Log-derived cation exchange capacity of shaly sands : application to hydrocarbon detection and drilling optimization

Researchers at Louisiana State University, LSU, have introduced several petrophysical models expressing the electric properties of shaly sands. These models, to be used for hydrocarbon detection, are based on the Waxman and Smits concept of supplementing the water conductivity with a clay counterions conductivity. The LSU models also utilize the Dual Water theory, which relates each conductivity term to a particular type of water, free and bound, each occupying a specific volume of the total pore space. The main difference between these models and the other shaly sand models is that the counterion conductivity is represented by a hypothetical sodium chloride electrolyte. This study introduces a modified version of early LSU models. This modified model eliminates a questionable assumption incorporated in all previous shaly sand models. Previous models use same formation resistivity factor for all terms in the model. The proposed model considers that the electric current follows the effective porosity path in the term representing the free electrolyte and follows the clay porosity path in the term representing bound water. The differentiation between the two paths is accomplished by using two different formation factors one in the free water and another in the bound water term of the model. It also used two different cementation exponents to express formation factors in terms of porosity. The validity of the new model was checked using cation exchange capacities measured on core samples and drill cuttings. Calculated cation exchange capacities display good agreement with the measured cation exchange capacities. The water saturation calculated using the new model are more representative of hydrocarbon potential of the zones of interest. In addition, cation exchange capacity calculated using this modified model and log data acquired during drilling has shown potential for diagnosis of pending bit balling of PDC bits drilled with water based mud in overpressured shale

Association of liver function tests with severity of disease in patients with COVID-19

Background: We aimed to investigate the association of liver function tests with disease severity at admission and during hospitalization in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Blood tests of patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Liver tests included serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and albumin. Besides these, C-reactive protein and ferritin were also analyzed in the study. Levels of these tests at admission and peak levels during hospitalization were then recorded. Severe COVID-19 infection was defined as the reason for ICU admission. Both the associations of the levels of liver tests at admission and peak levels during hospitalization with severe disease were evaluated. Results: The study included a total of 602 patients, and 127 (21.1%) of the patients were hospitalized in the ICU. In our study, only albumin level abnormality was significantly associated with severe disease in COVID-19 patients at admission. However, during hospitalization, a significant association was found between severe disease and abnormal AST, ALT, GGT, T.BIL, albumin, and ferritin levels. During hospitalization, it was also observed that the rates of severe disease cases increased as AST, ALT, GGT, and T.BIL levels increased. Conclusions: Abnormal liver function tests may be a predictor for severe disease in patients with COVID-19. It is therefore important to monitor liver function tests in hospitalized patients

MRONJ approach of medical doctors who prescribing antiresorptive drug

Amaç: Diş çekimi gibi çene üzerinde cerrahi işlem uygulandığında, kemik iyileşmesinin bozulmasıyla çenenin bifosfonat ilişkili nekrozu meydana gelebilir. Bifosfonat kullanan hasta sayısının her geçengün artması ve çenelerin ilaçlara bağlı gelişen osteonekrozu (MRONJ)olgularındaki yükseliş, hekimlerin bu komplikasyonla karşılaşma ihtimalîni artırmaktadır. Hekimler, diş hekimleri ve hastalar tarafındanMRONJ farkındalığı; erken teşhis, tedavi ve önlenmesi açısındanönemlidir. Bu çalışmada, antirezorptif ve antianjiyojenik ilaçları reçeteeden tıp doktorlarının, ciddi bir komplikasyon olan MRONJ ile ilgilifarkındalıklarını ve yaklaşımlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya bazı üniversite hastaneleri, eğitimve araştırma hastaneleri ve özel sağlık kurumlarında çalışan; ortopedi,dahiliye, romatoloji, fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon ve onkoloji uzmanları dâhil edilmiştir. Katılan hekimlere, bifosfonatlar ve MRONJ hakkındaki bilgileri, tedavi sürecindeki yaklaşımları ile ilgili 15 sorudanoluşan bir anket formunu yanıtlamaları istenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmayakatılan hekimlerin %46'sı asistan, %54'ü uzman doktordur. Hekimlerin%74'ü bu ilaçları osteoporoz tedavisi için reçete ederken, %47'si alendronatı tercih ettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Hekimlerin %21’i tedavi öncesidental muayeneyi önerirken, %51’i dental tedaviyi hastanın şikâyeti olduğunda önerdiğini bildirmiştir. Hekimlerin %22’si bifosfonat grubuMRONJ ile karşılaştığını bildirmiştir. Ayrıca hekimlerin uzmanlık alanları arasında, bifosfonata bağlı çene nekrozu hakkında bilgi durumudağılım oranları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır. Bununla beraber hekimlerin %16’sı bifosfonat grubu ilaç kullanımına bağlı çene nekrozu hakkında bilgisinin olmadığını bildirmiştir.Sonuç: Bifosfonat grubu ilaçları reçete eden tıp hekimlerinin, çenelerdegelişen MRONJ hakkındaki farkındalıklarının artması için bifosfonatlarve MRONJ ile ilgili eğitim stratejileri oluşturulmalıdır.ABS TRACT Objective: The number of patients using bisphosphonates is increasing day by day and the increase in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) cases increases the possibility of physicians to encounter this complication. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the awareness and approaches of medical doctors who prescribe antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs about MRONJ, which is a serious complication. Material and Methods: Some researchers working in university hospitals, education and research hospitals and private health institutions; orthopedics, internal medicine, rheumatology, physical therapy-rehabilitation and oncology specialists are included in this study. To the attending physicians; they were asked to answer a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions about their knowledge about bisphosphonates and MRONJ and their approach to the treatment process. Results: Fourty six percent of the physicians participating in the study were residents and 54% were specialists. Seventy four percent of the physicians prescribed these drugs for osteoporosis treatment, while 47% preferred alendronate. While 21% of the physicians recommended dental examination before treatment, 51% reported that they recommended dental treatment when the patient complained. 22% of physicians reported that they encountered jaw necrosis due to drug use in the bisphosphonate group. In addition, there is a statistically significant difference between the specialties of the physicians in terms of knowledge distribution of jaw necrosis due to bisphosphonate. However, 16% of physicians reported that they did not know about chin necrosis related to the use of bisphosphonate drugs. Conclusion: Training strategies about bisphosphonates and MRONJ should be developed in order to increase the awareness of the physicians who prescribe bisphosphonate group drugs about the developing MRONJ

Evaluation of fms, dynamic balance and jump performance in faculty of sports sciences students

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference between the Functional Movement Screening (FMS), dynamic balance and drop jump values of male and female athletes and non-athletes. 41 athletes (23 male and 18 female) and 27 non-athletes (14 male and 13 female) participated in this study. FMS, Y balance, 40 and 50 cm drop jump tests values of participants were collected, respectively. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 statistical program. Two Independent Samples t-test was used to analyze the differences between groups. Comparisons of athlete male-female groups demonstrated significant differences in terms of FMS, 40-50 cm height, flight times, power, Reactive Strenght Index (RSI) and 50 cm ground contact times, that of non-athlete male-female indicated significant differences in regard to right leg Y Balance Test Composite Scores, 40-50 cm jumping height, flight times, power and RSI values. Moreover, there are significant differences in terms of FMS scores in athlete-nonathlete female groups (p<0.05). Regardless of sportiveness, significant differences were found in 40-50 cm jumping height, flight times, power, RSI, contact times between genders. FMS scores can serve as a guide for long-term athlete development and injury prevention programs

Histopathologic Evaluation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hypothyroidism-Induced Rats

It is speculated that thyroid hormones may be involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. A literature scan, however, demonstrated conflicting results from studies investigating the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate NAFLD, from the histopathologic perspective, in hypothyroidism-induced rats. Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group consumed water containing methimazole 0.025% (MMI, Sigma, USA) for 12 weeks and the control group consumed tap water. At the end of week 12, serum glucose, ALT, AST, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, TSH, fT4, fT3, visfatin, and insulin assays were performed. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and “Oil Red-O” for histopathologic examination of the livers. In our study, we detected mild hepatosteatosis in all hypothyroidism-induced rats. There was statistically significant difference with respect to obesity between the two groups (p<0.001). The mean fasting blood glucose was 126.25 ± 23.4 mg/dL in hypothyroidism-induced group and 102.63 ± 15.51 mg/dL in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.032). The two groups did not differ statistically significantly with respect to visfatin levels (p>0.05). In conclusion, we found that hypothyroidism-induced rats had mild hepatosteatosis as opposed to the control group histopathologically. Our study indicates that hypothyroidism can cause NAFLD

How does Turkey face the Syrian refugee crisis?

Σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι να εντοπίσει τις επιπτώσεις που προκάλεσε η προσφυγική συριακή κρίση στην οικονομική, κοινωνική, πολιτική και πολιτιστική ζωή στην Τουρκία. Οι άμεσες επιπτώσεις περιλαμβάνουν: τις αυξήσεις των τιμών των ενοικίων, την άτυπη επέκταση της αγοράς εργασίας, τις μειώσεις των μισθών, την επιδείνωση του επιχειρηματικού περιβάλλοντος, την εγκληματικότητα και τη δημιουργία γκέτο. Η μελέτη αυτή χρησιμοποιεί δευτερογενή και πρωτογενή στοιχεία.The purpose of this thesis is to identify repercussions triggered by the Syrian refugee crisis over the economic, social, political and cultural life in Turkey. The direct implications include: rent prices hikes, informal labor market expansion, wage reductions, worsening business environment, criminality and ghettos, which cumulatively have disturbing effects on the local citizenry, influencing the leadership of the country to have a revised policy on Syrian migrants. This study uses secondary as well as primary data for producing an objective report by the collection of data in the epicenter of the refugee crisis, the southeastern Turkey. The findings of the study are specifically related to the topic of the thesis giving an insight into further research of this vibrant subject which will dominate the political agendas of Turkey as well international community

Isıl işlem görmüş sucuk formülasyonunda yer fıstığı yağı ve keten tohumu yağı kullanılarak hazırlanan O/W jel emülsiyonlarının (soğuk jelleşme) yağ girdisi olarak kullanımının ürün kalitesine etkilerinin araştırılması

The present study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of using oil in water(O/W) cold gel emulsion (JE) prepared with peanut oil and linseed oil as fat source in heat treated sucuks. Four sucuk formulations prepared with 20% beef fat, 10% beef fat, 20% JE or 10% JE. The effects of fat source and amount on quality characteristics of sucuk samples were examined. Results showed that, using JE in sucuk formulations increased pH and acidity values of the samples, while decreased aw. The addition of JE had significant effect on texture parameters of the sucuk samples. In the emulsion groups, lower L * values and higher a * values were observed. . TBARS values were lower in sucuk dough, while peroxide values were higher during the storage period in emulsion groups. 20% JE resulted an increament in peroxide and TBARS values. Sensory properties were found similar except rancid taste. The overall acceptability of the experimental groups were found similar. it was determined that the usage of O/W JE has affected the oxidation values. JE prepared with peanut oil and linseed oil have potential to be used as fat source in sucuk formulation.Bu çalışmada yer fıstığı yağı (YFY) ve keten tohumu yağı (KTY) hazırlanan ile su içinde yağ (O/W) soğuk jel emülsiyonunun (JE) ısıl işlem görmüş sucuk formülasyonunda yağ kaynağı olarak kullanılmasının sucuk kalitesi üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yağ girdisi olarak %20 sığır et yağı (K1), %10 sığır et yağı (K2), %20 JE (JE1) veya %10 (JE2) JE içeren dört farklı sucuk formülasyonu hazırlanmıştır. Sucuk formülasyonlarına ilave edilen yağ kaynağının ve miktarının ürünlerin kalitesine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sucuk formülasyonlarında JE kullanımının örneklerin pH ve asitlik değerlerini artırdığı, su aktivitesini azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. JE ilavesi sucuk örneklerinin doku parametreleri üzerinde anlamlı farklılıklar oluşturmuştur. Emülsiyon gruplarında daha düşük L* değerleri ve daha yüksek a* değerleri gözlenmiştir. En yüksek okside lezzet %20 JE kullanılan örneklerde hissedilmiştir. Deneme gruplarının dusuyal kalitesi okside lezzet karakreti dışında benzer bulunmuştur. JE kullanımı oksidasyon değerlerini etkilemiştir. Emülsiyon gruplarında hamur TBARS değerleri daha düşük tespit edilmişken, peroksit değerleri depolama periyodu boyunca daha yüksek bulgulanmıştır. Yer fıstığı yağı ve keten tohumu yağı ile hazırlanan JE sucuk formülasyonunda sağlıklı yağ kaynağı olarak kullanılmasının mümkün olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Fermente Sosis Formülasyonlarında Uygulanan Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar

Son yıllarda, tüketicilerin sağlıklı beslenme konusundaki bilinç düzeyi ve beklentilerindeki değişim ile birlikte, gıda endüstrisinde kolesterol, yağ ve tuz içeriği azaltılmış aynı zamanda fonksiyonel olarak geliştirilmiş daha sağlıklı gıda ürünlerinin formüle edilmesine yönelik araştırma ve geliştirme (Ar-Ge) çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. Yüksek oranda doymamış yağ, kolesterol ve tuz içermeleri, kürleme katkısı olarak kullanılan nitritin karsinojen N-nitrozamin bileşiklerinin oluşumuna neden olması tüketicilerin fermente et ürünlerine kaygıyla yaklaşmalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle sağlığı ön planda tutan, fonksiyonel olarak geliştirilmiş, besleyici değeri yüksek ürün formülasyonlarının geliştirilmesi konusunda çalışmalar sürdürülmektedir. Bu makalede, fermente et ürünlerinde hayvansal yağın ve kullanılan doğal olmayan katkı maddelerinin olumsuz etkilerini azaltacak ve/veya ortadan kaldıracak sağlıklı ürün formülasyonlarının geliştirilmesi konusunda yürütülen çalışmalar derlenmiştir.In recent years, research and development studies have accelerated to formulate healthier, functional food products with a reduced fat, cholesterol, and salt content in food industry as a result of the changes in consumer expectations. Meat and meat products are important sources of proteins, vitamins and minerals, but they also contain saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, salt and nitrite which interacts with secondary amines to form carcinogenic N-nitrosamine compounds. Therefore, healthy product formulations to reduce and/or eliminate negative effects of animal fat, salt and nitrite additives in fermented meat products have been continuously studied. in this study, researches on healthy fermented meat product formulations to reduce and/or eliminate negative effects of animal fat and some additives in fermented meat products are presented