The use of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector for the determination of sulfide ions in human urine samples using pyrylium salts

Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas involved in the regulation of some essential biological processes. A novel, precise, accurate and rapid method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection for the determination of sulfide ions in human urine sample is proposed. The method involves the derivatization of sulfide with pyrylium salts – (2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium hydrogensulfate(VI) (L1) and 4-[p-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-2,6-diphenylpyrylium chlorate(VII) (LN1). The separation occurs on InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC C18 column using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer as a mobile phase. The detectors utilized a wavelength of 371 or 580 nm. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 2–150 μmol L−1 and 1–50 μmol L−1 for L1 and LN1 derivatives, respectively. The samples were found to be stable from sample collection to final analysis. The method was successfully applied to samples from apparently healthy volunteers

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Praca stanowi analizę wykonywania długoterminowych kar pozbawienia wolności na podstawie krajowych i międzynarodowych uregulowań prawnych. Skupia się na zdefiniowaniu przedmiotowego pojęcia, celach, a także alternatywach dla przedmiotowych kar.

Women's rights in Poland and Israel - comparative analysis

Prawa kobiet w Polsce i Izraelu - analiza porównawczaW kontekscie historii praw kobiet na świecie w pracy na przeanalizowano status kobiet w obu krajach. Praca porównuje sytuacje kobiet w Izraelu i w Polsce z naciskiem na środowiska religijne. Poszczególne rozdziały zostały poświęcone nastepującym aspektom: relijnemu, politycznemu, społecznemu i kulturowemu. W pracy zostały poruszone: kwestia pozycji partycypacji kobiet w polityce, problematyka rozwodowa kobiet w Izraelu, kwestia postrzegania kobiety przez rózne środowiska w obudwu krajach.Women's rights in Poland and Israel - comparative analysisComparative analysis of women's rights in Israel and Poland. In the context of the history of women's rights in the world, the status of women has been analyzed in both countries. The paper compares the situation of women in Poland and Israel with an emphasis on religious environments. Individual chapters have been divided to the following aspects: religious, political, social and cultural. The following issues were discussed in the paper: the issue of the position of women's participation in politics, the issue of divorce of women in Israel, the issue of how women are perceived by different environments in housing countries

Day and time of admissions to intensive care units — does it matter?

Background: The literature data pertaining to the significance of day and time of ICU admission for outcomes of patients are inconsistent. The issue has not been analysed in Poland to date. The aim of the study was to gather information about differences between patients admitted to ICU outside regular working hours (off-hours) and those admitted during working hours (on-hours). Methods: Analysis involved 20,651 patients from the Silesian Registry of Intensive Care Units carried out since 2010. The findings demonstrated that 34.8% of patients were admitted to ICUs during on-hours (between 8.00 a.m. and 3 p.m. on weekdays) and 65.2% were admitted during off-hours (outside regular working hours). The incidence of admissions and data of patients in both groups were compared in terms of the population characteristics and treatment outcomes. Results: The incidence of admissions (calculated per each 24 hours of treatment) was found to be almost twice as high during on-hours, as compared to off-hours (14.5 vs. 6.9 patients/day). Patients admitted to the ICU during on-hours were less likely to be admitted from the surgical department (19.1% vs. 31.0%, P < 0.001), and more likely to be admitted from the emergency department (25.3% vs. 14.2%, P < 0.001). The incidence of off-hours admissions of cancer patients was lower (5.3% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001), as compared with patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (10.3% vs. 6.9%, P < 0.001). Patients admitted during off-hours were in more severe conditions and had higher APACHE II scores (on average, 23.8 ± 8.8 vs. 21.8 ± 8.8, P < 0.001); their mortality rates were higher compared to the remaining population (46.8% vs. 39.4%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients admitted to ICUs during off-hours are in more severe general condition and their treatment outcomes are worse, as compared to patients admitted to ICU during on-hours.Background: The literature data pertaining to the significance of day and time of ICU admission for outcomes of patients are inconsistent. The issue has not been analysed in Poland to date. The aim of the study was to gather information about differences between patients admitted to ICU outside regular working hours (off-hours) and those admitted during working hours (on-hours). Methods: Analysis involved 20,651 patients from the Silesian Registry of Intensive Care Units carried out since 2010. The findings demonstrated that 34.8% of patients were admitted to ICUs during on-hours (between 8.00 a.m. and 3 p.m. on weekdays) and 65.2% were admitted during off-hours (outside regular working hours). The incidence of admissions and data of patients in both groups were compared in terms of the population characteristics and treatment outcomes. Results: The incidence of admissions (calculated per each 24 hours of treatment) was found to be almost twice as high during on-hours, as compared to off-hours (14.5 vs. 6.9 patients/day). Patients admitted to the ICU during on-hours were less likely to be admitted from the surgical department (19.1% vs. 31.0%, P &lt; 0.001), and more likely to be admitted from the emergency department (25.3% vs. 14.2%, P &lt; 0.001). The incidence of off-hours admissions of cancer patients was lower (5.3% vs. 10.8%, P &lt; 0.001), as compared with patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (10.3% vs. 6.9%, P &lt; 0.001). Patients admitted during off-hours were in more severe conditions and had higher APACHE II scores (on average, 23.8 ± 8.8 vs. 21.8 ± 8.8, P &lt; 0.001); their mortality rates were higher compared to the remaining population (46.8% vs. 39.4%, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Patients admitted to ICUs during off-hours are in more severe general condition and their treatment outcomes are worse, as compared to patients admitted to ICU during on-hours

Analysis of Patients with Alcohol Dependence Treated in Silesian Intensive Care Units

Analysis of patients with alcohol dependence (AD) treated in intensive care units has never been performed in Poland. Data from 25,416 adult patients identified in a Silesian Registry of Intensive Care Units were analysed. Patients with AD were identified, and their data were compared with the remaining population. Preadmission and admission variables that independently influenced ICU death in these patients were identified. Among 25,416 analysed patients, 2285 subjects (9.0%) were indicated to have AD among their comorbidities. Patients with AD were significantly younger (mean age: 53.3 &plusmn; 11.9 vs. 62.2 &plusmn; 15.5 years, p &lt; 0.001) but had a higher mean APACHE II score at admission and were more frequently admitted to the ICU due to trauma, poisonings, acute pancreatitis, and severe metabolic abnormalities. ICU death and unfavourable outcomes were more frequent in these patients (47.8% vs. 43.0%, p &lt; 0.001 and 54.1% vs. 47.0%, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Multiorgan failure as the primary cause of ICU admission was among the most prominent independent risk factors for ICU death in these patients (OR: 3.30, p &lt; 0.001). Despite the younger age, ICU treatment of patients with AD was associated with higher mortality and a higher percentage of unfavourable outcomes