Medical Management of the Paranasal Sinus Infections

Rhinosinusitis is a common disease among all the sinus diseases, and unsuccessful attempts to these infections may result not only in economic burdens but also in increasing the numbers of untreated patients in the community. Medical management of the rhinosinusitis includes antibiotics, antihistamines, nasal decongestants, corticosteroids, mucolytics, leukotriene antagonists, and nasal irrigations. Each treatment option must be selected for appropriate patient and prescriptions must be tailored according to the patient’s need. These needs must depend on the endoscopic examination, symptoms, and sinus cultures and computed tomography. It is also a matter of debate whether these investigations lead to treatment or not, but it would be wrong to expect that a single examination method and physical examination alone should direct treatment in the first place. As a result, managing the process with the most appropriate examination methods for the patient’s complaints will be the most beneficial approach

The effects of Euro/TL volatility on the performance of Turkey - European Union trade: empirical evidence

Bu çalışmada; 1996-2011 döneminde, Euro/TL kurundaki dalgalanmaların Türkiye-AB ticaretini nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle Philips-Perron ve KPSS birim kök testleri ve daha sonra da, Zivot-Andrews ve Lee- Strazicich yapısal kırılma testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son olarak ise, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin yönünü belirlemek amacıyla Dolado-Lütkepohl Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmış ve Türkiye-AB ticaretinde çift yönlü nedensellik tespit edilmiştir.In this study the effect of Euro/TL exchange rate fluctuations on Turkey-EU trade is analyzed for 1996-2011 period. In this context, the Philips-Perron and KPSS unit root tests are carried out first. In addition, the Zivot-Andrews and Lee-Strazicich structural break tests were also performed. Finally, Dolado-Lutkepohl Granger causality test was applied in order to determine the direction of the relationship between the variables. The tests revealed a bi-directional causality in Turkey-EU trade

Ekonomik büyüme ve borsa getirisi arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği

Financial development is one of the most important determinants of the economic development. Financial developments in Turkey began in the early 1980s and still have continued. During this period, it has survived a severe interaction between financial development and economic growth. In this study, the causality relationship between stock returns and economic growth in Turkey it was analysed over the period 1998Q2-2014Q2. In this context; firstly, Bootstrapped Toda-Yamamoto and Frequency Domain causality tests were applied in order to understand the causality relationship between the two variables. As a result of the Bootstrapped Toda-Yamamoto causality test results, there is no relation of causality between the variables, but according to Frequency Domain causality test stock returns cause the economic growth in short term and economic growth cause stock returns in medium term.Finansal gelişme ekonomik kalkınmanın en önemli belirleyicilerinden birisidir. Türkiye’de finansal gelişme 1980’li yılların başında başlamış ve halen de devam etmektedir. Geçen süre içerisinde finansal gelişme ile ekonomik kalkınma arasında ciddi bir etkileşim yaşanagelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 1998Q2-2014Q2 döneminde borsa getirisi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, iki değişken arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini tespit etmek amacıyla Bootstrap tabanlı Toda-Yamamoto ve frekans dağılımı nedensellik testleri uygulanmıştır. Bootstrap tabanlı Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmamaktadır. Fakat, frekans dağılımı nedensellik testi göstermektedir ki; borsa getirisi kısa dönemde ekonomik büyümenin ve ekonomik büyüme de orta dönemde borsa getirisinin nedenidir

Euro/TL Volatilitesinin Türkiye - Avrupa Birliği Ticaret Performansı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Ampirik Bulgular

In this study the effect of Euro/TL exchange rate fluctuations on Turkey-EU trade is analyzed for 1996-2011 period. In this context, the Philips-Perron and KPSS unit root tests are carried out first. In addition, the Zivot-Andrews and Lee-Strazicich structural break tests were also performed. Finally, Dolado-Lutkepohl Granger causality test was applied in order to determine the direction of the relationship between the variables. The tests revealed a bi-directional causality in Turkey-EU trade.Bu çalışmada; 1996-2011 döneminde, Euro/TL kurundaki dalgalanmaların Türkiye-AB ticaretini nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle Philips-Perron ve KPSS birim kök testleri ve daha sonra da, Zivot-Andrews ve Lee- Strazicich yapısal kırılma testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son olarak ise, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin yönünü belirlemek amacıyla Dolado-Lütkepohl Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmış ve Türkiye-AB ticaretinde çift yönlü nedensellik tespit edilmiştir

Gömülü kaninlerin transmigrasyon insidansının belirlenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanı amacı gömülü kanin dişler arsında transmigrant kanin insidansının belirlenmesi ve transmigrant kanin dişlerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada Ankara Üniversitesi Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalında 2012 yılında tarafımızdan gömülü kanin diş sebebiyle muayene ve tedavi edilmiş 121 hastaya ait (36 erkek, 85 kadın) klinik ve panoramik radyografi görüntüleri retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiş ve transmigrant kanin içeren vakalar yaş, cinsiyet, pozisyon, lokalizasyon,tedavi protokolleri ve sınıflama açısından istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiş ve görülme sıklığı belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: 4 hasta veri eksikliği nedeniyle çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. 117 hastada 146 kanin dişinin içerisinde 3 ü üst çene (1 erkek, 2 kadın) 10’u alt çene(2 erkek, 8 kadın) de olmak üzere 13 (3 erkek,10 kadın) tek taraflı transmigrant kanin bulunmuştur. Ortalama yaş 32.38 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Alt çenede görülenlerde Sınıf 1(%50) en sık rastlanılan pozisyon olmuştur. 8 dişin tedavisi çekim ile yapılırken 5 dişin tedavisinde takipyapılması uygun görülmüştür.. Gömülü kaninler arasında transmigrasyon görülme insidansı %8.90 olup bu oran üst çenede %2.52 olarak bulunmuşken alt çenede %37.03 olarak belirlenmiştir.Sonuçlar: Transmigrasyon görülme insidansı alt çenede üst çeneye oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksektir (p<0.05). Diş hekimlerinin yalnızca klinik muayene ile tespit edilemeyecek transmigrasyon ile karşılaşabileceklerinin farkında olmaları ve radyografik muayenelerini ihmal etmemeleri gerekmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: transmigrasyon; gömülü kanin; alt çene; üst çen

Predictive value of atrial electromechanical delay for atrial fibrillation recurrence

Background: We investigated the predictive value of atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) for recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) at 1-month after cardioversion.Methods: Seventy-seven patients with persistent AF were evaluated and finally 50 patients (12 men, 38 women) were included. All patients underwent transthoracic electrical DC cardioversion under amiodarone treatment. AEMD was measured as the time interval from the onset of the P wave on electrogram (ECG) to the beginning of late diastolic wave (Am) from the ventricular annulus and atrial walls on tissue Doppler imaging, in the apical 4-chamber view 24 h after cardiversion. P wave maximum-duration (Pmax), P wave minimum-duration (Pmin) and P wave dispersion-duration (Pdis) were calculated on the 12-lead ECG at 24-h postcardioversion. We followed the heart rate and rhythm by 12-lead ECG at 24-h, 1-week and 1-month.Results: At 1-month follow-up after cardioversion, 28 (56%) patients were in sinus rhythm (SR), whereas 22 (44%) patients reverted to AF. The AEMD durations were longer in AF group than SR group (p < 0.001) and were signifi cantly correlated with Pmax and Pdis (p < 0.001 for both). For AF recurrence; duration of AF, left atrial (LA) diameter, maximum LA volume index, mitral A velocity and LA lateral AEMD were significant parameters in univariate-analysis, however LA lateral AEMD was the only significant parameter in multivariate-analysis (OR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.02–2.11; p = 0.03).Conclusions: Our results suggest that AEMD is associated with an increased risk of recurrence of AF within 1-month. These data may have implications for the identification of patients who are most likely to experience substantial benefit from cardiversion therapy for AF

Evaluation of the Prognostic Importance of c-Myc and Bcl-2 Expressions and the Presence of Epstein-Barr Virus in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objective: Although classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has a relatively good prognosis, it also entails different treatment responses and involves patients who have different clinical courses. Our aim was to investigate c-Myc, Bcl-2 and EBV biomarkers in cHL and their relationship with the IPS score. Material and Method: c-Myc and Bcl-2 immunohistochemical staining with EBER in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) was applied to the paraffin sections of 94 cases diagnosed as cHL. These cases were classified into two groups as low and high clinical symptoms according to the International Prognostic Scores (IPS). Results: Positive results were obtained in 83 (88.3%) cases with c-Myc and 39 (43.5%) cases with Bcl-2 while EBER-ISH was found positive in 42 (44.7%) cases. No difference was found between the groups of low/high IP scores with respect to the positive or negative results of EBER-ISH, Bcl-2 and c-Myc. When Bcl-2 and c-Myc positive cases were grouped together and compared to the IP scores of the remaining cHL cases, again no difference was seen. Extranodal involvement and bone marrow involvement was observed in 25 (26.5%) and 9 (9.5%) cases, respectively. Similarly, no statistically significant differences was found between these groups according to their positivity with EBER-ISH, Bcl-2 and c-Myc. Conclusion: We could not find any relationship between Bcl-2, c-Myc and EBER-ISH positivity and the low/high IPS groups in cHL. New studies with larger series are needed in which more precise cut-off values are used and clinically and biologically heterogeneous groups of cHL patients are determined more clearly

A Case of Cranial Meningioma with Symptoms Similar to Nasopharyngeal Mass

Meningiomas are generally slow-growing benign tumors associated with the dura. They form lumps that mostly grow extra-axially, by repulsing, rather than infiltrating the surrounding neural parenchyma. Majority of meningiomas are intracranial. However, although rare, meningioma formation has been reported in almost all other organs. We report the case of a patient with an extra- neuraxial meningioma presenting as a nasopharyngeal mas

Asymptomatic lung ınvolvement ın eosinophilic granuloma ( case report )

Eozinofilik granulom nadir görülen Langerhans hücreli histiositozdur. Akciğer, lenf bezleri, kemik, göz, deri ve hipotalamus etkilenebilir. Akciğer tutulumu olan hastaların %20 'si asemptomatiktir. Bu yazıda başağrısı ile başvuran eozinofilik granulomlu bir hastada asemptomatik akciğer tutulumu sunulmaktadır.Eosinophilic granuloma is rarely seen form of Langerhans cell histicytosis. Lungs, lymph nodes, bones, eyes and hypothalamus may be involved. 20% of the patients with lung involvement are asymptomatic. In this article, asymptomatic lung involvement in a patient with eosinophilic granuloma who was admitted with headache is presented

The Impact of Pressure Dressing on Post-Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia: Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of pressure dressing on complications after total thyroidectomy and its correlation with serum calcium levels.Methods:The study involved 112 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Patients were randomized into two groups-with and without pressure dressing-and followed prospectively. The calcium levels were measured at 6, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, respectively. Hypocalcemia was diagnosed when patients were symptomatic or calcium level was below 8.0 mg/dL. Dressing and drain were removed at the 48th hour of postoperatively.Results:No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age; gender; thyroid gland weight; calcium concentrations at the 6th, 24th, and 48th hours; total drain liquid; and hypocalcemia rates. Postoperative hematoma developed in 7.1% of the cases and was statistically higher in the without-dressing group compared to with-dressing group. Thyroid gland weight was correlated positively with total drain liquid. There was no correlation between thyroid gland weight and total drain liquid level and 6th-, 24th-, and 48th-hour calcium levels.Conclusion:Pressure dressing after total thyroidectomy significantly reduces postoperative hematoma. Postoperative serum calcium levels were slightly higher in the pressure dressing group but not statistically significant