A NovelClassSubstitutedImidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoleDerivatives:Synthesis,Characterization,In VitroBiologicalActivity,andPotentialInhibitorsDesignStudies

In this study, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. All of the synthesized compounds were characterized by H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The synthesized compounds were tested for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania species and antibacterial activity against nine bacterial species in the study. It was observed that 2-(4-Fluorobenzylthio)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole (5) had the highest antileishmanial activity (MIC: 625 mu g/mL). Also, 4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylthio)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)benzonitrile (10), 2-(4-fluorobenzylthio)-6-(4-phenylphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole (11), and 4-(2-(4-methoxybenzyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)benzonitrile (25) were found to be effective at different studied concentrations. PyRx software, which uses a Lamarckian genetics algorithm, was utilized to find the affinity values of all compounds in molecular docking simulations. Pharmacokinetic properties and toxicities of the ligands were then researched using PROTOX (a webserver for the prediction of oral toxicities of small molecules) and FAF-Drugs (free adsorption distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) tox filtering tool). The study showed that the ligands had acceptable toxicity and ADME properties for the inhibition of the 3JUS receptor

Distribution of Intestinal Parasites in Patients Admitted to the Government and University Hospitals in Rize Province

AimThe aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients, whose examination material was sent to parasitology laboratory of two different hospitals in Rize province during the period of January 2012 to June 2013.Materials and MethodsStool samples were examined by direct macroscopy, native-lugol and trichrome staining methods for protozoan (cyst or trophozoites) and helminths (eggs or larvae). Cellophane preparations were examined for Enterobius vermicularis eggs.ResultsA total of 9.994 samples were investigated and parasites were identified from 240 samples (2.4%). Entamoeba coli (59.6%) was determined the most common parasite among the identified parasites and it was followed by E. vermicularis (12.5%), G. intestinalis (12.1%) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/dispar (9.6 %).ConclusionThere is less studies showing the prevalence of intestinal parasites in our region. It is compared to the work done in different places and times, parasites ration in our province was found very low (2.4%). The acceptance of the appropriate sample and the use of high sensitivity methods of investigation should be expanded for the effective recognition of parasitosis and their successful treatment. There is a slight improvement for socio-economic and environmental conditions in our country, but the parasitic infections are still a current and continous health problem in our society

Investigation of giardia intestinalis coproantigensby ELISA in diarrheal stool samples

Amaç: Malatya ilinde yaşayan farklı yaş gruplarına ait dışkı örneklerinde Giardia intestinalis koproantijenlerinin ELISA yöntemiyle belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Üç farklı yaş grubundan (0-12 yaş, 13-30 yaş ve 30 yaş üstü) alınan toplam 92 ishalli dışkı örneğine nativ-lugol ve sedimantasyon yöntemleri uygulanarak mikroskopik inceleme yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bu örneklerde Giardia intestinalis korpoantijenleri ELISA (Ridascreen Giardia ELISA kit, R-Biofarm GmbH, Darmstadt, Almanya) ile araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Mikroskopik inceleme ile 92 örneğin 26'sında (%28.3) Giardia intestinalis trofozoit ve/veya kist pozitifliği tespit edilirken, ELISA yöntemiyle üç farklı yaş grubuna ait toplam 29 dışkı örneğinde Giardia intestinalis koproantijen pozitifliği tespit edilmiştir. Yaş gruplarına göre pozitiflik dağılımı sırasıyla %33,3, %35,3 ve %24.0 bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışmada sosyo-ekonomik düzey ile yaş faktörünün parazitin epdemiyolojisinde önemli rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Parazit oranını azaltabilmek için Halk sağlığı Müdürlüğü, Kamu hastaneler birliği ve Üniversite işbirliği ile birlikte okul ve kreş gibi toplu yerlerde öğretmen, öğrencilerin ve halkın bilgilendirilmesi önemlidir.Objective: The aim of this study, was to determine of Giardia intestinalis coproantigens by ELISA in diarrheal stool samples belong different age groups in the province of Malatya. Methods: Three different age groups (0-12 years old, 13-30 years old and 30 years old) total of 92 diarrheal stool samples from saline-iodine and sedimentation methods were applied to microscopic examination. In addition, samples of Giardia intestinalis corpoantigens (Ridascreen Giardia ELISA kit, R-Biofarm GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) was investigated using ELISA

Antibiotic resistance rates of acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from various clinical samples in Giresun Prof. Dr. Atilla ilhan Ozdemir state hospital

WOS: 000217477300005Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the types of specimens, distribution among clinics and antibiotic susceptibilities of 531 Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in our laboratory between January 2012-June 2014. Methods: Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were identified by conventional methods and API 20 NE (bioMerieux, France), antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines except tigecycline evaluated according to Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results: Strains were isolated from Anesthesiology and Reanimation Unit (36.9 %), Medical Intensive Care Unit (17.9 %), Neurological Intensive Care Unit (14.7 %), Surgical Intensive Care Unit (13.9 %), Coronary Intensive Care Unit (2.3 %), Internal Medicine Services (9.8 %) and Surgical Services (4.5 %). Specimen types were; 239 (45.0 %) tracheal aspirate, 92 (17.3 %) urine, 78 (14.7 %) blood, 55 (10.4 %) wounds, 38 (7.1 %) sputum and 29 (5.5 %) catheter. The antibiotic resistance rates were found as 99.1 % for nitrofurantoin, 98.9% for cefotaxime, 97.7 % for tetracycline, 97.4 % for piperacillin, 97.2 % for netilmicin, 94.9 % for ceftazidime, 94.7 % for cefepime, 92.8 % for piperacillin/tazobactam, 91.7 % for ampicillin/sulbactam and ciprofloxacin, 91.1 % for meropenem, 89.8 % for imipenem, 89.5 % for levofloxacin, 82.1 % for gentamicin, 81.2 % for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 79.3 % for amikacin, 69.5 % for cefoperazone-sulbactam, 25.4 % for tobramycin, 5.1 % for tigecycline and 0.8 % for colistin. Conclusion: Our strains were found as sensitive to colistin, tigecycline, tobramycin and cefoperazone/sulbactam antibiotics. Resistance to carbapenems and other antibiotics were remarkable

The Investigation of the Prevalance and Epidemiology of House Dust Mites in Giresun

Amaç: Bu çalışma Giresun’da ev tozu akarlarının yaygınlığını, bulunan türleri ve epidemiyolojisini belirlemek amacıylayürütülmüştür.Yöntemler: Bir yıl süreyle aylık olarak ziyaret edilen 15 evden alınan toz örnekleri laktik asit yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve bulunantürlerin teşhisleri ışık mikroskobu ile yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmada 2251 akar saptanmış, bunların 846’sı (%37,6) ev zeminlerinden, 757’si (%33,6) yetişkin yataklarından,648’i (%28,8) ise çocuk yataklarından elde edilmiştir. Akarların %81,8’i Dermatophagaides pteronyssinus, %0,5’i Dermatophagaidesfarinae (D. farinae), %0,04’ü Euroglypus maynei (E. maynei), %4,2’si Dermatophagoides spp. nimfi, %0,06’sı Acourus siro, %2,4’üGlycphagus domesticus, %0,9 Lepidoglyphus destructor, %4,5’i Campunatus arcuatus, %1,4’si Tyrophagus putrescentiae, %1,3 Cheyletusspp. olarak belirlenmiştir. Pyroglyphid türler evlerin tamamında (%100) tespit edilmiş olup, D. pteronyssinus evlerin %100’ünde,Dermatophagoides farinae %5’inde, E. maynei %4’ünde saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Giresun’da akarlar yıl boyunca bütün evlerde saptanmış olup örneklerin tamamında tespit edilmiştir. Bahar ve yazaylarından itibaren daha fazla miktarda tespit edilmiş olmasına karşın sadece sıcaklık ile orta derecede bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Genelolarak Ağustos-Ekim ayları döneminde akar varlığı Ocak-Mart dönemine göre anlamlı şekilde fazla tespit edilmiştir (p0,05). D.pteronyssinus Mayıs-Ağustos ayları arasında ara katlarda, Eylül-Ekim aylarında ise zemin katlarda fazla tespit edilmiştir (p0,05).Giresun’un iklim özelliklerinin ev tozu akarlarının gelişip çoğalmasına uygun olduğu ve bu durumun duyarlı kişiler açısından birrisk oluşturabileceği düşünülmektedir.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the species of house dust mites and their prevalence in Giresun.Methods: Dust samples taken from 15 houses which were visited monthly for one year were examined by the lactic acid method.Results: A total of 2251 mites were detected in the study. The distribution of mites was as follows: 81.8% Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus, 0.5% Dermatophagoides farinae, 0.04% Euroglypus maynei (E. maynei), 4.2% Dermatophagoides spp. 0.06% A. siro, 2.4%Glycphagus domesticus, 0.9 % Lepidoglyphus destructor, 1.4% Tyrophagus putrescentiae, 4.5% Campunatus arcuatus, 1.3% Cheyletusspp. Pyroglyphid species were detected in all houses (100%). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was found in 100%, D. farinae 5% andE. maynei 4% of the houses.Conclusion: The mites in Giresun were found in all houses throughout the year and were detected in all of the samples. Althoughthey were detected in greater amounts in the spring and summer, only a moderate relationship could be detected with temperature.In August-October period, mite existence was significantly higher than the January-March period (p0,05). D.pteronyssinus wasfound in higher numbers on the mezzanine floors between May and August and on the ground floors in September and October(p0,05). We think that the climate characteristics of Giresun are suitable for the development and proliferation of house dustmites and this can pose a risk for sensitive people

The concentration and seasonal distribution of airborne aeroallergen fungi spores

Amaç: Küfler soluduğumuz havada en fazla miktarda bulunan partiküllerdir ve aeroallerjen fungus sporları uygun koşullarda atmosferde yaygın olarak bulunabilirler. Duyarlı bireylerde konjuktiva, solunum, deri ve burun mukozası gibi yollarla vücuda girerek alerjik rinit, astım, konjunktivit gibi semptomların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilirler. Bu çalışmada, Mersin atmosferinde bulunan fungus sporlarının tanımlanması ve meteorolojik faktörlere bağlı olarak spor konsantrasyonlarında meydana gelen değişiminin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2007 Eylül-2008 Kasım ayları arasında Mersin iline bağlı 4 merkez ve 2 çevre ilçeden, toplam 9 seferde 549 örneklem yapılmıştır. Taşınabilir hava örnekleme cihazı airIDEAL (bioMérieux, Fransa)'in haznesine yerleştirilen Sabouraud Dekstroz Agar yüzeyine ekim yaptırılmıştır. Üreyen küf kolonilerinin yedinci günden itibaren makroskobik ve mikroskobik morfolojilerine göre değerlendirilmesiyle cins düzeyinde tanımlamaları yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma süresince 33 mantar taksonuna ait toplam 298.220 CFU küf mantarı izolasyonu yapılmıştır. İzole edilen küflerin %71.75'i Cladosporium, %16.35'i Penicillium, %6.31'i Aspergillus, %3.42'si Alternaria, %0.83'ü Fusarium olarak tanımlanmış; diğer cinsler ise atmosferdeki sporların %1.34'ünü oluşturmuştur. En sık rastlanan küflerin spor konsantrasyonlarının mevsimsel dağılımına bakıldığında; çalışmamızda en sık rastlanan Cladosporium, Alternaria ve Penicillium cinsleri her mevsiminde artış gösterirken, Fusarium ve Aspergillus cinsleri yaz ve sonbahar aylarında en yüksek seviyede tespit edilmiştir. Fungus sporlarının yoğunluğunun meteorolojik parametreler ile ilişkisine bakıldığında ise; Alternaria, Cladasporium ve Fusarium spor miktarlarının sıcaklık, nem ve rüzgâr ile istatistiksel olarak pozitif, Penicillium'un negatif korelasyon gösterdiği tespit edilirken, Aspergillus'un yalnızca sıcaklık ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Mersin atmosferindeki allerjen ve toksijenik fungus sporlarının iklimsel verilerle beraber takibinin yapıldığı ilk çalışma olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin, duyarlı bireylerin tanı ve tedavisinde yararlı olacağı umut edilmektedirObjective: Molds are the most abundant particles in our breathing air and aeroallergen fungi spores are commonly found in the atmosphere under suitable conditions. They enter the body through different routes such as conjunctiva, respiratory tract, skin and nasal mucosa. They may lead to allergic rhinitis, asthma and conjunctivitis in susceptible individuals. In this study we aimed to identify the fungal spores in the atmosphere and investigate the alterations in spore concentrations in relation to the meteorological factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 549 air samples were taken from four different central and two peripheral districts of Mersin province, Turkey, for nine times between September 2007 and November 2008. Air samples were inoculated onto the surface of the Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar by using portable air sampler (airIDEAL, bioMérieux, France). The growing fungi were defined to the genus level by evaluating the macroscopic and microscopic morphology starting from the seventh day of the isolated mold colonies. Results: A total of 298.220 CFU belonging to 33 fungi taxons were isolated during the study. These spores belonged to the Cladosporium spp. (71.75%), Penicillium spp. (16.35%) Aspergillus spp. (6.31%), Alternaria spp. (3.42%), and Fusarium spp. (0.83%). The other taxa consisted a total of 1.34% of all atmospheric spores. When the seasonal distribution of the most common mold spore concentrations were investigated, Fusarium and Aspergillus genera were detected most frequently in summer and autumn months, while Penicillium, Cladosporium and Alternaria genera were abundant in every season. The correlation between the density of fungal spores and meteorological parameters revealed that amount of Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium spores were positively correlated with temperature, humidity and wind, while amount of Penicillium spores indicated a negative correlation. Additionally, the amount of Aspergillus spores correlated only with temperature. Conclusion: This study is the first study which investigated the correlation between allergen and toxigenic fungi spores and the climatic data in Mersin, Turkey. The data obtained in this study might be useful for the evaluation and the treatment of susceptible individuals in that area

The investigation of the presence of mites in some served dry foodstuffs

PubMed: 28695832OBJECTIVE: Mites are microscopic organisms that lower the quality of life of people who are sensitive to them by causing conditions such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. These organisms are found in every habitat where humans live. This study was conducted to determine the presence of storage mites in dry food items.METHODS: Various food items were procured 10 times each in 300-gram samples. Mites were extracted with a Berlese funnel apparatus over Erlenmeyer flasks containing 70% alcohol placed at the end of the funnel stems for over 48 h.RESULTS: Of 25 food items examined in the study, only six were contaminated by mites. Species of the mites found were Acarus siro (34.6%), Glycyphagus domesticus (22.8%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (16.8%), Tyrophagus spp. (7.9%), Rhizoglyphus spp. (1%), Lepidoglyphus destructor (7.9%), Cheylettus malacensis (4%), and Cheylettus spp. (2%).CONCLUSION: Although the results of the study show that the presence of mites in food items sold in open containers at open-air markets or stores was low, we suppose that they can cause important health problems for sensitive people

Theoretical and antimicrobial activity study for ethyl{4-[3-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}acetate

WOS: 000399656200005Ethyl{4-[3-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}-acetate (I) was synthesized as described in the literature and studied by proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. Theoretical calculations were performed by the density functional method with 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. Structural parameters of compound I, vibrational frequencies, and chemical shift values were determined. The antimicrobial activity of compound I was tested for seven standard bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one standard fungi isolate by microdilution broth assay with Alamar Blue Dye. The in vitro results show that compound I has antimicrobial activity against to two standard bacteria, Shigella flexneri and Listeria monocytogenes. And also, the antifungal activity was not detected against selected fungi isolate, Candida tropicalis

Ascaris lumbricoides in the nasogastric tube after operation on a patient with the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: Case report

Ascaris lumbricoides insanlarda sık rastlanan barsak helmintidir. Bu, özellikle sıcak ve kırsal bölgelerde, sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük toplumları etkileyen bir parazittir. Ascaris lumbricoides, parazitin hareketliliği nedeniyle ciddi komplikasyonlara yol açabilmektedir. Parazit; intestinal obstrüksiyon, perforasyon, biliyer obstrüksiyon, pankreatit, peritonit, karaciğer apsesi, kolanjiohepatit, volvulus ve gangren gibi çok çeşitli komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. Mezenterik iskemi ön tanısıyla hastaneye yatırılan 59 yaşındaki kadın hasta jejenum rezeksiyonu nedeniyle ameliyat edilmiştir. Ameliyat sonrası altıncı günde, nazogastrik sondasından gelen bir solucan fark edilmiştir. Mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarında yapılan inceleme sonucunda Ascaris lumbricoides olarak belirlenmiştir. Hasta, 200 mg 1x2 tek doz albendezol ile başarılı bir şekilde tedavi edilmiştir. Olgumuz, jejunum rezeksiyonu sonrası gözlenen askariasisin klinik bir durumunu tanımlamakta ve bu nadir görülen askariasis komplikasyonun önemini vurgulamaktadır.Ascaris lumbricoides is a comman intestinal helminths in humans. It is a parasite which commonly affects society with a low socioeconomic status, especially in tropical and rural areas. Ascaris lumbricoides infestation can lead to serious complications because of the mobility of the worms. The parasite can cause a variety of complications like intestinal obstruction, perforation, biliary obstruction, pancreatitis, peritonitis, liver abscess, cholangiohepatitis, volvulus, and gangrene, etc. A 59-year-old female patient hospitalized with the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia was operated on for jejunal resection. On the 6th postoperative day, a worm was noticed emerging through the nasogastric tube. Ascaris lumbricoides was determined as a result of the examination microbiology laboratory. The patient was treated successfully with one dose of albendazole 200 mg 1x2. Our case describes a clinical situation of ascariasis observed after jejunal resection and emphasizes the importance of remaining aware of this rare complication of ascariasis