COVID-19 and Cytokine Storm

Although the etiopathogenesis of infections has been largely illuminated by technical and scientific developments in the past century; many issues are still not clear today. The word 'there is no disease, there is a patient' is stil valid today. Because the immune response of the host is as important as the virulence of the pathogen in infections and disease course can vary a lot according to the person. Cytokine Storm is seen exactly in a group of diseases where the host response is very prominent. For this reason, Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) is mostly mentioned. CSS emerging due to different inflammatory etiologies; it is an overwhelming systemic inflammation, hemodynamic imbalance, multiple organ failure, and potentially leading to death. After being first seen in Influenza in 2003 as a viral agent, CSS was seen in SARS-Cov, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, which were found to be the las thuman disease from the Corona viridea family.The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to, acut respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19

The Role of ncRNAs in Covid-19 Pathogenesis

Genomic studies have shown that approximately 2% of the human genome encodes protein, and the rest consists of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). ncRNAs are the modifications that can alter gene expression at different levels without making any changes on the DNA sequence. One of the most important function of non-coding RNAs is to modulate host immunity and inflammatory response by regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. The World Health Organization has declared Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 shows symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and it can lead to severe symptomatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bring along many problems such as cardiovascular complications, kidney damage, stroke and death. Virus host interactions associated with the immune system is also important beside the viral replication mechanism in the development of a successful therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulate virus-host interactions affect the extent and adequacy of immune and inflammatory responses that are important for clinical outcomes. Thus, identifying ncRNAs involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection will help to understand the epigenetic regulation underlying the immune response that occurs and to develop new specific strategies to prevent and treat the infection. In this review, the importance of ncRNA mediated gene regulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its role in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic were discussed

Tıbbi Biyoloji ve Genetik Laboratuvar Kılavuzu

Çevrimiçi (70 sayfa: şekil; 26 cm.

EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS AND CLINICAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH ŞBROMYALGIA SYNDROME

Amaç: Şbromiyalji sendromu yaygın görülen, yaşam kalitesini etkileyebilen semptom ve bulgularla seyredebilen bir klinik tablodur. Bu çalışmada Şbromiyalji sendromuna eşlik eden semptom ve bulguları incelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Ağrı kliniğine 2003-2004 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve daha önce Şbromiyalji tanısı almış hastalar prospektif olarak Şzik muayene, anksiyete, depresyon ve klinik şikayetler açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Hamilton depresyon ölçeği depresyonun, durumluk kaygı ölçeği de anksiyetenin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 86 hasta Ağrı kliniğimize başvurmuş ancak 8 hasta çalışma dışı kalarak çalışma 80 hastayla tamamlanmıştır. Hastaların 77’si kadın (%96.3), 3’ü erkek (%3.7) idi. Hastaların 1’i hariç tamamı yaygın ağrı şikayetinin olduğu ve 63’ünün düzenli analjezik kullandığı (%78.7) gözlenmiştir. Hastaların 14’ünün antidepresan kullandığı gözlenmiştir. Antidepresan kullanan hastalarda anksiyete skoru 50.07±10.19, antidepresan kullanmayanlarda 52.79±12.1 olarak ölçülmüştür. Analjezik kullanan hastalarda anksiyete skoru 55.8±12.7, kullanmayanlarda 51.35±11.4 olarak ölçülmüştür. En yüksek anksiyete skorlarının 60-69 yaş grubunda ölçüldüğü gözlenmiştir. Yaygın ağrının şiddeti arttıkça anksiyete skorlarının da arttığı gözlenmiştir. Hastaların 42’sinde (% 42.5) Hamilton depresyon ölçeğine göre depresyon yoktu. 29 hastada (%36.2) haŞf depresyon, 8 hastada (%10) orta, 1 hastada (%1.2) ağır depresyon olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Şbromiyalji anksiyete ve depresyonun da eşlik edebileceği ağrı ile diğer Şziksel yakınmaların birlikte gözlendiği yaygın bir sendromdur.Objective: Şbromyalgia syndrome is clinical state that is common with symptoms and signs may affect quality of life. In this study, we aimed to investigate symptoms and Şndings associated with Şbromyalgia. Method: Patients who admitted to Pain Clinic between 2003-2004 previously diagnosed Şbromyalgia were evaluated prospectively for physical examination, anxiety, depression and clinical complaints. The Hamilton depression scale and state anxiety scale were used. Results: A total of 86 patients admitted to clinic, but 8 patients were out and study was completed with 80 patients. Seventy-seven patients were female (96.3%), 3 were male (3.7%). All but one of patients had generalized pain complaints, 63% had regular analgesics (78.7%). Fourteen patients had antidepressant use. Anxiety score was measured 50.07±10.19 in patients using antidepressants, 52.79±12.1 in not taking. The anxiety score was measured 55.8±12.7 in patients using analgesics, 51.35±11.4 in patients without analgesics. The highest anxiety scores were observed in 60-69 age. The severity of common pain increased with anxiety scores. There was no depression was observed in 42 patients (42.5%). Mild depression was found in 29 patients (36.2%), moderate in 8 (10%), severe in 1 (1.2%). Conclusion: Şbromyalgia is a common syndrome characterized by pain and associated with anxiety and depression

Effect of Colchicine on Th1 and Th17 Cytokines, Cytokine Receptors, and Chemokine Gene Expression Profiles in Behçet's Disease: Gene expression in behçet patients

Objective: Colchicine has been used in recent years as an effective drug for controlling attacks in Behçet’s disease. In the present study, we investigated expression levels of IL1R, IL2R, IL12RB, IL23R, IL17, CXCR3, CXCR10 and IL8 genes in patients with active and inactive Behçet’s disease. We also evaluated how colchicine use in patients with active and inactive disease affected these genes and evaluated their role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Methods: Thirty-five patients who were diagnosed with Behçet’s disease according to the International Working Group criteria (28 with active disease, 7 inactive) and were taking colchicine were enrolled in the study. Twenty healthy subjects were included as a control group. Expression levels of the IL1R, IL2R, IL12RB, IL23R, IL17, CXCR3 ,CXCR10 and IL8, genes were evaluated.   Results: Expression levels of CXCR3 and IL23R were significantly lower in patients with active Behcet's disease when compared with the inactive disease and control groups. However, the differences in CXCR3 and IL23R expression between the inactive Behçet’s patient group and the control group were nonsignificant. Expression levels of the other genes did not differ statistically between the active Behçet’s patients, inactive Behçet’s patients, and control subjects.   Conclusion: While the expression levels of the CXCR3 and IL23R genes in active Behçet’s patients were statistically lower than controls, there was no statistical difference between active and inactive Behçet’s patients or controls in terms of IL1R, IL2R, IL17, IL12RB, CXCR10 and IL8,  gene expression levels. This study may form the basis for further studies to determine the molecular mechanism of colchicine in the treatment of Behçet's disease