Physical, mechanical and chemical properties of plums (cv. Santa rosa) affected by aminoethoxyvinylglycine applications

Background: The engineering properties (physical, mechanical and chemical) are importance to postharvest technologies of the agricultural materials. To plum fruits quality, the harvest and postharvest applications, the engineering properties of plum fruits should be considered. The effect of AVG  (Aminoethoxyvinylglycine) treatments on some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of plum fruits (cv. Santa Rosa) were determined.Materials and Methods: For this research, the plant material ‘Santa Rosa’ plum (Prunus salicina L.) fruits were obtained in Tokat/Turkey (39o51' N and 40o55' E), in 2012. AVG treatments were as 0 mg L-1, 100 mg L-1 and 200 mg L-1, and three different harvest dates including 25 July, 1 August and 7 August were used.Results: The geometric mean diameter, volume of fruit and surface area values increased with AVG doses, whereas, fruit density decreased as AVG doses increased. L* and b* values decreased from 43.75 to 24.14 and 20.24 to 13.21, whereas, a* value increased from -9.03 to -2.63 for flesh plum, respectively. The fruit removal force of plum fruit increased from 19.09 N to 20.20 N in magnitude with an increase in AVG doses. The friction coefficients of fruits increased as AVG doses increased and harvest dates. Total soluble solids content was higher in AVG-0 (0 mg L-1) as compared to AVG-1 and AVG-2 (100 mg L-1 and 200 mg L-1) AVG-2 applications, whereas, pH and titratable acidity were lower in 200 mg L-1 as compared to 0 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 treatments.Conclusion: Post-harvest technological applications of the plum fruits must be designed by taking  criteria into consideration for plum engineering properties.Key words: Color, friction coefficient, fruit removal force, firmnes

The registration of point cloud data from range imaging camera

The measurement and 3D modelling techniques have been evolved as parallel technological improvements. Every new technique provides an opportunity for low-cost and fast measurements. The latest method for 3D measurement is the range imaging (RIM) camera. The new period in photogrammetry and 3D modelling applications has begun with the RIM cameras, and it has brought new research areas for scientists. The measurement capabilities, accuracies and application areas of RIM cameras have been increased by the time. In this study, the registration of point cloud data of RIM camera was investigated to perform 3D modelling task

Technology Forecasting of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technologies through Hierarchical S Curves

This study aims to propose a technology forecasting approach based on hierarchical S-curves. The proposed approach uses holistic forecasting by evaluating the S-curves of sub-technologies as well as the main technology under concern. A case study of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies is conducted to demonstrate how the proposed approach works in practice. This is the first study that applies hierarchical S-curves to technology forecasting of unmanned aerial vehicle technologies in the literature. The future trend of the UAV technologies is analysed in detail through a hierarchical S-curve approach. Hierarchical S-curves are also utilised to investigate the sub-technologies of the UAV. In addition, the technology development life cycle of technology is assessed by using the three indexes namely, (1) the current technological maturity ratio (TMR), (2) estimating the number of potential patents that could be granted in the future (PPA), and (3) forecasting the expected remaining life (ERL). The results of this study indicate that the UAV technologies and their sub-technologies are at the growth stage in the technology life cycle, and most of the developments in UAV technology will have been completed by 2048. Hence, these technologies can be considered emerging technologies

Innate Lymphoid Cells (Non‐NK ILCs)

Until a decade ago, natural killer (NK) cells constituted the major—if not the sole—player of innate lymphoid cell populations. The discovery of the presence and execution of curial functions by lymphoid tissue inducer‐like cells (LTi) in adults is followed by the discovery of Th2‐like innate cells and later Th1‐like helper group 1 ILCs. With these findings, the innate lymphocyte family has expanded and a new paradigm has emerged. Apparently, innate versions of helper subsets of CD4+ T cells existed in humans and mice. These cells, unlike their adaptive counterparts, lack CD3, T and B cell receptors, do not rearrange their antigen receptors and get activated by microbial products or cytokines. Furthermore, these cells rely on similar transcription factors that helper CD4+ T cells use for their development and functions (such as T‐bet, Gata3 and Rorγt); they produce similar effector cytokines (such as IFN‐γ; IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐4; IL‐17A, IL‐22, GMCSF, respectively). Moreover, these cells assume crucial functions as an immediate, first line source of cytokines/chemokines against pathogens during protective immune responses. Lastly, very much like their adaptive counterparts, they are present and contribute to pathogenesis in various chronic inflammatory diseases of mice and humans in several tissues

Weak-Measurement-Induced Heating in Bose-Einstein Condensates

Ultracold atoms are an ideal platform for understanding system-reservoir dynamics of many-body systems. Here, we study quantum back-action in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, weakly interacting with a far-from resonant, i.e., dispersively interacting, probe laser beam. The light scattered by the atoms can be considered as a part of quantum measurement process whereby the change in the system state derives from measurement back-action. We experimentally quantify the resulting back-action in terms of the deposited energy. We model the interaction of the system and environment with a generalized measurement process, leading to a Markovian reservoir. Further, we identify two systematic sources of heating and loss: a stray optical lattice and probe-induced light assisted collisions (an intrinsic atomic process). The observed heating and loss rates are larger for blue detuning than for red detuning, where they are oscillatory functions of detuning with increased loss at molecular resonances and reduced loss between molecular resonances.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.0440

Laser scanning and data integration for three-dimensional digital recording of complex historical structures: The case of mevlana museum

Terrestrial laser scanning method is widely used in three-dimensional (3-D) modeling projects. Nevertheless it usually requires measurement data from other sources for full measurement of the shapes. In this study a 3-D model of the historical Mevlana Museum (Mevlana Mausoleum) in Konya, Turkey was created using state-of-the art measurement techniques. The building was measured by terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). In addition, some shapes of the indoor area were measured by a time-of-flight camera. Thus, a 3-D model of the building was created by combining datasets of all measurements. The point cloud model was created with 2.3 cm and 2.4 cm accuracy for outdoor and indoor measurements, and then it was registered to a georeferenced system. In addition a 3-D virtual model was created by mapping the texture on a mesh derived from the point cloud