104 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Bialystok (Poland) - Green city. Historical Greenways in a Contemporary City
In contemporary theories of city design the issue of green corridors appears more and more frequently. They concern the development of greenways of communicative, ecological and recreational functions. Their purpose is to change the modern city landscape. Routes network dominant in the city space is to be replaced by ecological structures, improving the quality of life and introducing the green into the city. This issue is discussed by a number of research teams and relates to the cities of different scale. Conducted works tend to indicate the direction for transformation of the existing urban structures. This process is to be accomplished by adapting the existing space or formation of new - greenways. Specific solutions for individual cities which create their own green corridors are based on local conditions and include defined cultural values of the place.
This attitude is presented by a team from Bialystok who searches for a new shape of the city in relation to the history. The authors in their works refer to the spatial composition formed in the eighteenth century on the initiative of Hetman Jan Klemens Branicki, in the valley of the Biała River, which became the nucleus of the city of Bialystok (Jan Klemens Branicki - lived from 1689 to 1771, he was one of the biggest Polish magnates in the eighteenth century, the owner of 12 towns, including Bialystok, 257 villages and 17 palaces (Dobroński, 2012). The spatial arrangement of Branicki’s premises during its founding was multi-elemental and the area equaled the size of a modern city. The individual elements of the composition (villages, architectural and natural objects) were connected by roads, which may be the prototype of today\u27s system of the town green corridors (Turecki, 1996). The essence of the presented works is an attempt to make the elements of eighteenth-century composition readable in the structure of the modern city (Il. 1), and the green corridors reproducing the old communication links can make the tool for its realization
Dynamics of Charge Leakage From Self-assembled CdTe Quantum Dots
We study the leakage dynamics of charge stored in an ensemble of CdTe quantum
dots embedded in a field-effect structure. Optically excited electrons are
stored and read out by a proper time sequence of bias pulses. We monitor the
dynamics of electron loss and find that the rate of the leakage is strongly
dependent on time, which we attribute to an optically generated electric field
related to the stored charge. A rate equation model quantitatively reproduces
the results.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to Applied Physics Letter
Architektura białostockich kościołów, część II. Czasy współczesne (1980−2010)
This publication presents contemporary realizations of Bialystok architecture of Roman Catholic churches, starting from 1980s till the end of the first decade of 21st century. Large-area churches, characteristic for the PPR (PRL) 1980s “thaw” as well as the newest implementations are among the presented objects. These realizations, constituting the most numerous of the group of temples, show trends and tendencies changing in the architecture of churches of the last thirty years.W niniejszej publikacji zaprezentowano współczesne realizacje białostockiej architektury kościołów rzymsko-katolickich, począwszy od lat 80. XX w. do końca pierwszej dekady XXI w. Wśród przedstawionych obiektów znalazły się wielkokubaturowe świątynie, charakterystyczne dla PRL-owskiej „odwilży” z lat 80. XX w. oraz realizacje najnowsze. Obiekty te, stanowiące najliczniejszą grupę spośród wybudowanych świątyń, obrazują zmieniające się na przestrzeni 30 lat trendy i tendencje w kształtowaniu architektury kościołów
Architektura białostockich kościołów, część I. Historia (1617−1980)
In this publication a history of the development of the Bialystok architecture of Roman Catholic churches was presented, starting from the city of Jan Klemens Branicki up to years 80. of the 20th century. Temples which became architectural predominant features and icons of the city and objects carried out in early the PRL. were among described objects moreover churches never built-designed in areas of large housing estates in years 60. of the 20th century.W niniejszej publikacji zaprezentowano historię rozwoju białostockiej architektury kościołów rzymsko-katolickich, począwszy od miasta Jana Klemensa Branickiego do lat 80. XX w. Wśród przedstawionych obiektów znalazły się świątynie, które stały się architektonicznymi dominantami i ikonami miasta oraz obiekty zrealizowane we wczesnym PRL. Ponadto kościoły nigdy nie zrealizowane – projektowane na obszarach wielkich osiedli mieszkaniowych w latach 60. XX w
Compensation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in international aviation
Abstract: Sustainable development, i.e. the coherence of economic and social progress with environmental protection, are goals that must be achieved in order to prevent global environmental degradation. Reducing the emission of harmful compounds and noise is a current problem raised in various sectors of the economy. Through the ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization, the aviation sector worldwide is committed to meeting its commitments to reduce air emissions from aircraft. Despite the dynamic development of the unmanned aerial vehicle sector, manned aviation remains the leading means of passenger and cargo transport in civil aviation. In view of the emission of compounds having a negative impact on the environment by airplanes, it was deemed necessary at the global level to take steps aimed at a real limitation of the functioning of aviation, which is destructive to the nature. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has developed a program that introduces a new approach to reducing negative effects on the environment called CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation). The article presents the principles of its operation and implementation, as well as the project phases. The practical impact of the CORSIA program on aircraft operators and examples of costs for operators related to the implementation of the project were indicated. The aspect of mutual coexistence for the CORSIA program and the EU CO2 emissions trading system (EU-ETS) was also raised. European Emissions Trading Scheme - also known as the "Community carbon market" or the ETS. It is the first, by 2017, the largest and currently the largest, after China, CO₂ emissions trading system in the world. Keywords: CORSIA, EU ETS, CO2; Emission; Civil aviation; Sustainable development of aviatio
Mapping of quantum well eigenstates with semimagnetic probes
We present results of transmission measurements on CdTe quantum wells with
thin semimagnetic CdMnTe probe layers embedded in various positions along the
growth axis. The presence of the probes allow us to map the probability density
functions by two independent methods: analyzing the exciton energy position and
the exciton Zeeman splitting. We apply both approaches to map the first three
quantum well eigenstates and we find that both of them yield equally accurate
results.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Influence of exciton spin relaxation on the photoluminescence spectra of semimagnetic quantum dots
We present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies of
photoluminescence of single CdMnTe quantum dots with Mn content x ranging from
0.01 to 0.2. We distinguish three stages of the equilibration of the exciton-Mn
ion spin system and show that the intermediate stage, in which the exciton spin
is relaxed, while the total equilibrium is not attained, gives rise to a
specific asymmetric shape of the photoluminescence spectrum. From an excellent
agreement between the measured and calculated spectra we are able to evaluate
the exciton localization volume, number of paramagnetic Mn ions, and their
temperature for each particular dot. We discuss the values of these parameters
and compare them with results of other experiments. Furthermore, we analyze the
dependence of average Zeeman shifts and transition linewidths on the Mn content
and point out specific processes, which control these values at particular Mn
concentrations.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.
Nonlinear emission dynamics of a GaAs microcavity with embedded quantum wells
The emission dynamics of a GaAs microcavity at different angles of
observation with respect to the sample normal under conditions of nonresonant
picosecond-pulse excitation is measured. At sufficiently high excitation
densities, the decay time of the lower-polariton emission increases with the
polariton wavevector; at low excitation densities the decay time is independent
of the wavevector. The effect of additional nonresonant continuous illumination
on the emission originating from the bottom of the lower polariton branch is
investigated. The additional illumination leads to a substantial increase in
the emission intensity (considerably larger than the intensity of the
photoluminescence excited by this illumination alone). This fact is explained
in terms of acceleration of the polariton relaxation to the radiative states
due to scattering by charge carriers created by the additional illumination.
The results obtained show, that at large negative detunings between the photon
and exciton modes, polariton-polariton and polariton-free carrier scattering
are the main processes responsible for the filling of states near the bottom of
the lower polariton branch.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version
of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Condesed
Matter. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in
this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i
- …