Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of Turkish sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) varieties using ISSR markers and chloroplast trnL-F IGS region

Genetic diversity levels are critical for characterizing and utilizing germplasm collections and for making improvements related to elite germplasms. The current study investigated the genetic diversity level and phylogenetic relationships in ten Turkish sweet corn varieties (Zea mays var. saccharata) using 15 ISSR markers and trnL-F intergenic spacer regions, respectively. A total of 75 loci were identified, of which 57 (76%) were polymorphic. The highest polymorphism ratio (100%) was found using UBC811, UBC817, and UBC823 ISSR markers, while the lowest ratio (45.4%) was identified using UBC829. According to trnL-F intergenic spacer region analyses, nucleotide diversity was found as π: 0.030 for Nei and θ: 0.036 for Watterson, respectively. In trnL-F intergenic spacer regions, several polymorphic (variable) sites were identified 28 of which 57% (16/28) were parsimony informative sites and 399 sites were invariable (monomorphic). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that two major groups were observed named groups A and B and ten sweet corn genotypes clustered along with known maize genotypes in subgroup B2 with 98% bootstrap value. Consequently, the ISSR data obtained in this study revealed that Turkish sweet corn genotypes exhibit extensive genetic diversity, and the trnL-F intergenic spacer region was successfully utilized to differentiate between maize genotypes from various origins and whole plant taxa

Exploration of two major boron transport genes BOR1 and NIP5;1 in the genomes of different plants

Boron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient but studies regarding its transport are still limited to a few plants. This work identified two major B transport sequences in plants, NIP5;1 boric acid channel protein and BOR1 transporter. 80 BOR1 and 34 NIP5;1 homologs were identified in 18 different plant genomes. BOR1 homologs had a HCO3-transporter domain, 649-737 amino-acid residues with mainly basic nature, putative 8-11 transmembrane domains (TMDs) and 11-13 exons. NIP5;1 homologs had a MIP family domain, 294-311 amino-acid residues with basic nature, 5-6 putative TMDs and 3-5 exons. Tyrosine-based motif, acidic di-leucine motif and lysine residue, reported for polarity, vacuolar sorting and B-dependent degradation, were identified in BOR1 homologs. Two NPA motifs and an ar/R selectivity filter with AIGR residues, reportedly essential in B transport, were also found in NIP5;1 homologs. Two NPA motifs in AtNIP5;1 and OsNIP3;1 homologs were NPS and NPV, whereas in sequences homologous to AtNIP6;1 were NPA/V. Besides, ar/R selectivity filters were identified with A(N/S/T)IGR residues in NIP5;1 and NIP3;1 homologs. The BOR1 and NIP5;1 model structures were mainly conserved. Under different perturbations, Arabidopsis thaliana NIP5;1 and NIP6;1 genes demonstrated similar expression patterns although they act in different tissues, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism, whereas BOR1 showed a different expression pattern. BOR1 was substantially expressed in primary root, radicle and flower; NIP5;1 in primary root and roots, and NIP6;1 in petiole. NIP5;1, 6;1 and BOR1 expression in other plant organs implied their involvement in different pathways in addition to B uptake and its mobilization.WOS:0005389249000012-s2.0-8508709347

Determination of phytoplankton density, and study of the variation of nutrients and heavy metals in the surface water of Riva Stream; one of the water sources of Istanbul, Turkey

In this study, the water quality and heavy metal pollution status of Riva Stream which is related to omerli Dam Lake, one of the water resources of Istanbul (Turkey), was determined. For this purpose, some physicochemical parameters, phytoplankton compositions, some nutrient, and heavy metal concentrations in the surface water of Riva Stream were investigated. Samples were collected at six sampling sites in the course of the stream in February 2012 and May 2012. A total of 19 taxa, belonging to five divisions, were identified. The phytoplankton density varied from 47 to 264ind./cm(3); chlorophyll-a contents varied between 1.52 and 1.83mg/m(3). Measured concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients showed difference related to sampling points. As a result of measurements, the lowest and highest heavy metal and mineral nutrient concentrations of measured water samples were as follows: Al (617.40-1094.16g/L), B (1010.40-5736.00g/L), Ca (1015.80-1925.40mg/L), Cd (1.45-5.22g/L), Cr (61.26-164.16g/L), Cu (35.04-372.66g/L), Fe (28.50-369.06g/L), K (179.10-1314.60mg/L), Mg (202.68-1755.60mg/L), Na (669.00-1553.40mg/L), Ni (40.62-269.70g/L), Pb (6.48-76.86g/L), and Zn (429.18-990.60g/L). It was observed that Riva Stream is highly polluted by some heavy metals, and a number of heavy metal resistant/tolerant phytoplankton species are present in the stream. Pearson's correlation and Spearman rank correlation analyses were applied to examine the relationship between Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn, pH, chlorophyll-a, salinity, and conductivity. The physicochemical characteristics of Riva Stream as a high concentration of nutrients make it a similar eutrophic. It is required that, Riva Stream should be taken under protection as soon as possible for improving its water quality by relevant authorities

DETERMINATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON DENSITY, SOME NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS IN THE SURFACE WATER OF RIVA STREAM; ONE OF THE WATER RESOURCES OF ISTANBUL, TURKEY

In this study, water quality and heavy metal pollution status of Riva Stream, which is related to Omerli Dam Lake, one of the water resources of Istanbul-Turkey, was determined. For this purpose, some physicochemical parameters, phytoplankton compositions, some nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in the surface water of Riva Stream were investigated. Samples were collected at six sampling sites in the course of the stream in February and May 2012. A total of 19 taxa, belonging to 5 divisions, were identified. The phytoplankton density varied from 47 ind/cm(3) to 264 ind/cm(3); chlorophyll-a contents varied between 1.52 and 1.83 mg/m3. Measured concentrations of heavy metals and nutrients showed difference related to sampling points. As a result of measurements, the lowest and highest heavy metal and mineral nutrient concentrations of measured water samples were as follows; Al (617.4-1094.16 mu g/L), B (1010.4-5736 mu g/L), Ca (1015.8-1925.4 mg/L), Cd (1.45-5.22 mu g/L), Cr (61.26-164.16 mu g/L), Cu (35.04-372.66 mu g/L), Fe (28.5-369.06 mu g/L), K (179.1-1314.6 mg/L), Mg (202.68-1755.60 mg/L), Na (669-1553.4 mg/L), Ni (40.6-269.7 mu g/L), Pb (6.48-76.8 mu g/L) and Zn (429.18-990.6 mu g/L). It was observed that Riva Stream is highly polluted by some heavy metals, and a number of heavy metal resistant/tolerant phytoplankton species are present in the stream. The physico-chemical characteristics of Riva Stream as a high concentration of nutrients make it a similar eutrophic. It is required that, Riva Stream should be taken under protection as soon as possible for improving its water quality by relevant authorities