Profesyonel Psikolojik Yardım Aramaya İlişkin Tutumların Yordanmasında Benlik Kurgusu ve Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Rolü

This study aimed to investigate sources of social support and to examine predictive power of self-construal and social support on attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among young adults. Study group consists of 229 young adults who are university graduates. Attitudes toward Seeking Psychological Help Scale-Shortened, Relational, Individual, and Collective Self-aspects Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were utilized to collect the data. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and stepwise regression analysis. It was found that participants share problems primarily with their parents, spouses, and friends. Regression analysis revealed that individualistic self-construal, collectivistic self-construal and perceived social support from friends significantly predicted attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Individualistic self-construal and perceived social support from friends positively predicted attitudes toward seeking psychological help, whereas collectivistic self-construal negatively predicted attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. The findings obtained from the study were discussed in the light of the related literature and some suggestions were made for future research.Bu araştırmanın amacı, genç yetişkinlerin yaşadıkları sorunların çözümünde başvurdukları destek kaynaklarının saptanması ve benlik kurguları ve sosyal desteğin profesyonel psikolojik yardım aramaya ilişkin tutumları anlamlı bir şekilde yordayıp yordamadığının incelenmesidir. Çalışma grubunu 229 üniversite mezunu birey oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılara Psikolojik Yardım Almaya İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği-Kısa Formu, İlişkisel-Bireyci-Toplulukçu Benlik Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans, yüzde ve aşamalı çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, bireylerin sorunların çözümünde öncelikli olarak ailelerinden, eşlerinden ve arkadaşlarından yardım istedikleri saptanmıştır. Regresyon analizinde, bireyci benlik kurgusu, toplulukçu benlik kurgusu ve arkadaşlardan algılanan sosyal desteğin bireylerin profesyonel psikolojik yardım aramaya ilişkin tutumlarını yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bireyci benlik kurgusunun ve arkadaşlardan algılanan sosyal desteğin profesyonel psikolojik yardım aramaya ilişkin tutumları pozitif yönde, toplulukçu benlik kurgusunun ise negatif yönde yordadığı saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur

Hemşirelik ve Ebelik Bölümü Öğrencilerin Benlik Bilinci ve Kendini Değerlendirme Düzeylerinin Akademik Başarı ile İlişkisi

The aim of this study is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between levels of self awareness, self evaluation and academic achievment in nursing and midwife students over the four years of thier training. The Self Awareness Scale (SAS) and Self Evaluation Scale (SAS) were used for the study. The sample consisted of nursing (n=32) and midwifery (n=36) students at Ankara University Cebeci School of Health. In this cohort study, the scales were applied eight times over four years. An increase in scores was observed on both scales over the four years. A significant relationship was found between academic success and the SAS scores of third and fourth year nursing students. However, no such relationship was found in the case of midwifery students. A significant relationship was found for these students between academic succes and the SES scores in the second, third and fourth classes. In general, midwifery students enter university with lower entrance scores than nursing students. It is thus possible that their professional misgivings are greater than those of nursing students. As a result, it is possible to say that the self awareness of higher education students is affected positively. Çalışmanın amacı, dört yıl boyunca ebelik ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin benlik bilinci, kendini değerlendirme ve akademik başarıları arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını incelemektir. Çalışmada “Benlik Bilinci Ölçeği” ve “Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya Ankara Üniversitesi Cebeci Sağlık Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören 32 hemşirelik ve 36 ebelik öğrencisi alınmıştır. Ölçekler dört yıl boyunca sekiz kez uygulanmıştır. Dört yıl boyunca her iki ölçekte puanların arttığı gözlenmiştir. Üçüncü ve dördüncü yıl, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin Benlik Bilinci Ölçeği puanları ve akademik başarıları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur. Ancak ebelik öğrencilerinde anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. Ebelik öğrencilerinin ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıflarında kendini değerlendirme ve akademik başarı arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur. Genel olarak ebelik bölümü öğrencilerinin giriş puanlarının, hemşirelik bölümü öğ- rencilerine göre düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuca bakarak, ebelik öğrencilerinin hemşirelik öğrencilerine göre mesleki ilgilerinin daha az olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, yükseköğretimin öğrencilerin benlik bilincini olumlu yönde etkilediği söylenebilir

Masculinity and Seeking Psychological Help: A Review Based on Social Identity Theory

To improve their quality of life and mental health, people need psychological help. Past research revealed that although participants reported low levels of life satisfaction, they were hesitant to seek psychological help. In the literature, this situation has been defined as mental health treatment gap. In this context, research focuses on reducing the treatment gap by identifying factors that facilitate and hinder seeking psychological help. Many studies consistently report that men are more reluctant to seek psychological help than women. Therefore, there is a need for a more detailed examination of the factors that affect men's reluctance to seek psychological help. Based on this fact, the study's primary purpose is to provide enlightening information about why men avoid seeking psychological help and the factors that encourage them to seek help. In this study, masculinity's role in seeking help is emphasized in the context of Social Identity Theory. However, past research findings on situations and contexts in which men are willing to seek psychological help are presented. Practitioners and researchers in the mental health field, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and psychological counselors, can learn a lot from the review's opinions on the role of traditional masculine norms in seeking psychological help

Inhibition on treatment of pesticide industry hazardous wastes

Bu çalışmada bir zararlı atık niteliğinde olan pestisit endüstrisinden kaynaklanan sıvı formdaki atıkların atıksu arıtma sistemi içerisinde en uygun arıtım mekanizmasının tespitine çalışılmıştır. Çalışmalar sırasında endüstrinin dengeleme tankından farklı tarihlerde üç adet numune alınmıştır. Uygulanan deneysel plan çerçevesinde numunelere kimyasal arıtma, ozonlama ve bakteriyel çoğalma inhibisyon testlerinden oluşan deneyler yapılmıştır. Kimyasal arıtma uygulanmalarında en uygun koagülan, doz ve pH tespitleri yapılmıştır. Ozonlama işleminde ise 477 mg/l ozon akısı kullanılarak 15, 30, 45, 60 ve 90. dakikalarda numuneler alınmış ve KOİ (Kimyasal Oksijen İhtiyacı) giderim verimleri hesaplanmıştır. Deneylerin son aşamasında numunelere bakteriyel çoğalma inhibisyon testi deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Deneylerin ilk aşamasında toplam KOİ giderimi bazında her ne kadar önce kimyasal arıtma uygulayıp daha sonra ozonlama yapmak daha iyi bir arıtma performansı sergilemiş olsa da, sadece KOİ giderimine bakarak numunelerin zehirlilikleri hakkında bir yorum yapabilmek mümkün değildir. Bu sebeple ortaya çıkan bütün arıtma alternatifleri için (kimyasal arıtma, ozonlama, kimyasal arıtma + ozonlama ve ozonlama + kimyasal arıtma) ve hamsular için bakteriyel çoğalma inhibisyon testi deneyleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarla EC50 değerleri ve literatürdeki yaygın substrat inhibisyonu modelleri kullanılarak Ki inhibisyon sabitleri bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlardan sadece ozonlama işlemi uygulanmış numunelerin EC50 değerlerinin (sırasıyla %24, %9 ve %8) hamsuyun EC50 değerlerinden (%21, %6,5 ve %6) çok farklı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tek başına kimyasal arıtma ve kimyasal arıtma ile birlikte ozonlama seçeneklerinin EC50 değerlerini belirgin bir şekilde arttırdığı görülmektedir. Ki inhibisyon sabiti açısından da durum çok farklı değildir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Zararlı atık, inhibisyon, ozonlama, kimyasal arıtma, pestisit endüstrisi atıksuları.According to the stipulations of the RCRA hazardous waste program, the majority of pesticide active materials have been given in priority pollutant lists. They are categorized according to their environmental effects such as biodegradability, toxicity, carcinogenity and persistency. Particularly, toxicity characteristic of pesticides by bioaccumulation may affect most of animals and hold health effect by appearing in food chain. Spent forms of those pesticide active materials have been considered as hazardous waste according to EPA and the Turkish regulations. In this study, a best practical technology was searched to treat a waste which is hazardous according to EPA lists and Turkish regulations in wastewater treatment system, generated by a pesticide industry. During the study, three samples were taken from industry?s equalization tank in different dates. Samples were characterized and than treatment alternatives were applied. First, coagulation and ozonation were applied to the raw sample separately. And than combinations of ozonation and coagulation were performed, than bacterial growth inhibition test was carried out after each treatment alternative. In combination coagulation and flocculation with ozonation chemical treatment was performed first by using FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3  and proper  coagulant, optimum coagulant dose and pH were determined. NaOH and H2SO4 were used for pH adjustment and non-ionic polyelectrolyte was used. Than these samples were ozonated and COD removal efficiencies has been determined by taking samples in 15, 30, 45, 60, 90. minutes. Ozone generator, used in this study, reaches the optimum operating efficiency by 5 L/min oxygen flux and with this flux it produces 477 mg ozone/min. In the next stage of the experiments chemical treatment was performed after ozone oxidation. Thus, treatment efficiencies of each system were determined in the terms of COD. A series of Jar-Test experiment applying 2 min rapid mixing at 200 rpm, 15 min slow mixing at 15 rpm and 30 min for settling was conducted on wastewater. Chemical treatability test results showed that FeCl3 treatment efficiency was better than Al2(SO4)3. Furthermore the COD values of the samples after chemical treatment by using FeCl3 and ozonation were reduced to 540 mg/L from 9500 mg/L with a %94 treatment efficiency for first sample, 1830 mg/L from 25000 mg/L with a %92 treatment efficiency for second sample and 2200 mg/L from 29000 mg/L with a %92 treatment efficiency for third sample. With an opposite procedure, when ozonation was applied before chemical treatment overall removal efficiencies were found % 78, %75, and %79 respectively in terms of COD. In the last stage of the experimental procedure bacterial growth inhibition test was performed to the samples. In this study it was found that the treatment efficiencies of ozonation following coagulation were higher than other alternatives. In spite of this, it is not possible to interpret toxicity potential of samples depending on only COD values. Therefore, bacterial growth inhibition test was carried out to the effluents of each treatment alternatives (coagulation, ozonation, coagulation + ozonation and ozonation + coagulation) and raw wastewaters. This test was done in a constant temperature shaker and 250 ml narrow-neck, round bottle was used as reactor. The test mixture in the bottles consisted of specific dilutions of wastewater, buffer solutions, nutrients and microorganisms. The dilution water in the standard biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test was used as dilution water. In addition one reactor was only fed with glucose for blank sample.  The bottles incubated 16 hours at 22 ± 2 0C temperature. After this time bacterial growth has been measured as mg/L with suspended solid experiments. EC50 values were evaluated by using graphs in which per cent of SS plotted versus the log of the dilutions. In order to determine the kinetic constants, four substrate inhibition models were evaluated by Least square technique. The results showed  that samples that are performed only ozonation  have similar EC50 values ( %24, %9, and %8 respectively) compared to raw wastewater (%21, %6,5 and %6 respectively). It was seen that only chemical treatment or chemical treatment with ozonation alternatives increases apparently the EC50 values. Similar results can be concluded for inhibition constant, Ki. Ki values of ozonated wastewater (1021, 848 and 1283 mg/L respectively) and raw wastewater (1484, 1177, 1113 mg /) are quite similar as indicated before. Keywords: Hazardous waste, inhibition, ozonation, chemical treatment, pesticide industry wastewater

Determination of some heavy metals and mineral nutrients of bay tree (Laurus nobilis L.) in Bartin city, Turkey

Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in Laurus nobilis L. were examined for assessment of the impact of heavy metal exposure during winter periods, since these metals have the highest toxic potential. In this study, leaf (washed and unwashed), bark and branch samples of L. nobilis and soil samples were collected from 13 different localities, belonged to three stations. In conjunction with analyzing impact of the heavy metal exposure on the city using L. nobilis as a biomonitoring tool, the uptake and composition of mineral nutrients of L. nobilis were also investigated for determining the effects of heavy metals on mineral nutrition metabolism of the plant. The heavy metal and mineral nutrient concentrations of the collected samples were measured by using ICP-OES. The obtained data was analyzed with SPSS statistics program. As a result of measurements, the lowest and highest heavy metal accumulations and the amount of mineral nutrients measured in plants were as follows; Al (14.69-122.44 mg/kg d. wt), Cd (0.23-0.89 mg/kg d. wt), Cu (1.64-14.25 mg/kg d. wt.), Ni (0.001-0.45 mg/kg d. wt.), Pb (2.06-5.28 mg/kg d. wt.) and B (1.04- 6.67 mg/kg d. wt.), Ca (1195.34-4919.03 mg/kg d. wt.), Fe (17.13-203.25 mg/kg d. wt.), K (538.99-3778.37 mg/kg d. wt.), Mg(48.1-268.5 mg/kg d. wt.), Na (24.91-77.43 mg/kg d. wt.) and Zn (4.75-15.74 mg/kg d. wt.). According to the experimental data, the volume of the air pollution was analyzed and found significant in the city. Also, it was noticed that the metabolism of mineral nutrients of L. nobilis was altered by heavy metals. Finally, it was proved that L. nobilis is a suitable organism to be used as a biomonitoring tool for conducting research on heavy metal pollution

Mineral element uptake status of endemic Isoetes anatolica Prada & Rolleri populations from Bolu-Turkey

Isoetes genus is commonly known as the "quillworts" and considered to be "fern allies". There are about 200-250 species, with a cosmopolitan distribution but often scarce to rare. Isoetes genus members often grow in extremely sensitive aquatic environments such as temporary ponds, streams and lakes. They are therefore good indicators of environmental quality. Isoetes anatolica Prada & Rolleri is an endemic plant grows on calcareous sediment/soil on the edges of seasonal ponds located in a mountainous area near the southern coast of the Black Sea at 1400 m above sea level at Bolu, Turkey. In this study, mineral element uptake statuses of I. anatolica populations were studied on the background of plant-sediment/soil-water interactions. The study materials were collected from the place where this narrow endemic species only lives in the world (Abant Region, Bolu/Turkey) by using standard methods and plant and sediment/soil mineral element measurements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) were done. ICP-OES was employed for the measurements during the study. Interrelations between mineral element contents in the sediment/soil, water and plant were discussed. The data revealed that I. anatolica is capable of accumulating considerable amounts of certain mineral elements (B, Ca, Mn and Na).Marmara University, Commission of Scientific Research Project (FEN-D-040712-0291

The Relationship between Th1/Th2 Balance and 1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

Objective:With regard to the correlation between T helper1/T helper2 (Th1/Th2) cell balance and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, active metabolite of vitamin D, we studied Th1/Th2 cell balance by measuring levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and interferon- gamma (IFN-γ), which are important for immune response of patients with allergic rhinitis.Methods:Thirty adult patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (study group) and 40 healthy volunteers (control group) are examined in the research. IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels from serum samples and vitamin D3 levels from plasma were determined in all patients.Results:In IgE, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels (p<0.05), a statistically noticeable difference was observed between the study and control group. The 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels in both groups were compared and a statistically significant difference between the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels in the study group and that in the control group (p<0.05) was observed. There was a positive correlation between IFN-γ and vitamin D levels (p<0.05) in the study group, whereas IgE, IL-4, and IL-10 levels showed a negative correlation with vitamin D3 levels (p<0.05).Conclusion:In our study, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels were associated with Th1/Th2 balance in allergic rhinitis, and a remarkable correlation was observed among vitamin D deficiency and allergy. These findings show that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may have a remarkable role in the severity and control of allergic disorders. In addition, further investigations are required to confirm how vitamin D should be used in allergic diseases. Furthermore, to reveal the exact mechanism of vitamin D on allergic diseases, further studies are required

Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (&lt;4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs