LANDSLIDE ON LOCATION OF WATER SOURCE STUDENAC NEAR BIJELJINA, REPUBLIKA SRPSKA

ABSTRACTThe landslide is located in the hinterland of water source "Studenac" in the local community GornjaCadjavica near Bijeljina. The field where the triggered landslide occurred is conditionally stable slope.It is overgrown with forest trees and therefore it was not a subject of interest in terms of its stabilityuntil the water source and accompanying local road have been constructed in the lower part of theslope. Additionally the slope was undercut resulting in jeopardizing its conditional natural stability. Atfirst, it was about some slight ground movements requiring no significant interventions.As the time was passing by site conditions have been changing. During winter and spring timemovement of rock blocks is more intense due to large amount of surface and underground waterwhereby such a process was significantly slower and almost calm in the summer time. Such a cycle wasrepeated for several years until late 2010 when massive collapse of the unstable zone, which might becalled ‘landslide’, endangered not only the local road but also the water source.For the purposes of overviewing the site and landslide characteristics as a whole, exhaustive researcheswere carried out within the part of the site affected by sliding at the surface of about 0,4 ha. A fieldsurveying of wider area was also conducted. The landslide is located at relatively steep slope where theheight distance between the crown and the toe of the landslide is 14,0 m. General slope angle is up to100 and in those parts where landslides occur they are up to 250. Sliding plane has been formed at depthof 2,5 to 4 m depending on terrain morphology, in clay of high plasticity (CH groups). The main causeof landslides is surface and underground water.Within the scope of remediation project two restorative measures were applied. The main recoverymeasure was placement of AB retaining concrete wall which was intended to accept the pressures ofsoil mass and to prevent it from slipping, namely to maintain the slope in stable condition. The otherremedial measure was construction of an open perimeter canal at the slope above the retaining wall forthe purposes of collecting surface water flowing towards the main body of the landslide and itsdiversion outside the sliding area. Key words: landslide, slope, water source, research, rehabilitatio

Fractals applications on fractured archeological samples reconstruction

The civil engineering materials in the whole existing civilization have many characteristics which do not depend of past historical period, but, there is forever and everywhere fractal characteristic of structures morphology. Many archeological sources which are very rich with samples from prehistorical periods, ancient Greece, Roman and Vestian period, Slovenes and later, are existing in Balkan and South-East Europe. These sources and samples are very important for our civilization evaluation. Sometimes or even often, we fined archeological samples which are fractured and damaged. In such situation, it is very important to reconstruct some of these parts. We developed quite new method based on fractals analysis and characterization which is an excellent tool for reconstruction the archeological and heritage samples. In these paper, we successfully presented this application and opened new perspectives for research in this area

INVESTIGATION OF CORRESPONDANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSTRUCTION STONE FOR REHABILITATION OF ALADZA MOSQUE IN FOCA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The Aladza Mosque in Foca was built in the middle of the seventeenth century and it was destroyedduring the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Given that it is a monument protected by the state andincluded in the World Heritage by UNESCO, it is necessary to carry out its rehabilitation. It is essentialto construct the religion building of the same materials, dimensions and exterior form.Since the building was demolished in its entirety, there has been damage to some original stonefragments that the mosque was built of. Therefore, it is necessary to provide new supplies of stonematching the original.Firstly, research were conduscted with the existing original fragments and based on them wereoverwied the possibilities for finding an appropriate sites of the stone in the immediate vicinity. Basedon a certain mineralogical-petrologic and geomechanical characteristics of the original fragmentsoriginating from the various structural components of the mosque, six locations were selected for theinvestigation of possible finding sites in the immediate area. Samples that were taken underwent thesame testing procedures. Obtained results indicate that samples from four sites can be used as a materialfor rehabilitation because their characteristics match the original fragments

Highway - corridor Vc geological of research subphase one in to his construction

In the seventies of the 20th century, by the UNDP and the Geneva initiative was launched, and later proposed improvement plan for the motorway network in Europe. As part of this plan was formed TEM project which envisages the construction of the highway Baltic Sea - Adriatic Sea (Baltic - Adriatic). Corridor Vc is part of the TEM network - transport The infrastructure of Southeast Europe. At the beginning of the XXI century, initiated the construction of Corridor Vc, most of which passes through Bosnia and Herzegovina. The choice of route alternatives times the rod is based on the most favorable natural conditions of the terrain and road connectivity with major urban areas. Construction of the highway is planned for 15-20 years, per share, giving priority to traffic interesting stock and the ability to secure the necessary funds. One of SUBPHASE in construction time the research and study of the geological features of the ground, which in some parts of the motorway route, preferring the position of of the route. The paper gives an overview of the specific section of the highway in the Serbian Republic

IMPORTANCE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE AREA OF SEMBERIJA IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

The increasing demand for energy, and environmental protection in recent years, has given an even greater importance to the use of alternative renewable energy sources. One of the most important sources of energy, used worldwide for more than 100 years, is geothermal energy. Its presence in the waters and rocks opens the possibilities for its wider use for various purposes. It plays an important role in the developed countries or in the countries that are more focused on the use of geothermal energy. However, compared to the fossil fuels that are the main source of energy, geothermal energy is used only in negligible percentage.Sudden environmental pollution in recent years, opened more space for the use of geothermal energy. Balkan countries have an important place on geothermal map of Europe, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. the Republic of Srpska stands out as a significant area where geothermal energy is accumulated as an important resource.In the Republic of Srpska there are more characteristic areas with the presence of thermal waters, but the most important is Semberija, where the temperature at depths of 1200 – 2500 m ranges from 75 – 100 0C. Possibilities of using this energy are multiple, such as heat for various purposes or in electric energy production. Its use, in the area from which it is exploited and in the area where it would be used, will change the quality of the environment because it will partially or completely replace the current use of fossil fuels

GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FOUNDATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FACILITIES IN V. OBARSKA SETTLEMENT NEAR BIJELJINA

Wastewater treatment plant is an integral part of the sewerage systemof the town of Bijeljina and it islocated at the distance of 10 kilometers.Given the factthat it comprises several objects of differentsignificance, it was necessary to select a suitable location to set up all facilities required. The site islocated immediately next to the MPC – Majevicaperipheral channel that collects water fromsurrounding areas and drains into the River Sava.By the construction of a mentioned plant, purifiedwater would flow through the channel to the River Sava.The wastewater treatment plant is accompanied by several objects of different importance, both indimension and depth of foundations. Detailed geological surveys defined geological composition andgeomechanical properties that are the basis for defining the requirements for foundation. Particularimportance was given to facilities that require deeper foundations while smaller objects can be based ina layer of the embankment, which will be set up to a certain elevation to establish new alignment field

GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TERRAIN ON THE HIGHWAY CORRIDOR Vc SECTION JOHOVAC – DOBOJ JUG, stac. km 10+754 – 15+820

HighwayCorridor Vc as the most significant route in Bosnia and Herzegovina requires detailed analysis of geological characteristics of the field along the route of its propagation. The route is divided into several parts, according to geographical, geological and spatial properties of the field. One of the most complex sections of the highway is the section Johovac – Doboj Jug, subsection UsoraKaruse. It is not that complicated because of natural properties of the ground only but also because of inability to choose the most optimal route due to the presence of a number of residential buildings. Selected route is quite demanding in terms of field research and its construction, since it will be entirely built in the embankment, and there arefive bridges and another roadjunction along the route. By the field examination, geological properties were defined with analyzed seismicity level for the area, as well as engineering – geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the terrain. At the construction sites of prospective facilities, additional investigations will be carried out and resulting data will together with existing, constitute a basis for development of geotechnical project

AN EXAMPLE OF „MODERN CONSTRUCTION OF THE FACILITY“

Today's building of facilities does not follow the study of the characteristics of the terrain on which thefacility is constructed. The period of rapid construction, which can be called the "modern construction"does not follow the quality of constructed facilities. Usually it is the uncontrolled building, where isonly important to build a facility without taking into account the conditions of its construction andsafety during exploitation.Many steps before and during the construction of facilities are neglected,which is reflected in their safety, especially after its construction.The paper gives an example of a negative construction of facilities, as well as an overview of what iswithin the geological research andstudies of the field that need to be done to adequately define thegeological and geotechnical characteristics of the terrain, as the basis on which the facility isconstructed. This example is just one of many negative examples today

Ispitivanje kvaliteta vazduha na području grada Bijeljina

U radu su prikazani rezultati kontinuiranih mjerenja sadržaja sumpordioksida, SO2 mjerenih na tri lokacije u gradu Bijeljina. Istraživanja su vršena sa ciljem utvrđivanja uticaja emisije iz domaćinstava, industrijskih i energetskih postrojenja u toku 2010.-2014. godine na kvalitet vazduha. Kao neophodan uslov za ocjenu kvaliteta vazduha, praćeni su i meteorološki parametri bitni za utvrđivanje veze između stanja atmosfere i zagađenosti vazduha

SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND CONFLICT OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Urban areas are formed aiming to satisfy multiple expectations of their citizens. Among the mostsignificant expectations are resources availability, related to existential needs, efficiency incommunication and satisfaction of other contemporary civilization and cultural needs. However,pursuance to create conditions for those needs satisfaction necessarily leads to high level of urban areaconstruction. Thus, sort of paradox appears: aspiration to improvement of living conditions leads tonegative effects which jeopardize the health and lives of urban population. This fact requires holisticapproach, i.e. consideration of all aspects of life’s needs of urban population in order to provide theirlong term sustainability. This paper aims to consider some aspects of urban areas sustainability relativeto blue green cities philosophy