Double-application of platelet-rich plasma on bone healing in rabbits

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is considered to enhance bone formation especially at early stages of wound healing, depending on the limited and short life-span of platelets and growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of double-application of PRP (DA-PRP) on bone healing in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Study design: Twenty-eight rabbits, each had two surgically prepared calvarial bone defects (10mm diameter), were included in this study and randomly divided into six groups. Defects (n=56) were treated with single-application of PRP (SA-PRP)(n=10), SA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (SA-PRP+TCP)(n=10), DA-PRP (n=8), DA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (DA-PRP+TCP)(n=8), beta-tricalciumphosphate (TCP)(n=10) or left empty (Control)(n=10). Animals were sacrificed at 30 days postoperatively. Results: The new bone (NB%) and defect fill (DF%) percentages were calculated from histological slides by image-analyzer software and statistically analysed. All test groups showed higher NB% than control, but differences among all groups were insignificant. The TCP treated groups had significantly higher DF% than groups treated without TCP, however the DF% differences between control, SA-PRP and DA-PRP or TCP, SA-PRP+TCP or DA-PRP+TCP were insignificant. Conclusion: Although new bone formation was histomorphologically remarkable at double-application PRP groups, statistical analyses of the histomorphometric data revealed no significant difference. © Medicina Oral S. L

EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID INTERLEUKIN-8 LEVELS OF PATIENTS WITH DOWN S SYNDROME BEFORE AND AFTER PERIODONTAL THERAPY

DSİ u 21. kromozomun trisomisinin neden olduğu genetik bir bozukluktur. DSİ unun en büyük özelliği çocuklardaki zeka geriliğidir. DSİ lu bireylerde periodontal hastalõk prevalans ve şiddetinin yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Savunma sistemiyle ilgili yapõlan çalõşmalar sonucunda DSİnda esas immün defektin timus bağõmlõ sistemde olduğu öne sürülmüştür. DSİ lu bireylerde özellikle nötrofil kemotaksisinde azalma ve fagositoz ile karakterize bozukluklar olduğu bilinmektedir. Bir sitokin olan IL-8\' in nötrofiller için kemotaktik olduğu ve bu hücrelerin endoteliyal hücrelere yapõşmalarõnõ arttõrdõğõ öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalõşmada, DSİ lu bireylerin DOS\' nda nötrofillerin kemotaksisinde önemli rolü olduğu düşünülen IL-8 seviyelerinin periodontal tedavi öncesi ve sonrasõnda ve aynõ yaş grubundaki sistemik ve periodontal olarak sağlõklõ kontrollerle karşõlaştõrõlmasõ ve aynõ zamanda DSİ lu bireyler için özel olarak hazõrlanan ve görsel etkinliği fazla olan bir programla oral hijyen eğitimi (OHE) vermek ve bu eğitim içinde ebeveynleri de dahil ederek verilecek periodontal tedavinin etkinliğini uzun dönemde değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalõşmada DSİ lu 15 birey, ebeveynleri ve sistemik ve periodontal yönden sağlıklı 15 birey yer almıştır. Tedavi öncesinde periodontal sağlık durumu tüm gruplarda PI, GI, CD ve radyografik yöntemler (panoramik) gibi klinik değerlendirmelerle belirlendi. Daha sonra tüm ebeveynlere ve DSİ lu bireylere bireysel olarak OHE, diştaşõ temizliği ve kök yüzeyi düzleştirmesi ve kazõmasõnõ (KDK) içeren başlangõç periodontal tedavi verildi. Periodontal tedavi sonrasõ 1., 3. ve 6. aylarda klinik indeksler tekrarlandõ ve düzenli olarak OHE ve periodontal tedavi verildi. Başlangõç klinik indekslerin alõnmasõndan 1 gün sonra DOS toplandõ. Faz I periodontal tedavi sonrasõ 1. ayda tekrar DOS örnekleri toplandõ. DOS\' daki IL-8 seviyeleri için analizler ELİSA yöntemiyle değerlendirildi. Tüm gruplarda Faz Ι periodontal tedavi ve özel olarak verilen OHE\' ni takiben başlangõç seviyeleriyle kõyaslandõğõnda PI, GI ve CD değerlerinde 1, 3 ve 6. aylarda anlamlõ bir düşüş gözlenmiştir. DOS IL-8 seviyeleri DSi lu bireylerde kontrol grubuna göre anlamlõ bir farklõlõk göstermemiştir. Aynõ zamanda, DS lu bireylerin TÖ (B) ve TS (1.ay) değerleri karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir farklõlõk gözlenmemiştir. Çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, DOS\' daki IL-8 miktarının DSİ lu bireylerdeki periodontal durumla ilişkili olmadığını öne sürmektedir. Bununla birlikte elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar DSİ lu bireylere ve ebeveynlerine düzenli olarak verilen OHE\' nin ve periodik periodontal tedavinin DSİ lu bireylerdeki periodontal hastalõğõn ilerlemesinin durdurulmasõnda etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir.DS is an autosomal disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21. The syndrome is characterized by mental deficiency in these children. The high prevalance and severity of periodontal disease has been reported in subjects with DS patients. The high prevalence of periodontal disaese in these patients may be because of impaired host defense associated with reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, impaired neutrophil phagocytoxis, reduced T lymphocyte counts and immature T lymphocytes. IL-8 is a proinflammatory chemokine, a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils. IL-8 is is produced in the epithelium of the gingival tissues in response to bacterial exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phase I periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-8. 15 DS, their parents and 15 periodontally healthy controls (C) were included in this study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) probing depth (PD) measurements were recorded a single examiner and radiographic examinations were performed from both DS patients and primer care givers. After clinical and radiographical examinations GCF samples were collected from the DS and C patients before treatment (BT). DS patient s and their parent s oral health was evaluated over the following 6 months which period monthly care consisted of professional tooth cleaning, scaling and root planing, oral hygiene instructions and counselling to the primer care givers. Clinical parameters were recorded at the baseline and the 1st,3rd and 6th months of the study. GCF samples were collected from the DS and C patients once more 1 month after the therapy (AT ) Assays for IL-8 were performed by an ELISA method. DS and parent groups showed statistically significant reductions in PI, GI and PD scores following the phase I periodontal treatment. PI, GI and PD scores at the 1st,3rd and 6th months exhibited a statistically significant decrease when compared to the baseline. GCF levels of IL-8 were significantly higher in DS group before the treatment than controls. But no significant difference was obtained when GCF BT and AT IL-8 levels of DS patients and DS groups BT and control groups IL-8 levels were compared. These results suggest that IL-8 can t be associated with the periodontal status in DS patients and periodic preventive care and systematic oral hygiene instructions given to the DS patients and their primer care givers is effective for suppressing the progression of periodontal disease in patients with DS