190 research outputs found
Vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination in a district of Istanbul
BACKGROUND: In order to control and eliminate the vaccine preventable diseases it is important to know the vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination. The primary objective of this study was to determine the complete vaccination rate; the reasons for non-vaccination and the predictors that influence vaccination of children. The other objective was to determine coverage of measles vaccination of the Measles Immunization Days (MID) 2005 for children aged 9 month to 6 years in a region of Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS: A '30 × 7' cluster sampling design was used as the sampling method. Thirty streets were selected at random from study area. Survey data were collected by a questionnaire which was applied face to face to parents of 221 children. A Chi-square test and logistic regression was used for the statistical analyses. Content analysis method was used to evaluate the open-ended questions. RESULTS: The complete vaccination rate for study population was 84.5% and 3.2% of all children were totally non-vaccinated. The siblings of non-vaccinated children were also non-vaccinated. Reasons for non-vaccination were as follows: being in the village and couldn't reach to health care services; having no knowledge about vaccination; the father of child didn't allow vaccination; intercurrent illness of child during vaccination time; missed opportunities like not to shave off a vial for only one child. In logistic regression analysis, paternal and maternal levels of education and immigration time of both parents to Istanbul were found to influence whether children were completely vaccinated or non-vaccinated. Measles vaccination coverage during MID was 79.3%. CONCLUSION: Efforts to increase vaccination coverage should take reasons for non-vaccination into account
Massive random matrix ensembles at beta = 1 & 4 : QCD in three dimensions
The zero momentum sectors in effective theories of three dimensional QCD
coupled to pseudoreal (two colors) and real (adjoint) quarks in a classically
parity-invariant manner have alternative descriptions in terms of orthogonal
and symplectic ensembles of random matrices. Using this correspondence, we
compute finite-volume QCD partition functions and correlation functions of
Dirac operator eigenvalues in a presence of finite quark masses of the order of
the smallest Dirac eigenvalue. These novel correlation functions, expressed in
terms of quaternion determinants, are reduced to conventional results for the
Gaussian ensembles in the quenched limit.Comment: 26 pages, REVTeX 3.1 + mathlett.sty (attached), 4 figure
Universality in Chiral Random Matrix Theory at and
In this paper the kernel for the spectral correlation functions of the
invariant chiral random matrix ensembles with real () and quaternion
real () matrix elements is expressed in terms of the kernel of the
corresponding complex Hermitean random matrix ensembles (). Such
identities are exact in case of a Gaussian probability distribution and, under
certain smoothness assumptions, they are shown to be valid asymptotically for
an arbitrary finite polynomial potential. They are proved by means of a
construction proposed by Br\'ezin and Neuberger. Universal behavior at the hard
edge of the spectrum for all three chiral ensembles then follows from
microscopic universality for as shown by Akemann, Damgaard, Magnea
and Nishigaki.Comment: 4 pages, modified discussion of edge contributions and corrected
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Synthesis, Characterization, Solvatochromic Properties, and Antimicrobial-radical Scavenging Activities of New Diazo Dyes Derived from Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
5-Amino-3-methyl-4-phenylazo-1H-pyrazole and ethyl cyanoacetate reacted in solvent-free media at 150°C to produce 7-amino-3-phenylazo-2-methyl-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-one (3). A series of aromatic amines was coupled using this compound (3) and nitrous acid to produce new pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives with two arylazo groups 4(a-m). The structures of these dyes were determined via UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectral data, and elemental analysis. After synthesis, the solvent and acid–base effects of the dyes were investigated within the UV–vis region. The antimicrobial properties of the dyes were also studied. All dyes exhibited activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and even against fungi. The results were compared to conventional reference results from the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole. Antioxidant potentials were analyzed using in vitro antioxidant models on the basis of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities. Most of the compounds exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. In particular, compound 4b had a higher activity than Vitamin C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of 4-imino-3-arylazo-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-2-oles
4-Imino-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3] benzothiazole-2-one (3) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole with ethyl cyanoacetate in solvent free conditions at 150°C. A series of pyrimido benzothiazole-based azo dyes 4( a-m) were obtained by the coupling of carbocyclic amine-based diazonium chloride with compound (3). The synthesized dyes were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and high-resolution mass spectral data. The solvatochromic behaviors of dyes in various solvents were examined. All the azo dyes exhibited pronounced in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. The results revealed that most of the compounds exhibited good levels of antibacterial activity. Compounds 4d and 4h showed excellent levels of antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 8.25 μg/mL. © Springer Science+Business Media 2014
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