Investigation of changes in liver microanatomy in the steatosis model created by permanent canula in rats

Objective: The knowledge of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is limited to the findings from available suitable models for this disease. A number of rodent models have been described in which relevant liver pathology develops in an appropriate metabolic context. In this experimental study, it was aimed to create a new liver fat model by giving fat from the portal vein of rats and to visualize the changes in the liver with advanced microscopic techniques.Methods: 28 female rats were used in the study. Permanent intraabdominal cannulas were inserted into the portal vein of the rats. Rats were randomly divided four group. Intralipid 20% substance was injected through cannula to the experimental groups during the test period. Control group received saline at the same rate. At the end of the experiment, the animals were visualized with a laser speckle microscope and livers were divided into sections according to the stereological method. The sections were painted with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Oil red o, Masson trichoma, Bodipy, Nile red. Sections were evaluated under a microscope.Results: Ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the 2 week intralipid group. In the 1 week intralipid group, the rate of parenchyma decreased while the sinusoid rate increased, and sinusoid rate increased significantly in the 2 week intralipid (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, steatohepatitis was detected in the 2 week intralipid, whereas only steatosis was observed in the 1 week intralipid. Thus, it was concluded that the newly formed rat model causes steatosis

Re-evaluation of the symptoms of Hirayama disease through anatomical perspective

Hirayama disease is a rare disease of the anterior horn motor neuron caused by compression of the cervical spinal cord when the neck is flexed. Cervical myelopathy may accompany the disease. It is characterized by symmetrical or asymmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy of muscles innervated by lower cervical and upper thoracic motor neurons. We recorded two male cases of Hirayama disease between the ages of 15 and 21 based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features obtained from the cervical neutral state and from the flexion position which appeared in the right upper extremity. Loss of strength and atrophy in the right upper extremities was existent in clinical findings of these patients. When MRI was taken in the flexion position, there were dilated veins as hypointense signal void on T2 weighted series in posterior epidural area. The contrast enhancement was seen on these veins. It was observed that the posterior dura was displaced anteriorly and the anterior subarachnoid space was narrow. In cases which show clinical findings such as atrophy and loss of strength, having normal MRI results obtained in the neutral position makes it difficult to diagnose Hirayama Disease. In case of a suspicion of Hirayama disease the diagnosis can be made more easily by MRI taken in the flexion position. These case reports aim to bring Hirayama disease to mind and optimize the management of affected individuals

Arum macalatum bitkisinin yara iyileştirici aktivitesi

Objective: In this study, the antioxidant properties of Arum maculatum plant were evaluated. This study reported for the first time the wound healing activity of the methanol extract of A. maculatum fruits. This study aimed to assess and determine the possible pharmacological activities of A. maculatum and evaluate its potential to act as a wound care plant. Methods: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of A. maculatum were investigated using excisional in vivo and in vitro wound healing mouse models. A total of 32 Balb-c mice were used, which were equally, divided into four groups: saline control group, control group, A. maculatum group, and Centella asiatica extract group. Treatment applications were performed topically once per day. Wound area narrowing, wound healing percentage, and epithelialization time were analyzed. Results: A. maculatum application supported the healing process in in vivo and in vitro wound models. A. maculatum contributed to the healing process by promoting granulation tissue formation, epidermal regeneration, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Wound healing is a complex and well-organized process that requires communication between cells. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of A. maculatum extract have been determined by current studies. A. maculatum extract may provide significant benefits in promoting the wound healing process.Amaç: Bu araştırmada antioksidan özelliklerini değerlendirmek için Arum maculatum bitkisi seçilmiştir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla A. maculatum meyvelerinin metanol özünün yara iyileştirici aktivitesi ilk kez bu çalışmada rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, A. maculatum’un olası farmakolojik aktivitelerini belirlemek, değerlendirmek ve bir yara tedavi edici bitki olarak etki gösterme potansiyelini değerlendirmek içindi. Yöntemler: A. maculatum’un antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri, farelerde eksizyonel in vivo ve in vitro yara iyileşme modelleri kulanılarak araştırılmıştır. Toplamda 32 Balb-c fare kullanılmış olup salin kontrol grubu, kontrol grubu, A. maculatum uygulanan grup ve Centella asiatica özütü uygulanan grup olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Tedavi uygulamaları günde bir kez topikal olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Skar alanı hacminde gerçekleşen değişim, yara iyileşme yüzdesi ve epitelizasyon süresi analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: A. maculatum uygulaması in vivo ve in vitro yara modelinde iyileşme sürecini desteklemiştir. A. maculatum, granülasyon dokusunu artırarak iyileşme sürecine katkıda bulunmuş, epidermal rejenerasyonu ve anjiyogenezi artırmıştır. Sonuçlar: Yara iyileşmesi, hücreler arası iletişimi gerektiren karmaşık ve iyi organize edilmiş bir süreçtir. Mevcut çalışmalar doğrultusunda antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi belirlenmiş olan A. maculatum özü, yara iyileşme sürecinin desteklenmesinde önemli bir fayda sağlayabilir

Serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block: A technical report on the description of a novel periparavertebral block for thoracic pain

Background and objectiveWe report a novel block technique aimed to provide thoracic analgesia: the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane (SPSIP) block.DesignA cadaveric evaluation along with a retrospective case series evaluating the potential analgesic effect of the SPSIP block. This study included one unembalmed cadaver and five patients. InterventionsBilateral ultrasound-guided SPSIP block was used on cadavers with 30 mL of methylene blue 0.5% on each side; single-injection SPSIP blocks were used in patients. To measure results, dye spread was used in the cadaver, and dermatomal/pain score evaluation was used in patients.Main resultsAnatomical investigation in one unembalmed cadaver shows that its mechanism of action covers the rhomboid major muscle, erector spinae muscle, the deep fascia of the subscapularis/serratus anterior muscles, and intercostal nerves. In our patients, SPSIP resulted in an almost complete sensory block in the back of the neck, shoulder, and hemithorax.ConclusionOur cadaveric study shows extensive dye spread from C7 to T7. Patients who were administrated SPSIP block reported consistent dermatomal blockade from C3 to T10 levels of the hemitorax. The SPSIP block seems to be a safe, simple, and effective technique for thoracic analgesia

Cytotoxic effects of arctium minus methanol extract on various cancer cell lines

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus’un toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen metanol ekstresinin kanser hücre hatları üzerindeki sitotoksik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus’un metanol ekstresinin, iki farklı insan meme kanseri hücre hattına (MCF-7 ve MDA-MB-231) ve kontrol olarak normal insan fibroblast hücre hattına (MRC-5) uygulanması ile in vitro sitotoksik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hücre canlılık tayini CellTiter-Blue metodu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz için One-Way ANOVA ve Tukey post-hoc testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Analizlerde, MCF-7 kanser hücrelerinde hücre canlılığı %27,8 -38,7 oranında belirlenmiş olup önemli derecede sitotoksik aktivite tespit edilmiştir (1 mg/mL ekstre uygulaması için p<0.022). Ancak MDA- MB-231 kanser hücre hatlarında %47,8-59,7 oranında hücre canlılığı gözlemlenmiştir. MRC-5 normal fibroblast hücrelerinde ise sitotoksisite gözlemlenmemiştir (%92,4 – 105,4 hücre canlılığı). Bu bulgulardan yola çıkarak, MCF- 7 kanser hücreleri ve MRC5 normal fibroblast hücrelerine 1,25 mg/mL Arcitum minus ekstresi ile muamele edilmiş ve flow sitometrisi metodu ile hücre ölümünün ölçümü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arctium minus ekstresi uygulaması ile hücre ölümü, MCF-7 kanser hücrelerinde (%98) MRC5 normal fibroblast hücrelerinden (%25) çok daha yüksek oranda gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Arctium minus ssp. minus ekstresi uygulamasının hücre canlılığını MCF-7 hücre hattında normal fibroblast hücre hattına göre daha fazla azalttığı söylenilebilir.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ssp. minus methanol extract derived from aerial parts on cancer cell lines. Material and Method: For cytotoxicity assays, two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and healthy human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5)as a control were used. Cell viability determination was performed using the CellTiter-Blue method. One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post test were used for statistical analysis. Result and Discussion: Cell viability has been detected between ratios of 27.8-38.7% for MCF-7 cancer cell line, and a significant cytotoxic activity was observed via the analysis (1 mg/mL extract treatment p< 0.022). However, 47.8-59.7% cell viability was observed for MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line, and MRC-5 healthy fibroblast cell line did not demonstrate any cell viability (92.4-105.4% cell viability). Depending on these data, MCF-7 cancer cell line and MRC-5 fibroblast healthy cell line were treated with Arcitum minus extract, then cell viability was detected by flow cytometry technique. The ratio of the cell death was higher in MCF-7 cancer cell line (98%) compared with the MRC-5 fibroblast healthy cell line (25%) after the Arctium minus extract treatment. In conclusion, Arctium minus ssp. minus extract has significantly decreased the cell viability in MCF7 cancer cell line when compared with the MCR-5 fibroblast normal cell line

Military Transportation As Part Of Mediterranean Maritime Trade: Ottoman Freight Payments During The War Of The Second Coalition

This article focuses on Ottoman freight payments during the War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802). It regards military transportation as a part of maritime trade in an era when Mediterranean maritime trade was experiencing a sharp decline. It sheds light on the virtually unknown Ottoman freight and transportation policies of the period in question which are crucial to an understanding of the maritime history of the Eastern Mediterranean. A special emphasis will be placed on the victualling of the Ottoman-Russian joint fleet sent to the Adriatic, in order to discuss the changing nature of naval provisioning; i.e. the ever-increasing presence of non-Ottoman ships in Ottoman military transportation. After a brief description of the organization of naval provisioning, we will analyze Ottoman freight policies which became an international matter as most of the vessels hired for military transportation flew foreign flags. This article contends that the Mediterranean maritime history of this period cannot be understood without due regard being paid to military logistics and the victualling of the navies operating in this theatre of war, and this requires in-depth research at the Ottoman archives in Istanbul

WAR AND DIPLOMACY: THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR OF 1877-1878 AND THE TREATY OF BERLIN, M. Hakan Yavuz with Peter Sluglett (ed.), The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, 2011. [Kitap Tanıtımı]

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun son dönemlerinde girdiği yıkıcı savaşları anlamadan imparatorluğun çözülme sürecini ve en nihayetinde günümüz Türkiye'sinin nasıl şekillendiğini anlamak imkansızdır. 93 Harbi, Balkan Savaşları ve Cihan Harbi herhalde Balkanlar, Anadolu ve Kafkas halklarının kimlik oluşumu sürecinde rol oynamış en mühim üç savaştır. Bu açıdan bakınca, hadiseleri harp tarihi sınırları çerçevesine hapsetmek mümkün olmamaktadır. Ele aldığımız deneme 1877-78 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı'nın geniş çaplı sonuçlarını masaya yatırmak amacıyla Utah Üniversitesi'nde düzenlenmiş bir konferansın sonucudur. Gelgelelim konferans tebliğ metni sınırlarını bir hayli aşan inceleme makalelerinden oluşan bir derleme ile karşı karşıyayız. İngilizce dilli derleme diplomatik, sosyal ve jeopolitik yaklaşımlar sunan ve her halükarda uzun vadeli sonuçlara odaklanan makalelerden oluşmaktadır. Giriş ve sonuç bölümüyle toplam 20 makale ve 20 akademisyenin katkısıyla hazırlanan bu derleme, dört ana bölümden oluşmaktadır: "Avrupa Diplomasisi ve Osmanlı `ötekisinin' Dışlanışı", "Balkan Devlet Sistemi'nin Ortaya Çıkışı", Doğu Anadolu'da Sonun Başlangıcı: Ermeni Katliamları", "Balkanlar'da ve Kafkasya'da Etnik-Dini Temizlik ve Nüfus Nakilleri." Kitap, Balkanlar ve Kafkasya'nın siyasi sınırlarını ve nüfus dağılımını gösteren 11 harita ve 9 tablo içermektedir. Ayrıca, makalelerde kullanılan Osmanlıca terminolojiyi muhtevi bir lügatçe, detaylı bir dizin ile toplu bir kaynakçanın eklenmesi kitabın kullanılabilirliğini artırmaktadır

Beta-sitosterol ve antinosiseptif etki mekanizmasi

Objective: In this study, the possible central antinociceptive activity of beta-sitosterol is investigated along with its association of stimulation of opioidergic, serotonergic, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors to mice central analgesia because of the beta-sitosterol administration. Material and Method: The beta-sitosterol was administrated to mice in various doses, such as 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Then, the mice analyzed via hot-plate and tail-flick assay to investigate the possible antinociceptive effects of beta-sitosterol. Additionally, in order to associate the mechanism of action mechanism, 20 mg/kg of beta-sitosterol was intraperitoneally administered to the animal which were previously pre-treated with opioid antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg), serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (1 mg/kg), serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist – ondansetron (1 mg/kg), α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1 mg/kg) and muscarinic antagonist atropine (5 mg/kg), as well as nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (1 mg/kg). Result and Discussion: The antinociceptive effect of beta-sitosterol was confirmed as dose-dependent for 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg doses in tail-flick and hot-plate tests. It can be concluded that beta-sitosterol promotes central antinociception effects associated with the spinal and supraspinal mediated cholinergic and opioidergic modulation.Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farelerde beta-sitosterol uygulamasına bağlı santral analjezide opioiderjik, serotonerjik, adrenerjik ve kolinerjik reseptörleri ile ilişkili olası antinosiseptif aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Beta-sitosterol, farelere 5, 10 ve 20 mg/kg dozlarında uygulandı. Daha sonra, fareler beta-sitosterolün olası antinosiseptif etkilerini araştırmak için tail-flick ve hot-plate testleri ile analiz edildi. Ek olarak, etki mekanizmasını değerlendirmek için, farelere, beta-sitosterol (20 mg/kg, intraperitonel) uygulamasından önce opioid antagonisti nalokson (5 mg/kg), serotonin 5-HT3 reseptör antagonisti ondansetron (1 mg/kg), serotonin 5-HT2A/2C reseptör antagonisti ketanserin (1 mg/kg), α2-adrenoseptör antagonisti yohimbin (1 mg/kg) ve muskarinik antagonist atropin (5 mg/kg) ve ayrıca nikotinik antagonisti mekamilamin (1 mg/kg) uygulandı. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Beta-sitosterolün doza-bağlı antinosiseptif etkisi, tail-flick ve hot-plate testlerinde 5, 10 ve 20 mg/kg dozlarında tespit edilmiştir. Beta-sitosterolün, spinal ve supraspinal aracılı kolinerjik ve opioiderjik modülasyon ile ilişkili merkezi antinosisepsiyon etkilerini teşvik ettiği sonucuna varılabilir

Ottoman-Polish diplomatic relations Istanbul embassy under Franciszek Piotr Potocki (1788-1793)

Kitabın basılısı İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi'ndedir