Funkce jihomoravského venkova v současném období

The submitted thesis deals with functions of the current South Moravian countryside. This region was divided into four types of countryside, where model micro-regions were chosen. A typology of countryside functions that results from the analyses of professional and thematic publications and documents was suggested. Main objective of this thesis is to specify and analyses the current functions of the South Moravian countryside. The first part is aimed at the statistical analysis of micro - regions modeling. The following part is aimed at the specific functions of different types of countryside based on a questionnaire and an enquiry survey. Thesis findings confirm that the current countryside serves several functions. They are mutually conditioned and they influence each other. It is important to search for equilibrium in the development of particular functions. In addition, it was proved that there has been a certain link between the types of the countryside and their functions. Analysis of the countryside functions is particularly beneficial for understanding of the countryside role and its future form. The image of the countryside will be determined by the relation among individual functions. The current countryside fulfills three following main functions: residential, production and recreation. They are bound to other functions. A noticeable growing dependence of the individual countryside functions on EU subsidy system has been shown from the enquiry. To some extent the selected statistical indicators quantify the suggested functions

Closed system for bovine oocyte vitrification

The aim of our study was to develop a vitrification carrier for bovine oocyte cryopreservation. The carrier was to be cheap enough, elementary in its construction and meet contemporary requirements for a safe closed system. In a closed system, a cell is prevented from direct exposure to liquid nitrogen, thus minimizing the risk of cross-contamination. Furthermore, two questions regarding the proper vitrification technique were resolved: if it is necessary to partially denude the oocytes before the vitrification process or whether intact cumulus oocyte complexes should be frozen; and if it is more advantageous to preheat the vitrification solutions to female body temperature (39 °C) or to keep them at room temperature. Our results show that it is better to partially denude the oocytes prior to vitrification because cryopreserved intact cumulus oocyte complexes often proved dark, non-homogeneous or fragmented cytoplasm after warming, with many of them having visibly widened perivitelline spaces or fractured zonae pellucidae as a result of extensive damage during vitrification. Consequently, intact cumulus oocyte complexes showed significantly lower numbers of cleavage stage embryos on Day 3 compared to partially denuded oocytes (7.4% and 26%, respectively). On the other hand, the survival rate and following development of fertilized oocytes in preheated vitrification solution were equal to results reached at room temperature conditions. In conclusion, results achieved with the newly developed carrier were comparable to previously published studies and therefore they could be recommended for common use

Changes Of A Rural Landscape In Czech Areas Of Different Types

The paper deals with the macrostructural and microstructural landscape changes in six selected microregions in Moravia and eastern Bohemia. Changes of the landscape macrostructure were evaluated based on the statistical data from 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2013. Changes of the landscape microstructure were compared on the base of old maps, aerial images and field experiences. According to the available data the area of an arable land was the largest in 1845. Since then it has been decreasing – more in mountain areas, less in lowland ones where it was replaced by forests, grasslands and urban areas, depending on the vegetation period, physical character and vicinity of urban centres. Results show that the microstructure recorded great changes during the communist period: large expanses of fields, irrigation and drainage measures, windbreaks, non-rural buildings in the countryside. Contemporary changes are connected mostly with urbanisation of the landscape

Evaluation of Land Consolidation Process by Rural Stakeholders

Příspěvek je zaměřen na současný stav pozemkových úprav v Česku. Výzkum vychází z dotazníkového šetření, distribuovaného elektronicky do obcí a k relevantním subjektům (zemědělské organizace, rolníci) v územích, kde pozemkové úpravy proběhly, probíhají nebo jsou připravovány. Individuální rolníci a představitelé obcí vnímají pozemkové úpravy jako opatření k průchodnosti krajiny, její ochranu před erozí a záplavami. Pro podniky jsou pozemkové úpravy důležité kvůli ujasnění vlastnických otázek a obnovení potřeb krajiny. Asi polovina respondentů je přesvědčena, že opatření přinášejí spíše pozitiva, zatímco 41% v nich spatřuje především problémy. Negativa, spojená s pozemkovými úpravami spočívají především v časových prodlevách a náročné administrativě; v případě podniků také v komplikacích s obhospodařováním půdy. Nicméně 75% malých rolníků a obcí a 62% zemědělských podniků mají zájem na pozemkových úpravách. Hlavní rozdíly mezi malými rolníky a zemědělskými podniky spočívají v postoji ke snižování rozlohy pozemků a jejich rozdělování společnými zařízeními