Kronik Lenfositik Lösemi Lenfoma Olgularında P53 Ekspresyonunun ve Tp53 Mutasyon Varlığının Prognoz ile İlişkisi

hronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma (CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disease in adults. The aim of this study is to find out if the expression of p53 and/or p53 mutation status is related to disease prognosis. In the scope of this study, 54 biopsy specimens from 51 patients (50 of them are lymph node, others are spleen, tonsil, orbita and liver) diagnosed as CLL in Hacettepe University Department of Pathology in 2000-2013, were re-evaluated. The clinical and demographic data of patients were obtained from our patients? database. Biopsy samples were assessed semi-quantitatively for the percentage of proliferation center/total biopsy area (PM/TBA) and an immunohistochemical study was performed on representative blocks of tissues for p53 expression levels. DNA was isolated from samples with high (?%5) p53 expression and the sequence analysis was performed for exons 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of TP53 gene. When the patients are divided into two categories according to the RAI stages as high and low (stage 0, 1, 2 vs stage 3, 4) it was seen that patients with low RAI stage have a better prognosis than those with high stages (p=0,030). However there is no statistically significant correlation between overall survival and PM/TBA ratio, p53 expression levels, blood leukocyte, absolute lymphocyte, platelet and hemoglobin counts. P53 sequences could be obtained from 10 cases due to poor quality of DNA extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples. Among these 10 cases 2 had a GCC>GGT nucleotide change on codon 154. As a result, in this study where a limited number of cases could be assessed, no correlation could be shown between high expression levels of p53 observed with immunohistochemistry and presence of TP53 mutations. In the light of the studies emphasizing the importance of the effect of TP53 abnormalities on CLL prognosis, we foresee that TP53 mutation analysis may be a routine test with newly developed next generation sequencing techniques.Kronik lenfositik lösemi/lenfoma (KLL) erişkin bireylerde en sık görülen lenfoproliferatif hastalıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı KLL tanısı almış hastaların doku örneklerindeki p53 ekspresyonu ve TP53 mutasyon durumu ile prognozları arasında bağlantı olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı?nda 2000-2013 yılları arasında KLL tanısı almış? 51 hastanın 54 biyopsi örneği yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların klinik ve demografik verileri hasta veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemede biyopsi örneklerinde proliferasyon merkezlerinin tüm biyopsi alanına oranı yarı kantitatif olarak değerlendirilmiş ve seçilen temsili bloklardan elde edilen kesitlerde immünohistokimyasal yöntemle p53 ekspresyonuna bakılmıştır. Daha sonra p53 ekspresyonu %5 ve üzerinde olan örneklerden DNA izolasyonu yapılmış ve TP53 geninin 5-9. ekzonlarının dizi analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastalar RAI evrelerine göre düşük ve yüksek olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldığında düşük evreli hastaların genel sağkalım sürelerinin yüksek evreli hastalara göre daha uzun olduğu görülmüştür (p= 0,030). Ancak, proliferasyon merkezi oranı, p53 ekspresyon düzeyleri, kan lökosit, hemoglobin, mutlak lenfosit, trombosit düzeyleri ile hastaların genel sağkalım süreleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki gösterilememiştir. Çalışılan örneklerden 10 tanesinden sekans analizi elde edilebilmiştir. Bu 10 örneğin 2?sinde 154. kodonda 154GGC>GGT değişimi saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak kısıtlı sayıda örneğin değerlendirildiği bu çalışmada immünohistokimya yöntemiyle gözlenen yüksek p53 ekspresyonu ve moleküler çalışmalarda saptanabilen TP53 mutasyonu arasında bağlantı tespit edilememiştir. Literatürde KLL seyrinde TP53 gen anomalilerinin önemine işaret eden çalışmaların artmasıyla p53 mutasyon analizinin rutin bir inceleme yöntemi haline gelebileceğini düşünmekteyiz

The Sweet Trouble on Our Tables, Genetically Modified Organisms and Their Effects on Public Health]

The incredibly rapid development of gene technology, nowadays, departs frombeing only a field of inquiry but extends itself to our daily lives in various areasfrom health to food and from objects we use to our pets. Genetically modifiedorganisms which are the most attractive products of gene technology carry on beingthe top issues of the world’s agenda.Our article focuses on especially the geneticallymodified foods and tries to investigate this biotechnological method together withits technique, effects on public health and socioeconomic aspects. The supportersindicate that this technology will be a solution for the malnutrition problem by bothincreasing production and changing the nutritional value. Also, gene technologywill make it possible to decrease the allergenicity of the foods, use them as vaccinesand let more people get cheaper foods by decreasing the production costs.The proponents claim that these foods will increase the allergenicity of the foods,antibiotic resistance of the microorganisms and will be toxic to many individualswhile it will decrease genetic variation in the world as time passes, increaseeconomic dependency to abroad and small farmers will suffer from this. Since thisis a new and rapidly developing technology observations and researches in timewould better shed light on this field

Effects of Seed Gathering, Sowing Time and Growing Conditions on Wild Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seed Germination

Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.), in our forests, can be found either as an individual or as in small groups. Hardness and thickness of seed coat, immature embryo, chemical substances in seed and pericarp are well known problems on germination. In this study, Germination impediment tests have done on seeds that were gathered from KTU campus on three different times, on 10th, 20th and 30th of June 2006, these seeds had sown, 200 of each seed with pericarp and with the ones haven’t have pericarp, in four different germination media (soil, perlite, needle and leaf mould) to overcome wild cherry’s germination impediment. The highest germination percentage (82.5 %) had found among seeds gathered on 20th of June; these were sown in needle mould and had no pericarp. However, our researches show that seeds with pericarp, gathered on 20th of June have maximum germination percentage of (34 %) in leaf mould

Study on Cone Formation Stage of Caucasian Fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. nordmanniana)

Determination of the good seed year is important to obtain high quality and quantity seeds from stands. Also, pollination and fertilization need to be done without problems. Tree quality, health and good seed bearing capacity is related to climatic factors during flowering and seeding stage and related to site conditions. Healthy, high quality and enough number of seeds are required in order to have a successful natural regeneration. Observing the morphological characteristics of trees in the stand or as single trees is the fastest, easiest and cheapest way to characterize their health status. In this study, a tree species, Caucasian fir, from the Karadeniz Technical University campus was observed. Phenological changes of the male and female flowers will be observed periodically and photos of these changes will be provided. During the early months observations will be weekly but on later periods observations will be bi-weekly. Caucasian firs pollination, fertilization, cone formation, cone growth and seed fall will be determined based on observations and the study results

Auswirkungen geoklimatischer Merkmale auf die morphogenetische Variabilität bei Fagus orientalis

Beech forests have a very important place not only in timber production, but also in environmental and soil protection, with a wide variety of provided benefits. This study has two main objectives: 1. to examine morphogenetic variations of seeds and seedlings of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in relation to geoclimatic factors in the natural distribution of oriental beech in Turkey and 2. to provide basic informa- tion about gene conservation and management of oriental beech forests by morpho- genetically examining the variations among and within 11 populations in the natural distribution of oriental beech in Turkey. There were statistical differences among and within the populations depending on seed and seedling characteristics measured in the study. A Penrose's analysis suggest that, the highest distance value was evident between Sinop-Abali and Trabzon-Caykara populations (Pn(1,7): 3.490) and the lowest distance value between Trabzon-Macka and Giresun- Kulakkaya populations (Pn(6,8): 0.477). We conducted correlation analysis between bioclimatic factors and seed and seedling morphological characteristics and found positive correlations between mean of the minimum temperature of the coldest month and seedling length as well as the number of side branches of the one and two-year -old seedlings, while we found negative correlations between altitude and these characteristics. The seed sizes had statistically significant correlations with each other and with seedling length, root col- lar diameter and the number of side branches of the one and two-year -old seedlings. Since preservation of gene resources in-situ is important in terms of continuity of va- riation and conservation of biological diversity, preservation of existing populations and continuity of genetic variation should be ensured. In future forest establishment studies of oriental beech, we advise attention with regards to altitude zones and geo- graphic distances. Using seedlings produced using seeds of a confirmed origin in such studies will likely increase both success and reduce losses in genetic diversity.Scientific and Technological Research Council ofTurkey [105O534]; Research Fund of the KaradenizTechni- cal University [BTAP-360]This work was financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council ofTurkey (Project No: 105O534) and Research Fund of the KaradenizTechni- cal University (Project No: BTAP-360)

The Influence Of Inverted Growth Pattern On Recurrence For Patients With Non-Invasive Low Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma Of Bladder

Aims: To evaluate the impact of a histologically inverted pattern on recurrence in patients with newly diagnosed non-invasive, low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Methods: A total of 81 patients with primary bladder non-invasive, low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma diagnosed in a single tertiary-care centre who had at least 1-year follow-up after an initial resection were included. All slides from each case were reviewed to determine the growth pattern (exophytic versus endophytic, i.e. inverted) and other histological parameters. Clinical data were retrieved from hospital records. Results: Disease recurrence occurred in 41 (50.6%) patients. Cases with an inverted pattern showed a lower recurrence rate than those with pure exophytic tumours (37.5% versus 52.1%), a longer time to first recurrence (mean 34 versus 21.5 months) and fewer recurrence episodes (p=0.482, 0.564 and 0.051, respectively). All recurring inverted cases recurred only once during follow-up. No tumour with >80% inverted architecture recurred. Conclusion: Our results suggest that non-invasive, low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder tends to have a better outcome in terms of disease recurrence if it shows an inverted growth pattern. To indicate the presence and percentage of the inverted pattern in low-grade urothelial carcinomas in the pathology report might be considered as an adjunct to help long-term patient management.PubMedWoSScopu

The effect of pre-treatments and seed collection time on the germination characteristics of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) seeds in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey

WOS: 000354663000001The germination characteristics of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), which shows a natural distribution in Turkey, were analysed. Seeds were obtained from 12 populations at different altitudes in the river basins of Trabzon-Macka, Trabzon-Caykara, Rize-Camlihemsin in and Giresun-Espiye. In common hornbeam seeds, there is a germination barrier caused by the seed coat and embryo. In order to eliminate the germination barrier and increase germination, 22 different pre-treatments, including control different concentrations of GA(3), citric and sulphuric acids, and different stratification periods were performed before seed germination was tested. Analysis of the effect of different seed collection times and pre-treatments on the germination percentage revealed differences according to population and altitude. The pre-treatments also showed differences on the basis of populations. The highest germination took place following GA(3) pre-treatments (30%) and in seeds collected in mid-September (54%).TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112 O 033]This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project No: 112 O 033)

Arly field performance of drought-stressed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has a large natural distribution throughout the world, including semi-arid areas of Turkey, where it is being used for afforestation. Determining the drought resistance of Scots pine provenances can increase the success of afforestation efforts in semi-arid regions. In the first stage of this study, water-stress treatments were applied to ten provenances of one-year-old Scots pine seedlings in their second vegetation period (between April and November). The diameter and height of the seedlings were evaluated in the nursery in order to determine their morphology. The four drought-stress treatments consisted of once-weekly irrigation (IR1), twice-weekly irrigation (IR2-Control), biweekly irrigation (IR3) and open field conditions (IR4). Later, the water-stressed seedlings were planted in a semi-arid district in Bayburt, Turkey, and their survival and growth performances were evaluated over a five-year period. The nursery study showed that drought stress and provenance as well as the interaction of the two significantly affected the morphological characteristics of the seedlings. Under water-stress conditions, the best growth performance was found in the Dokurcun, Degirmendere and Dirgine provenance seedlings. Water-stress and provenance factors and their interaction also affected the open field performance of the seedlings, where the Degirmendere, Dirgine and Dokurcun provenances again exhibited the best performance. Consequently, these Scots pine provenances can be recommended for afforestation sites having conditions similar to those of the study site. © 2015, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved

Tp53 Staining In Tissue Samples Of Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma Cases: An Immunohistochemical Survey Of 51 Cases

Objective: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disease in adults. The aim of this study is to find out if the extent of proliferation centers or the immunohistochemical expression of p53 is related to disease prognosis. Materials and Methods: In the scope of this study, 54 biopsy specimens from 51 patients (50 of lymph nodes; the others of spleen, tonsil, orbit, and liver) diagnosed with CLL at the Hacettepe University Department of Pathology in 2000-2013 were reevaluated. The clinical and demographic data of the patients were obtained from our patient database. Biopsy samples were assessed semi-quantitatively for the percentage of proliferation center/total biopsy area (PC/TBA) and an immunohistochemical study was performed on representative blocks of tissues for p53 expression. Results: When the patients were divided into two categories according to Rai stage as high and low (stages 0, 1, and 2 vs. stages 3 and 4), it was seen that patients with low Rai stage had a better prognosis than those with high stages (p=0.030). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between overall survival and PC/TBA ratio or p53 expression levels. Conclusion: In our cohort, PC/TBA ratio and immunopositivity of p53 did not show correlations with overall survival.PubMedWoSScopu