomonas species have been reported as causal agents of leaf spots of pepper and tomato: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri. Due to wide distribution and great damage at the global level, X. euvesicatoria is considered one of the most significant parasitic bacteria of pepper. Causal agent of the bacterial spot on tomato in Serbia is X. vesicatoria. Occurrence of of both species is observed every year under Serbian agroecological conditions, mainly due to the cultivation of susceptible assortment and conditions which are suitable for disease development. The disease is seed transmitted and it can cause defoliation and crop degradation if conditions suitable for its development occur. Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato cannot be combatted easily and application of several cultivation practices including conventional or microbial preparations - biopesticides is therefore required. The existence of natural antagonists (bacteriophage) isolated from soil has been confirmed, which could be used for biological control of pepper bacterial spot. In the absence of effective preventive measures, the solution should be sought within an integrated approach - the synthesis of knowledge about the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, crop production technology, as well as bactericidal effect of some natural agents.Prema najnovijoj sistematici kao prouzrokovači bakteriozne pegavosti paprike i paradajza navode se četiri vrste roda Xanthomonas: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans i X. gardneri. Prema rasprostranjenosti i štetama koje nanosi, prouzrokovač bakteriozne pegavosti lišća i krastavosti plodova X. euvesicatoria spada u najznačajnije bakterije parazite paprike u svetu, dok se u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije, usled gajenja osetljivog sortimenta i povoljnih uslova za razvoj bolesti, pojavljuje svake godine u većem ili manjem intenzitetu. Kao prouzrokovač ovog oboljenja na paradajzu navodi se X. vesicatoria. Bakterije se prenose semenom i u povoljnim uslovima za razvoj bolesti, mogu prouzrokovati plamenjaču, potpunu defolijaciju i izumiranje biljaka. U zaštiti od bakteriozne pegavosti paprike i paradajza potrebno je preduzeti niz mera koje podrazumevaju korišćenje konvencionalnih, ali i bioloških preparata. Utvrđeno je postojanje prirodnih antagonista (bakteriofaga) izolovanih iz zemljišta koji se mogu koristiti u biološkoj borbi. U nedostatku efikasnih mera, rešenje treba tražiti u integralnom pristupu, odnosno sintezi saznanja o biologiji i epidemiologiji patogena, tehnologiji biljne proizvodnje, kao i baktericidnom efektu pojedinih prirodnih agenasa

Zaštita paprike i paradajza od prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti lista i krastavosti plodova

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato caused by Xanthomonas species, is one of the widespread and economically most important diseases of pepper and tomato. Due to the lack of resistant pepper and tomato genotypes, the emergence of new races of bacteria, and strains resistant to copper compounds, questionable seed quality and limited control practices, thesebacteria are limiting pepper production in Serbia. On tomato plants, under favourable weather conditions for disease development, these bacteria can cause major damage reflected in overall yield as well as in fruit quality. The protection of pepper and tomato, based on chemical methods such as use of copper-based compounds in combination with ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamates, do not provide a satisfactory disease control. Use of antibiotics in plant protection is not permitted in the EU as well as in Serbia. However, results of many authors show that satisfactory control of bacterial spot can be achieved by integrating positive effect of chemical treatments (copper compounds, systemic resistance activators) and various biological methods (antagonists, bacteriophages). However, nature of biological agents, as well as the specific mechanism of action of the systemic resistance activators, require careful optimization of the time and number of treatments in order to achieve maximum efficiency.Bakteriozna pegavost lista i krastavost plodova prouzrokovana Xanthomonas vrstama, je jedna od najrasprostranjenijih i ekonomski najznačajnijih bolesti paprike i paradajza u svetu. Usled nedostatka otpornih genotipova paprike i paradajza, pojave novih rasa bakterije, sojeva rezistentnih prema jedinjenjima bakra, sumnjivog kvaliteta semena i ograničenih mera kontrole, ova bakterioza predstavlja ograničavajući faktor proizvodnje paprike u Srbiji. Kada vremenski uslovi pogoduju razvoju bolesti na biljkama paradajza, ova bakterioza može prouzrokovati velike gubitke usled smanjenja ukupnog prinosa i kvaliteta plodova koji nisu pogodni za industrijsku preradu. U zaštiti paprike i paradajza kod nas dominiraju hemijske mere borbe, odnosno korišćenje preparata na bazi jedinjenja bakra u kombinaciji sa etilenbis-ditiokarbamatima koji ne obezbeđuju zadovoljavajući efekat zaštite. Antibiotici se ne mogu primenjivati usled zakonskih ograničenja u Evropskoj uniji. Integracijom pozitivnog efekta hemijskih metoda (bakarni preparati, aktivatori sistemične otpornosti) i različitih bioloških metoda (antagonostički sojevi bakterija, bakteriofagi) može se postići zadovoljavajući efekat zaštite. Priroda bioloških agenasa, kao i specifičan mehanizam dejstva aktivatora sistemične otpornosti, zahtevaju pažljivu optimizaciju vremena i broja tretmana kako bi se postigla maksimalna efikasnost

Rasprostranjenost i značaj prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti lista i krastavosti plodova paprike i paradajza

Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato regularly causes losses in production in Serbia. According to the new systematization, four Xanthomonas species have been reported as causal agents of leaf spots of pepper and tomato: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri. Due to wide distribution and great damage at the global level, X. euvesicatoria is considered one of the most significant parasitic bacteria of pepper. Causal agent of the bacterial spot on tomato in Serbia is X. vesicatoria. Occurrence of of both species is observed every year under Serbian agroecological conditions, mainly due to the cultivation of susceptible assortment and conditions which are suitable for disease development. The disease is seed transmitted and it can cause defoliation and crop degradation if conditions suitable for its development occur. Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato cannot be combatted easily and application of several cultivation practices including conventional or microbial preparations - biopesticides is therefore required. The existence of natural antagonists (bacteriophage) isolated from soil has been confirmed, which could be used for biological control of pepper bacterial spot. In the absence of effective preventive measures, the solution should be sought within an integrated approach - the synthesis of knowledge about the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, crop production technology, as well as bactericidal effect of some natural agents.Prema najnovijoj sistematici kao prouzrokovači bakteriozne pegavosti paprike i paradajza navode se četiri vrste roda Xanthomonas: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans i X. gardneri. Prema rasprostranjenosti i štetama koje nanosi, prouzrokovač bakteriozne pegavosti lišća i krastavosti plodova X. euvesicatoria spada u najznačajnije bakterije parazite paprike u svetu, dok se u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije, usled gajenja osetljivog sortimenta i povoljnih uslova za razvoj bolesti, pojavljuje svake godine u većem ili manjem intenzitetu. Kao prouzrokovač ovog oboljenja na paradajzu navodi se X. vesicatoria. Bakterije se prenose semenom i u povoljnim uslovima za razvoj bolesti, mogu prouzrokovati plamenjaču, potpunu defolijaciju i izumiranje biljaka. U zaštiti od bakteriozne pegavosti paprike i paradajza potrebno je preduzeti niz mera koje podrazumevaju korišćenje konvencionalnih, ali i bioloških preparata. Utvrđeno je postojanje prirodnih antagonista (bakteriofaga) izolovanih iz zemljišta koji se mogu koristiti u biološkoj borbi. U nedostatku efikasnih mera, rešenje treba tražiti u integralnom pristupu, odnosno sintezi saznanja o biologiji i epidemiologiji patogena, tehnologiji biljne proizvodnje, kao i baktericidnom efektu pojedinih prirodnih agenasa

Karakterizacija sojeva Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, patogena paprike u Srbiji

During spring and summer of 2008, 101 bacterial strains was isolated from the diseased pepper leaves collected from different pepper growing areas in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of this research was to characterize the isolated strains and determine their taxonomic position according to the most recent nomenclature. Pathogenic, biochemical and physiological characteristics of isolated bacteria were tested using standard bacteriological tests. The pathogen races were determined according to the reaction of differential varieties of Early Calwonder (ECW), their isogenic lines (ECW-10R, ECW-20R, ECW-30R) and Capsicum pubescens. The sensitivity of strains to bactericides was studied in vitro by culturing bacteria on sucrose pepton agar (SPA) plates, amended with filter-sterilized aqueous solution of streptomycin and kasugamycin (50, 100, 200 ppm) or copper-sulphate (100, 200 ppm). Based on pathogenic, biochemical and physiological characteristics, the investigated strains belonged to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. The reaction of pepper differential varieties indicated that these strains belonged to pepper races P1, P3, P7, P8. Streptomycin resistant strains were not detected, but 6 strains were resistant to kasugamycin (50 ppm) and 13 strains to copper-sulphate (200 ppm), indicating bacterial resistance development.Tokom 2008. godine prikupljeni su uzorci obolelog lišća paprike sa simptomima bakteriozne pegavosti iz različitih lokaliteta Republike Srbije. Izolacijom iz zaraženih listova dobijen je 101 soj bakterija. Cilj ovog rada je proučavanje odlika i identifikacija izolovanih sojeva bakterije u skladu sa najnovijom nomenklaturom. Patogene i biohemijsko-fiziološke karakteristike sojeva proučene su korišćenjem standardnih bakterioloških testova. Određivanje fizioloških rasa bakterijske populacije izvršeno je na osnovu reakcije diferencijalnih sorti paprike Early Calwonder (ECW), njenih izogenih linija (ECW-10, ECW-20 ECW-30) i reakcijom sorte Capsicum pubescens. Proučena je osetljivost sojeva u in vitro uslovima na streptomicin, kasugamicin i bakar-sulfat. Rezultati proučavanja biohemijsko-fizioloških odlika sojeva ukazuju da naši sojevi pripadaju genetičkoj grupi 'A', odnosno vrsti Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. Proučavani sojevi, takođe, predstavljaju heterogenu populaciju u kojoj su zastupljene četiri fiziološke rase bakterije X. euvesicatoria (P1, P3, P7, P8). Sojevi rezistentni na streptomicin nisu detektovani ovim istraživanjima. Otpornost na 50 ppm kasugamicina utvrđena je kod 6 sojeva, a 13 sojeva je bilo otporno na 200 ppm bakar-sulfata. Prikazani rezultati ukazuju na opasnost od razvoja rezistentnosti bakterija na ova jedinjenja

Bakteriozna mrljavost plodova lubenice u Srbiji

During the summer of 2014, watermelon producers in the north of Serbia (Srem district), observed the occurrence of irregularly shaped, water-soaked lesions on mature watermelon fruits indicating possible bacterial nature of the disease. Bacteria were isolated from symptomatic samples and identified as Acidovorax citrulli, previously described as a causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch. In the past few years, this pathogen caused considerable damage to the watermelon industry of the United States where, in some commercial production sectors, the loss of marketable fruit reached 90%. In Serbia, it is considered a quarantine pathogen and was not recorded until 2014.U leto 2014. godine, proizvođači lubenice iz sremskog okruga uočili su pojavu simptoma u vidu pega vodenastog izgleda i nepravilnog oblika na zrelim plodovima lubenice, koji su ukazivali na oboljenje bakteriozne prirode. Izolacijom i identifikacijom patogena, utvrđeno je prisustvo bakterije Acidovorax citrulli, prouzrokovača bakteriozne mrljavosti plodova lubenice. Ova vrsta je u skorije vreme dosta dobila na značaju, posebno zbog gubitaka u proizvodnji koji su u pojedinim oblastima Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (SAD) dostizali i 90% od ukupnog prinosa. U Srbiji A. citrulli ima karantinski status i nalazi se na A1 listi Evropske i mediteranske organizacije za zaštitu bilja (EPPO)