Nanoscale tunnel field effect transistor based on a complex oxide lateral heterostructure

We demonstrate a tunnel field effect transistor based on a lateral heterostructure patterned from an $\mathrm{LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3}$ electron gas. Charge is injected by tunneling from the $\mathrm{LaAlO_3}$/$\mathrm{SrTiO_3}$ contacts and the current through a narrow channel of insulating $\mathrm{SrTiO_3}$ is controlled via an electrostatic side gate. Drain-source I/V-curves have been measured at low and elevated temperatures. The transistor shows strong electric-field and temperature-dependent behaviour with a steep sub-threshold slope %of up to as small as $10\:\mathrm{mV/decade}$ and a transconductance as high as $g_m\approx 22 \: \mathrm{\mu A/V}$. A fully consistent transport model for the drain-source tunneling reproduces the measured steep sub-threshold slope.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, Supplementary material: 4 pages, 2 figure

WZWZ Production at eγe\gamma Colliders and Anomalous Quartic WWZγWWZ\gamma Coupling

We investigate the constraints on the anomalous quartic $W^{+}W^{-}Z\gamma$ gauge boson coupling through the process $e^{-}\gamma\to \nu_{e}W^{-}Z$. Considering incoming beam polarizations and the longitudinal and transverse polarization states of the final W and Z boson we find 95% confidence level limits on the anomalous coupling parameter $a_{n}$ with an integrated luminosity of 500 $fb^{-1}$ and $\sqrt{s}$=0.5, 1 TeV energies. We show that initial beam and final state polarizations improve the sensitivity to the anomalous coupling by up to factors of 2 - 3.5 depending on the energy.Comment: published versio

Anomalous Quartic WWγγWW\gamma\gamma and ZZγγZZ\gamma\gamma Couplings in eγe\gamma Collision With Initial Beams and Final State Polarizations

The constraints on the anomalous quartic $WW\gamma\gamma$ and $ZZ\gamma\gamma$ gauge boson couplings are investigated through the processes $e\gamma\to W^{-}\gamma\nu_{e}$ and $e\gamma\to Z\gamma e$. Considering the longitudinal and transverse polarization states of the final W or Z boson and incoming beam polarizations we find 95% confidence level limits on the anomalous coupling parameters $a_{0}$ and $a_{c}$ with an integrated luminosity of 500 $fb^{-1}$ and $\sqrt{s}$=0.5, 1 TeV energies. Assuming the $W^{+}W^{-}\gamma\gamma$ couplings are independent of the $ZZ\gamma\gamma$ couplings we show that the longitudinal polarization state of the final gauge boson improves the sensitivity to anomalous couplings by a factor of 2-3 depending on energy and coupling. An extra enhancement in sensitivity by a factor of 1.3 comes from a set of initial beam polarizations

An Iterative Cyclic Algorithm for Designing Vaccine Distribution Networks in Low and Middle-Income Countries

The World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (WHO-EPI) was developed to ensure that all children have access to common childhood vaccinations. Unfortunately, because of inefficient distribution networks and cost constraints, millions of children in many low and middle-income countries still go without being vaccinated. In this paper, we formulate a mathematical programming model for the design of a typical WHO-EPI network with the goal of minimizing costs while providing the opportunity for universal coverage. Since it is only possible to solve small versions of the model optimally, we describe an iterative heuristic that cycles between solving restrictions of the original problem and show that it can find very good solutions in reasonable time for larger problems that are not directly solvable.Comment: International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management- ABEPRO-ADINGOR-IISE-AIM-ASEM (IJCIEOM 2019). Novi Sad, Serbia, July 15-17t

Route planning methods for a modular warehouse system

In this study, procedures are presented that can be used to determine the routes of the packages transported within a modular storage system. The problem is a variant of robot motion planning problem. The structures of the procedures are developed in three steps for the simultaneous movement of multiple unit-sized packages in a modular warehouse. The proposed heuristic methods consist of route planning, tagging, and main control components. In order to demonstrate the solution performance of the methods, various experiments were conducted with different data sets and the solution times and qualities of the proposed methods were compared with previous studies. It was found that the proposed methods provide better solutions when taking the number of steps and solution time into consideration

Development of Decision–Model and Strategies for Allaying Biased Choices in Design and Development Processes

The design and development processes are full of decisions. Ranging from simple and straightforward to complex and elaborated. These decisions are taken by individuals that constantly rely on their intuition and heuristics to support their decision-making processes. Although heuristics tend to be very helpful, in many cases, they can lead to cognitive biases. This article postulates a method to recognize some of these biases and to apply dedicated strategies to diminish their effects. To do so, the study reviews different decision models in engineering design and consolidates them into one; here, called ABC decision model—ABC stands for Allaying Biased Choices. This model consists of four phases describing four different decision types. Subsequently, four matching strategy sets are prescribed to target some of the most prone biases on those phases. Then, to demonstrate the application opportunities of this method, the ABC decision model is applied to the process of Strategic Release Planning (SRP). Finally, to show the theory in real-world conditions, the results of a pilot industrial application are presented. This article offers promising opportunities for allaying biased choices in design and development processe

Top Quark Spin Polarization in ep Collision

We discuss the degree of spin polarization of single top quarks produced via $Wg$ fusion process in $ep$ collision at TESLA+HERAp and CLIC+LHC energies $\sqrt{s}=1.6$ and 5.3 TeV. For $eb \to t \bar{\nu}$ subprocess we show that the top quark spin is completely polarized when the spin basis is chosen in the direction of the incoming positron beam in the rest frame of top quark. A description on how to combine the cross sections of $e^{+}b\to t\bar{\nu}$ and $e^{+}g\to t\bar{b}\bar{\nu}$ processes is given. $e^{+}$-beam direction is taken to be the favorite top quark spin decomposition axis in its rest frame and it is found to be comparable with the ones in $pp$ collision. It is argued that theoretical simplicity and experimental clearness are the advantage of $ep$ collision.Comment: Revised version of Phys. Rev. D69 (2004)03401

Kraus representation of damped harmonic oscillator and its application

By definition, the Kraus representation of a harmonic oscillator suffering from the environment effect, modeled as the amplitude damping or the phase damping, is directly given by a simple operator algebra solution. As examples and applications, we first give a Kraus representation of a single qubit whose computational basis states are defined as bosonic vacuum and single particle number states. We further discuss the environment effect on qubits whose computational basis states are defined as the bosonic odd and even coherent states. The environment effects on entangled qubits defined by two different kinds of computational basis are compared with the use of fidelity.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Early phases of different types of isolated neutron star

Two Galactic isolated strong X-ray pulsars seem to be in the densest environments compared to other types of Galactic pulsar. X-ray pulsar J1846-0258 can be in an early phase of anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters if its average braking index is ~1.8-2.0. X-ray pulsar J1811-1925 must have a very large average braking index (n~11) if this pulsar was formed by SN 386AD. This X-ray pulsar can be in an early phase of evolution of the radio pulsars located in the region P~50-150 ms and \.{P}~10$^{-14}-10^{-16}$ s/s of the P-\.{P} diagram. X-ray/radio pulsar J0540-69 seems to be evolving in the direction to the dim isolated thermal neutron star region on the P-\.{P} diagram. Possible progenitors of different types of neutron star are also discussed.Comment: to appear in the International Journal of Modern Physics

Multi-dimensional determinants of cancer incidence, cancer deaths and cancer-related years of life lost

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of lifestyle, the environmental, health services, and demographic characteristics on cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and cancer-related years of life lost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population of the study is composed of 36 OECD countries. All variables used in the study were examined under four dimensions: lifestyle, environmental, health services, and demographics. The OECD database was used to obtain data on the variables used in the study over five-year periods (2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015). In order to reveal the variables affecting cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and cancer-related years of life lost, ordinary least squares regression analysis was used. RESULTS: In consideration of research findings, the incidence of cancer is affected by variables related to lifestyle, environmental, and health services; cancer deaths and lost life years were affected by variables related to lifestyle and health services. Also, while lifestyle variables were more effective on cancer in the 2000s, in the following years, both lifestyle variables and health service-related variables were found to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: This finding shows that the effect of health services on individuals' health levels is increasing compared to the past