Características semánticas de los sustantivos prefijados mediante co-

En el presente estudio se describirá el contenido semántico del morfema co- (junto con sus variantes con- y com-), así como se presentarán las características de los sustantivos en cuya estructura podemos detectar este afijo. El artículo empezará con una breve información etimológica de los elementos en cuestión y, a partir de este recorrido, se intentará demostrar que la agregación del prefijo co- a los vocablos puede afectar notablemente a su contenido semántico

The analysis of the level of Treg lymphocytes in the blood of patients with endometrial cancer before and after the surgery — preliminary study

Introduction. The progression of cancer is a complex process involving host-tumour interactions taking place in cancer and in the cancer microenvironment. The tumour remodels the microenvironment into the suppressive profile by various mechanisms. One of the most important elements of this mechanism is the inducing of the infiltration of Treg lymphocytes into cancer and its microenvironment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alterations of the Treg cell population in the peripheral blood of patients before and after the surgical treatment for endometrial cancer. Material and methods. For the present study 24 patients with endometrial cancer were recruited. All the patients were treated surgically. The peripheral blood samples were collected from the endometrial cancer patients before operation and three days after the surgical procedure and evaluated using flow cytometry method. Results. CD25+ CD4+ FOXP3+ T cells were found in all the examined peripheral blood samples derived from the endometrial cancer patients in the days before and following applied surgery. We observed differences before and after the applied surgical procedure in patients treated for uterine cancer. The highest number of Treg cells in the peripheral blood was demonstrated before the surgical procedure; it diminished statistically significantly following the surgery. Conclusions. The decrease of the percentage of Treg cells in blood sera in patients following radical surgical treatment might be useful in measuring the radicalism of the treatment. The monitoring of the level of selective immune system suppression related to Treg cell blood serum levels during cancer therapy might support a decision to supplement the standard therapy with immunotherapy or to increase the degree of radicalism of the applied therapy.

An analysis of the influence of infection on overall survival rates, following modified posterior pelvic exenteration for advanced ovarian cancer

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the association between the appearance of infection after modified posterior pelvic exenteration (MPE) and the time to adjuvant chemotherapy (TTC), and to examine whether infection has any impact on clinical results by delaying the start of chemotherapy.Material and methods: Our retrospective study analyzed 77 patients who had undergone MPE followed by adjuvantchemotherapy. Postoperatively, either there was no residual tumor or, the residual tumor was less than 2.5 mm, in 76.7% of the study patients. Our study group was divided into two subgroups for comparison; the first group consisted of 41 patients with postoperative infections, and the second group of 36 patients had no infections. The infections of the first group were monitored during a 90-day postoperative period. Median TTC and overall survival rates (OS) were determined for those patients who developed an infection as well as for those who did not.Results: The expected 5-year survival rate was 0.40 (SD = 0.09) for those patients without infection and 0.17 (SD = 0.07) for those patients with infection. The survival curves of patients with infection and those without infection were significantly different statistically (p = 0.038). The median TTC differed significantly for those patients who developed infection compared with those patients who did not develop infection (37 days compared with 27.5 days respectively, p = 0.024); and patients without infection were statistically more likely to receive chemotherapy within 25 days following surgery than in the subsequent 25–42-day period compared with those patients who did develop infection (p = 0.048). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in relation to results following the initiation of chemotherapy during the first 42 days postoperatively (p = 0.445).Conclusions: The absence of postoperative infection was associated with better survival rates. Patients with infectionexperienced a longer time interval between surgery and the start of chemotherapy, without negative impact to theiroverall survival rates

The long-term outcomes in perimenopausal patients treated for cervical cancer

Introduction. In the coming decades, the population of adults 65 years of age and older will increase significantly. Younger patients between 30 and 40 years of age, who are diagnosed with cervical cancer, have a better prognosis than the older group. The second peak of incidence, involving patients between 60 and 70 years of age, correlates with a poorer prognosis. Material and methods. In our study, we included 360 patients between 40 and 60 years old operated on due to cervical cancer followed by radiochemotherapy. We divided these patients into two groups according to age. The first group was composed of premenopausal patients (aged between 40 and 50 years) and the second of postmenopausal patients (aged between 50 and 60 years), and long-term outcomes (overall survival rates OS) were analysed in both groups of patients. Results. We observed statistically significant differences in the long-term outcomes between the subgroups of patients treated surgically for cervical cancer, and it was better in the premenopausal group of patients. No statistically significant relationship between these two groups of patients as far as clinical features was observed. Conclusion. We found that postmenopausal patients may actually benefit more from having radical surgery. Proving this supports the case for distinguishing geriatric oncology from gynaecological oncology.

Therapeutic results of patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer

Introduction. The aim of this study is to compare the therapeutic results of patients with ovarian cancer coexisting with endometriosis with a group of patients with cancer formed in the endometriosis focus in the scar after caesarean section. Methods. We analysed the therapeutic results of patients with ovarian cancer coexisting with endometriosis with a group of patients with cancer formed in the endometriosis focus in the scar after caesarean section. They were operated in the Oncology Centre in Bydgoszcz. All the patients had endometriosis and ovarian cancer confirmed in one tissue preparation. Results. The probability of death at any time is 7.826-times higher in the group with scar cancer than in the group with endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Conclusions. Because scar cancer that arises in the background of endometriosis is an extremely rare condition and also because the prognosis for this group of patients is poor we consider it necessary to plan combination therapy by a multidisciplinary oncological team

RCAS1 and B7H4 antigens immunoreactivity in squamous cell carcinoma of palatine tonsils and cancer microenvironment

B7-H4 protein has been demonstrated to be over-expressed by various types of cancer cells. The levelof expression of B7-H4 in these cancers is related to the type of cancer, its stage, and the number ofTreg cells, and correlates with patient survival and might be a new therapeutic target. The major role ofRCAS1 expression is to inhibit activated immune cells, such as T and B lymphocytes and NK cells, andto induce their apoptosis. It has also been postulated that RCAS1 is involved in the remodelling of thetumour microenvironment. The aim of the present study has been to evaluate RCAS1- and B7-H4-antigen immunoreactivity in squamouscell carcinoma of the palatine tonsils and in the cancer microenvironment. For our study, we recruited30 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma originating from the palatine tonsils