Sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone treatment is not affected by OPRM1 A118G and BDNF Va66Met polymorphisms, but alters the plasma beta-endorphin and BDNF levels in individuals with opioid use disorder

The study aimed to examine the genetic contribution to buprenorphine (BUP) treatment in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), with a specific focus on BDNF and OPRM1 genes. A total of 113 controls and 111 OUD patients receiving sublingual BUP/naloxone were enrolled. OPRM1 A118G and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-FRLP. Plasma BDNF and beta-endorphin levels were assessed by ELISA kits in both groups. Blood BUP levels were measured by LC-MS/MS and normalized with daily BUP dose (BUP/D). OPRM1 A118G and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms didn't have an effect on plasma beta-endorphin and BDNF levels in OUD patients, respectively. Interestingly, OUD patients had significantly higher plasma BDNF and lower beta-endorphin levels compared to the controls (p < 0.001). A negative and significant correlation between plasma BUP/D and BDNF levels was found. Age onset of first use was associated with OPRM1 A118G polymorphism. The findings indicated that sublingual BUP/naloxone may increase plasma BDNF levels, but may decrease beta-endorphin levels in individuals with OUD. Plasma BDNF level seemed to be decreased in a BUP/D concentration-dependent manner. © 2022 Elsevier B.V

A qualitative research on the acculturation strategies, risk factors and health perceptions of Syrian asylum seekers

The internal turmoil, that broke out in Syria, started a mass migration movement towards Turkey in 2011. This migration movement, which proved to be an important social phenomenon, individuals from many different cultures have experienced coexistence for compulsory reasons. On top of that experience they were subjected to, the addition of a highly complicated process of acculturation, and the risk factors which immigrants and ethnic minority groups faced caused them to classify as vulnurable regarding health. The aim of this study is to assess how the preferred acculturation strategy of Syrian asylum seekers, who found themselves living along with different cultures, their negative or positive experiences and the risk factors they face affects their health, and health perceptions. The research was designed as a phenomenological research. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 participants, who were included in the study, using the purposive sampling strategies, homogeneous case sampling and criterion sampling technique. In addition to the usage of code book obtained from the literary works related to the field using the deductive method, the data recorded by observing and the notes from interviews were reduced to themes, categories and codes using the inductive method. The study is grouped under three main themes, namely acculturation strategy of Syrian asylum seekers, risk factors affecting the healths of Syrian asylum seekers and health perception of Syrian asylum seekers. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by using descriptive analysis and content analysis provided in the MAXQDA 2020 pro-package program. Although the participants heavily express their opinions in favor of seperationg strategy, which is one of the acculturation strategies, this is followed by an integration strategy. Furthermore, the participants were observed to have been subjected to discrimination and rejection, and in this process, facing risk factors mainly social, psychological, environmental, physical and barriers affecting healthcare procurement. Multiple relational analysis show that an intense relationship was found between the participants who preferred the separatist strategy and the risk factors affecting their health. It was observed that the participants who reported good health perception before migrating; due to the most reported social risk factor, economic barriers, reported negative health perception after migrating. The majority of participants who preferred the integration strategy reported good health perception both before and after migration

Bitlis yöresi topraklarının fosfor adsorpsiyon ve fiksasyon durumlarının nükleer yöntem ile belirlenmesi

The main objective of the study was to determine the P-adsorption and fixation capacities of the soil on which tobacco is grown in Bitlis province and their relation with the soil characteristics. In the study, 29 soil samples were used and $P^{32}$ was applied. The results were summarized as follows: - The experimental soils were generally slightly acidic and have notral reaction. They were sandy loam in texture and poor in $CaCO_3$ ,humus content and sufficentin exchangeable $Ca^{++} Mg^{++}$, - The available phosphorus content of the soils were found high. - In soils, there are positive effects of clay, exchangeable $Ca^{++} Mg^{++}$on the phosphorus adsorption and fixation but sand and available phosphorus have negative effects. In addition it was found a relation between t he P fixation capacity and CEC of the soil. - It was found that P-adsorption and fixation capacities of the ,soils samples were between 8.22-9.28 mg/100g soil anil 5.56-8.98 mg/100g soils, respectively. The result of the research shows that because of the deficit of the available P content, 20.6 % of the soils in -Bitlis province can respond to the phosphorus fertilization. From this point of view, it is very important to decrease fixation by some preventions in the soils which will be fertilized with phosphorus.Bu araştırmanın amacı, Bitlis yöresinde tütün tarımı yapılan toprakların fosfor adsorpsiyon ve fıksasyon durumlarını belirlemek ve bunların toprak özellikleri ile ilişkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla 29 toprak örneği kullanılmış ye $P^{32}$ uygulaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. - Topraklar genelde hafif asit-ve nötral reaksiyonlu, kumlu tın tekstürde, $CaCO_3$-Ce fakir, organik madde içeriği düşük veya orta düzeydedir. Değişebilir $Ca^{++}$ ve $Mg^{++}$'a iyi durumdadır. - Topraklar alınabilir fosfor yönünden zengin bulunmuştur. - Toprakların P adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri 8.22-9.28 mg/100g toprak ve fıksasyon kapasiteleri 5.56-8.98 mg/100g toprak arasında değişmektedir. - Topraklarda ,P adsorpsiyon ve fiksasyonu üzerine toprak özelliklerinden kil, değişebilir $Ca^{++}$ ve $Mg^{++}$'un pozitif; kum ve alınabilir fosforun negatif, etkileri saptanmıştır. Ayrıca toprakların fosfor adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri KDK ile önemli düzeyde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda yöre topraklarının alınabilir fosfor içerimi yönünden %20,6'sının, fosforlu gübrelemeye cevap verebilecek nitelikte olduğu görülmektedir. Bu anlamda fosforlu gübre uygulamaları yapılacak alanlarda fiksasyon azaltıcı önlemler önem taşımaktadır

Association of OPRK1 rs963549 and rs997917 polymorphisms with opioid use disorder and related phenotypes

Aim: To evaluate the association between OPRK1 rs963549 and rs997917 and opioid use disorder (OUD) and related phenotypes. Methods: A sample of 208 individuals with (n = 100) and without (n = 108) OUD were enrolled. OPRK1 rs963549 and rs997917 were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Craving, opioid withdrawal and the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the appropriate scales. Results:OPRK1 rs963549 variation showed a trend of association with decreased opioid withdrawal. No significant associations were found between OPRK1 rs963549 and rs997917 polymorphisms and craving, depression or anxiety symptoms. Neither single OPRK1 SNPs nor OPRK1 haplotypes were associated with OUD. Conclusion: Our results could be useful for treatment failures of individuals who experience greater opioid withdrawal due to their OPRK1 rs963549 genotypes