Charge Superselection Sectors for Scalar QED on the Lattice

The lattice model of scalar quantum electrodynamics (Maxwell field coupled to a complex scalar field) in the Hamiltonian framework is discussed. It is shown that the algebra of observables ${\cal O}({\Lambda})$ of this model is a $C^*$-algebra, generated by a set of gauge-invariant elements satisfying the Gauss law and some additional relations. Next, the faithful, irreducible and non-degenerate representations of ${\cal O}({\Lambda})$ are found. They are labeled by the value of the total electric charge, leading to a decomposition of the physical Hilbert space into charge superselection sectors. In the Appendices we give a unified description of spinorial and scalar quantum electrodynamics and, as a byproduct, we present an interesting example of weakly commuting operators, which do not commute strongly

Generation of strongly chaotic beats

The letter proposes a procedure for generation of strongly chaotic beats that have been hardly obtainable hitherto. The beats are generated in a nonlinear optical system governing second-harmonic generation of light. The proposition is based on the concept of an optical coupler but can be easily adopted to other nonlinear systems and Chua's circuits.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Int.J.Bif.Chao

Calixarene Complexes with Transition Metal, Lanthanide and Actinide Ions

Selected calixarene complexes with transition metal as well as lanthanide and actinide ions are described, showing their syntheses and possible applications

Philosophical Societies in the Scottish Enlightenment

As one of the outstanding researchers of that time, Roger L. Emerson, claims, the phenomenon of the Scottish Enlightenment, called the ‘Age of Improvement’, is based on ‘cosmopolitan learned society’. The Parliamentary Union of 1707 created a unique situation resulting in a significant development and improvement of both the economic and cultural conditions. The ‘Age of Improvement’ had a few key characteristics. One of them was the development of the science of human nature and natural philosophy.  The other one was connected with promoting and spreading that knowledge throughout the Scottish society. The crucial role in cultivating natural sciences was played by universities and numerous specialized societies. What is analysed in this study is the role of philosophical societies in 18th century Scotland. The activities of the Aberdeen Philosophical Society, the Wise Club, and the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh presented in this study shows the important role they played in shaping the new ‘enlightened’ world.Szkockie oświeceniowe towarzystwa filozoficzne Fenomen Szkockiego Oświecenia nazywanego „Wiekiem Doskonalenia” opiera się, jak twierdzi jeden z wybitnych badaczy tego okresu Roger L. Emerson, na „kosmopolitycznym społeczeństwie wiedzy”. Unia Parlamentarna z 1707 roku doprowadziła do powstania unikatowej sytuacji związanej ze znaczącym rozwojem i udoskonaleniem zarówno ekonomicznych, jak i kulturowych warunków w ówczesnej Szkocji. „Wiek doskonalenia” miał kilka kluczowych, charakterystycznych cech, jedną z nich był rozwój nauk o naturze ludzkiej i naturalnej filozofii. Druga – była związana z promowaniem i rozprzestrzenianiem tej wiedzy na całe szkockie społeczeństwo. Kluczową rolę w kultywowaniu nauk przyrodniczych odgrywały uniwersytety i liczne specjalistyczne towarzystwa. Tematem niniejszych analiz jest funkcja towarzystw filozoficznych w XVIII-wiecznej Szkocji. Działalność Towarzystwa Filozoficznego w Aberdeen i Towarzystwa Filozoficznego w Edynburgu przedstawione w tym opracowaniu pokazują znaczenie tych towarzystw w kształtowaniu nowego „oświeconego” świata

À propos des nomina actionis des verbes de perception visuelle polonais et français

The nomina actionis of the selected verbs of visual perception are studied here in their discursive function in a well-defi ned context, namely that of the meetings between Jesus and Sister Faustina Kowalska, described in her “Diary”. This communication situation will make it possible to locate the Polish and French derivational models for the nouns spojrzenie / widzenie – regard / vision, to propose a coherent semantic description of these nouns which takes into account its different dimensions and to indicate the importance of the collocative verbs for the study of the meaning of nomina actionis. The article also aims to be a contribution of the linguistic analysis of the parallel bilingual corpus for the contrastive approach of Polish and French derived nouns