Investigation on the Accuracy of Existing Qibla Directions of the Mosques from Different Periods: A Case Study in Çorum City, Turkey

The main goal of this study is to introduce two different approaches (i.e. based on spherical trigonometric formula and using sun qibla time) that can be used to determine the qibla directions of the existing mosques were oriented with sufficient accuracy according to Islamic criteria. In order to do this, eight mosques which were constructed in different periods, 14th, 16th, 17th and 21st centuries in Çorum City, Turkey, were handled. The existing qibla directions of each mosque were calculated with spherical trigonometric formula and compared with the precisely calculated real qibla directions. The existing qibla directions of the same mosques were once more compared with the real qibla directions which were determined by using the qibla time calculated based on the location and the time of the measurement. The results show that the qibla directions of the recently built mosques were oriented to Kâ’ba with higher accuracy while the earlier with more deviations. However, the results show that all the deviations were at acceptable levels in terms of Islamic criteria

Recent tectonic features of the central part Bolu-Corum of the North Anatolian Fault

After the 1999 Izmit and Düzce earthquakes, the earth science studies increase on the NAF to better understand mechanism and to monitor the motion of it. Monitoring such motion can be achieved by the instrumental tools or techniques like GPS, InSAR, LIDAR, creep meter, etc. The GPS observations showed that while the NW-SE trending section of the NAF between Karlıova and Vezirköprü has nearly strike slip mechanism, the NE-SW trending section of the NAF between Vezirköprü and Bolu has transpressive character. While the fault-parallel velocities have been estimated from just a few GPS vectors available in the region, little is known about the fault-perpendicular component of the regional velocity. The rate of conversion and how it varies along strike are not known due to the sparsely distributed GPS benchmarks in the region. At the same time, the aseismic fault creep determined using InSAR has needed to proof and improve by other techniques and tools. For this propose the new project has been started to determine quantitatively the rate of convergence and its variation along segment of the NAF between Bolu and Çorum. In this study, we focus on the Bolu-Çorum segment of the NAFZ using GPS technique. The main aim of this study is determination of creep rate with geodetic measurements and combination of the data obtained from seismology, geodesy and geophysics to understand fault mechanism. Therefore, in this paper we discuss tectonic phenomena on the central part of the NAFZ and present the first results of the projec

Examining the Stream Threshold Approaches Used in Hydrologic Analysis

The stream threshold is a user-defined and important parameter that directly affects the drainage network and basin boundaries that would be obtained as a result of hydrological analysis. There have been several approaches developed for the stream threshold. According to the approaches treated in this study, the stream threshold is determined based on (1) the flow accumulation statistics: (a) 1% of the maximum flow accumulation value and (b) the mean flow accumulation value; (2) the flow accumulation values at the cells including the beginning points of the line features representing the existing streams; and (3) the adjacency and direction relationships between the cells including the beginning points of the lines in the drainage network to be derived. In this paper, a new approach as an integrant of the last approach was introduced (not only the adjacency and direction relationships between the cells including the beginning points, but also the adjacency and direction relationships amongst all of the cells, as well as including the lines considered). An experiment was conducted in accordance with the purpose of comparing and evaluating these approaches. According to the experimental results, it was found that the last two approaches differed from the first three approaches in terms of providing clues to the user regarding the quality and the quantity of the drainage network to be derived

Examining the Stream Threshold Approaches Used in Hydrologic Analysis

The stream threshold is a user-defined and important parameter that directly affects the drainage network and basin boundaries that would be obtained as a result of hydrological analysis. There have been several approaches developed for the stream threshold. According to the approaches treated in this study, the stream threshold is determined based on (1) the flow accumulation statistics: (a) 1% of the maximum flow accumulation value and (b) the mean flow accumulation value; (2) the flow accumulation values at the cells including the beginning points of the line features representing the existing streams; and (3) the adjacency and direction relationships between the cells including the beginning points of the lines in the drainage network to be derived. In this paper, a new approach as an integrant of the last approach was introduced (not only the adjacency and direction relationships between the cells including the beginning points, but also the adjacency and direction relationships amongst all of the cells, as well as including the lines considered). An experiment was conducted in accordance with the purpose of comparing and evaluating these approaches. According to the experimental results, it was found that the last two approaches differed from the first three approaches in terms of providing clues to the user regarding the quality and the quantity of the drainage network to be derived

Two-Dimensional Error Estimation in Point Positioning with Fuzzy Logic Bulanik Mantik Ile Nokta Konum Belirlemede Iki Boyutlu Hata Tahmini

© 2018 IEEE.Developments in technology and computer aims to facilitate the human life. Every new technology developed by computer science is tried to integrate into systems. Rapidly developing satellite, navigation and geographic information systems also use computer science. The position information that these systems provide to people has had too much importance in recent years. The low margin of error in point position estimation has become a criterion for developed technologies. In this study, a model based on fuzzy logic is developed for estimation of point position error. With this derived model, point position error prediction has been determined and the accuracy of estimates of the system has been measured

Determination of outdoor signal propagation via visibility analysis in outdoor wireless networks

Wireless networks on university campuses has gained importance in recent years. These networks in major areas such as university campuses, are faced with many problems during the planning, design and establishment. These problems are among the first that comes to mind, the physical properties of the campus and is selected according to the characteristics of network equipment. There is no doubt at all points of a wireless network set up in order to provide uninterrupted service and quality of the signal is expected to be good. However, it should be understood literally cannot meet these expectations. Therefore, to solve many problems to campus planning and design can be made to have acceptable signal distribution will have the appropriate use of and satisfaction with increasing effect. In this study, due to the start of construction on the North Campus of Hitit University, wireless signal spread using the current spread has been determined with the help of geographic information systems visibility analysis. An area of 56 hectares, with the total of 9 AP the acceptable signal distribution was obtained