Emancipating Identity: The Differential Effect of Organizational Identification on Commitment and Performance

Research on organizational identity (OI) and organizational identification (OID) has long considered the two concepts as inseparable. There is also a rising concern among scholars that OID and organizational commitment (OC) might be misrepresented and used interchangeably. These together raise the question: can OI, OID, and OC substitute each other, or should firms make an effort to establish all three differentially in order to capitalize on their unique effects on performance outcomes? In this study, we aim to address these unanswered inquiries with regards to how OI, OID, and OC are interrelated yet distinct constructs that in turn play unique roles in increased performance outcomes. We argue that, OI, OID and OC are distinct constructs that have differential effects on performance outcomes. By first looking at the effect of OI and OID on OC, we aimed to understand the differential relationship of OI and OID with OC. Also, we aimed to examine the concurrent effects of all three constructs namely OI, OID, and OC on individual performance. Drawing on the social identity and social categorization theories, we develop and empirically test a conceptual model where we examine the effects of OI and OID on OC and the effect of OC on individual performance. Through examining the data collected by 345 employees in the education sector, we show that OI and OID have positive significant effects on OC. Further, the results of our hierarchical multiple regression analyses reveal that OI, OID, and OC have positive and significant effects on individual performance

Eymir Gölü Arazisinde Trafo Yağı Kaynaklı Pcb Kirliliğinin Belirlenmesi, Modellenmesi Ve Pcb'li Trafo Yağlarının Bertarafının İncelenmesi

Önerilen çalışmanın amaçları: Eymir Gölü'nün ve civar arazinin PCBler kaynaklı kirlilik durumunun detaylı örnekleme çalışmaları yapılarak belirlenmesi, Kirlenmeye sebep olan PCB karışımlarının ve PCBlerin akıbetinin incelenmesi amacıyla modelleme çalışmalarının gerçekleştirilmesi, PCBlerle kirlenmiş toprakların iyileştirilmesinin araştırılması amacıyla anaerobik çürütücülerde PCBlerin klorsuzlaştırılması ve toksisitesinin azaltılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Önerilen çalışma üç ana başlıkta toplanabilir. Bunlar: (1) Eymir gölü ve civarında saha çalışmaları yaparak numunelerin toplanması ve analiz edilmesi, (2) PCB kirliliğinin kaynak profillerinin ve degradasyonun incelenmesi amacıyla reseptör modellerinin uygulanması, (3) Trafo yağında bulunan PCBlerin anaerobik çürütücüde klorsuzlaştırılmasının araştırılması

Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in treatment plant sludge: Implications on sludge management

Past usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) in commercial products resulted in their continuous emission from sources. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are the main sinks resulting from their industrial and domestic usage as well as atmospheric deposition. This preliminary study examined levels of PBDEs and HBCDD in urban and industrial WWTP sludge samples for the first time from Turkey. PBDE concentrations (sum of 26 congeners) of eight samples collected from four WWTPs were between 300 and 655 ng g(-1) dw and 67-2.5*10(7) ng g(-1) dw, and HBCDD concentrations (sum of alpha-, beta-, and gamma- diastereoisomers) ranged 75-616 ng g(-1) dw and 13 -416 ng g(-1) dw, for urban and industrial WWTP samples, respectively. Although PBDEs have never been produced in Turkey, the highest PBDE concentration in sewage sludge worldwide was identified in one of the WWTPs. PBDE and HBCDD levels in other sludge samples were comparable to those reported in the literature. Application of a chemical mass balance model (CMB) suggested: (i) the main source of PBDEs as deca-BDE mixture; (ii) influence of a background air PBDE profile for one of the industrial WWTPs, having low contamination; (iii) indoor dust PBDE contamination as another source for urban WWTPs. The preliminary results for BFR levels in Turkey were discussed in terms of sludge disposal methods used worldwide, and the need for regulatory limits for BFRs in sludge management

Assessment of temporal variation and sources of PCBs in the sediments of Mediterranean Sea, Mersin Bay, Turkey

Information on temporal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the coastal sediments of Mediterranean Sea, Mersin was compiled using data published between 1980 and 2009, and the present study. The first congener specific PCB results from the region yield concentration levels of Sigma(41) PCBs in sediments ranging from 0.61 to 1.04 ng g(-1). Sediment profiles show penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorobiphenyls, specifically, #149 and 153 as the most abundant congeners in all samples. Comparison of total PCB concentrations over time suggests no recent PCB input to the region. Using congener specific PCB data for the region, identity and contribution of PCB sources were also predicted using a chemical mass balance -based (CMB) receptor model. The CMB model identified Aroclor 1260 to be the major PCB source in coastal sediments. The potential sources for the PCBs were briefly discussed in terms of their use in various industrial applications

Affinity of clinoptilolite-based zeolites towards removal of Cd from aqueous solutions

Cd removal from aqueous solutions using as-received and pretreated forms of two different clinoptilolite samples (denoted GC and BC) was investigated and dissimilar sorption affinities were revealed. Equilibrium behavior of systems were modeled using six different adsorption isotherms. The maximum sorption capacities, as obtained from the solubility-normalized Dubinin-Astakhov model for as-received samples, were determined as 0.18meq/g and 0.12meq/g for GC and BC, whereas 0.72meq/g and 0.41meq Cd/g was determined for their pretreated forms, respectively. Examination of the release of exchangeable cations into the solution at equilibrium and the change of pH were discussed in terms of varying prevalence of ion exchange, dissolution of the sorbent and adsorption

Levels, Distribution, and Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediments of Lake Eymir, Turkey

Little information is available on the occurrence and fate of persistent organic pollutants in lakes of Turkey. The present study was performed as a first step to assess the occurrence, spatial distribution, and potential sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface sediments of Lake Eymir located in a special protection area. I 41PCB pound concentrations range from 1.09 to 2.33 ng g(-1) in 62 sediment samples collected from the lake. The spatial homogeneity of the PCBs along the whole lake suggests the resuspension or redistribution of historic PCB contamination. A chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model was used to identify the possible sources of PCBs, for which a limited number of congeners are available for modeling purposes. Results indicated Clophen A60 to be the major PCB source in lake sediments. CMB analysis also showed the importance of a number of compounds used for the assessment of source contributions

Biostimulation enhanced the biotic degradation of hexabromocyclododecane in sediments

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate biodegradation of -hexabromocyclododecane (-HBCDD) under conditions mimicking three bioremediation strategies: (i) biostimulation: addition of sodium formate and ethanol to stimulate biodegradation as the carbon source and electron donor, respectively; (ii) bioaugmentation: addition of an enrichment culture of Dehalobium chlorocoercia strain DF-1; and (iii) natural attenuation: no amendments. To differentiate between biotic and abiotic mechanisms affecting -HBCDD degradation, four control microcosms were set up as sterile, negative, abiotic, and contaminant control.Materials and methodsSediment microcosms were prepared in 20-mL bottles and operated as duplicate sacrificial reactors with a sediment-to-liquid ratio of 3g wet solid:3.5mL liquid. Total incubation time was 36days with sampling every 4days, except the last day. -HBCDD contents of sediments were extracted using ultrasonication and analyzed using GC-MS. Four control microcosms were used to observe the effect of (i) microbial activity (sterilization with mercuric chloride and autoclaving), i.e., sterile; (ii) microbial culture without DF-1 cells, i.e., negative control; (iii) sediments, where kaolinite is used instead of sediments, i.e., abiotic control; and (iv) -HBCDD, where no analyte is added, i.e., contaminant control.Results and discussionBiostimulation showed the highest -HBCDD biodegradation rate (k=0.0542day(-1)) and enhanced biodegradation compared to natural attenuation (k=0.0155day(-1)). Bioaugmentation (k=0.0123day(-1)) with DF-1 strain showed a sharp decrease at the beginning, but could not maintain this trend afterwards. Paired comparison of microcosms yielded no statistically significant difference between bioaugmentation and natural attenuation; hence, DF-1 strain did not improve degradation when compared to natural attenuation. This was also substantiated by observations from the negative control set. Sterile and abiotic control sets showed no significant concentration change in time. Consequently, adsorption was not considered as a significant mechanism acting on -HBCDD concentration change in our sediment microcosms. Thus, -HBCDD decrease observed in bioremediation microcosms was attributed to microbial activity.ConclusionsWe reported effective analyte degradation with biostimulation. This was the first study to test bioaugmentation for HBCDD degradation, but we observed no enhancement of degradation with the DF-1 strain tested. Previous studies observed HBCDD reduction in their sterilized controls, hence reported total biotic and abiotic degradation rate. In this study, comparative evaluation of three test and four control microcosms enabled identification of only anaerobic biodegradation rates for -HBCDD, providing useful information for bioremediation of contaminated sites