Biohemijske promene u krvnom serumu pasa tretiranih fenobarbitonom

Despite being described as the safest antiepileptic drug of first choice the presented literature data are much varied as far as dog blood serum biochemical parameters are considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phenobarbitone at different per os doses on the values of selected blood serum biochemical parameters in dogs during both short and long term application. The study was conducted on 30 dogs of different races, both sexes, ranging from 2 to 8 years of age. A total of 15 healthy and 15 dogs suffering from idiophatic epilepsy were observed. During the short term per os application of phenobarbitone (given at 3 week intervals) to the healthy population in varied doses a statistically significant increase in ALT and AP was recorded. Application of 16 mg/kg/day of phenobarbitone to the healthy population during 14 days resulted in a significant increase of ALT and AP. This increase was dependant on the duration of the treatment. During chronic application of phenobarbitone to dogs suffering from idiopathic epilepsy a significant increase in values of AP and ALT depending on the given dose was recorded. In two of the studied epileptic dogs treated with high therapeutic doses of phenobarbitone clinical signs of hepatotoxicity were recorded. Hepatotoxicity resulted in decreased albumin and total protein concentrations, as well as increased blood serum total bilirubin, AST, ALP and AP. The obtained results indicate that a long term application of phenobarbitone at high therapeutic doses can cause hepatotoxicity. However, there was no relationship between phenobarbitone dosage and duration of therapy and blood glucose, urea, creatinine, total proteins, albumins, total bilirubin, triglycerides and cholesterol.Iako označen kao antiepileptik prvog izbora i veoma bezbedan lek, u literaturi su prezentovani različiti podaci o uticaju fenobarbitona na vrednosti biohemijskih parametara krvnog seruma kod pasa. S obzirom na to, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj fenobarbitona pri različitim per os dozama na vrednosti biohemijskih parametara krvnog seruma kod pasa, tokom kratkotrajne i dugotrajne aplikacije. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 30 pasa različitih rasa, oba pola, starosne kategorije od dve do osam godina, od kojih su 15 bili zdravi psi a 15 psi oboleli od idiopatske epilepsije. Tokom kratkotrajne per os aplikacije fenobarbitona (intervali od po tri nedelje) zdravoj populaciji pasa pri različitim per os dozama, u krvnom serumu je registrovano značajno povećanje aktivnosti ALT i vrlo značajno povećanje aktivnosti AP u zavisnosti od doze leka. Aplikacija fenobarbitona u dozi od 16 mg/kg/dnevno tokom 14 nedelja zdravoj populaciji pasa ukazala je, na vrlo značajno povećanje aktivnosti ALT i AP u zavisnosti od dužine trajanja aplikacije. Tokom hronične aplikacije fenobarbitona psima obolelim od idiopatske epilepsije, ustanovljeno je statistički vrlo značajno povećanje aktivnosti AP i ALT u krvnom serumu u zavisnosti od doze leka. Kod dve jedinke u bolesnoj grupi pasa pri visokim terapeutskim dozama fenobarbitona registrovana je hepatotoksičnost, što je dovelo do statistički značajnog smanjenja koncentracije albumina i ukupnih proteina, statistički značajnog povećanja koncentracije ukupnog bilirubina, statistički značajnog povećanja aktivnosti AST i statistički vrlo značajnog povećanja aktivnosti ALT i AP u krvnom serumu Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da dugotrajna aplikacija fenobarbitona, pri visokim terapeutskim dozama može izazvati hepatotoksičnost. Nije ustanovljeno postojanje veze između koncentracije glukoze, uree, kreatinina, ukupnih proteina, albumina, ukupnog bilirubina, triglicerida i holesterola u krvnom serumu pasa sa per os dozom fenobarbitona, niti sa dužinom trajanja terapije

Combined lymphangioma and hemangioma of the spleen in a patient with Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome

Introduction. Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is a very rare congenital anomaly of blood vessels, characterized by the following clinical triad: varicose superficial veins, port-wine stain and usually bony and soft tissue hypertophy of extremities, most often located in the lower extremities. It is often accompanied by visceral manifestations, and rarely combined with splenomegaly. Case Outline. A 30-year-old female patient came to the Surgery Clinic because of occasional left hypochondrial pain. After she was diagnosed with KTS combined with splenomegaly, splenectomy was performed. Macroscopic and microscopic spleen examination indicated the presence of tumor of vascular origin, presenting a combination of lymphangioma and hemangioma. Conclusion. Diagnosed KTS demands a thorough clinical examination of the patient because of the potential presence of visceral manifestations. When splenomegaly is present, even though being often benign, splenectomy is usually performed to alleviate accompanying symptoms which occur as a result of organ enlargement and compression, to prevent rupture and consequential bleeding when the vascular spleen tumor is large, and finally to avoid a possibility of malignant transformation

Spectrophotometric study of solution equilibria between Al3+ ion and L-histidine

Aluminium(III) ion and L-histidine (HHis) react in water solution to yield two mononuclear binary complexes [Al(HHis)]3+ and [Al(HHis)His] 2+. The over-all stability constants for these complexes were calculated by non-linearleast-squarestreatment of the spectrophotometric data and found to be: log β1,1,1 = 13.12 ± 0.04, log β1,2,1 = 20.9 ± 0.1, respectively. Indices refer to stoichiometric coefficients in complexation equilibrium: p Al + q His + r H → [AlpHisqHr]. The possible structures of the complexes in solution, are discussed.Physical chemistry 2004 : 7th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 21-23 September 200

Antiproliferative and antimigratory effects of 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin derivatives in human breast cancer cells

In this study, a series of synthesized 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin derivatives as a potential antiproliferative and antimigratory agents were investigated. The possible antitumor mechanisms of investigated hydantoin derivatives were examined on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The cells were treated with different concentrations of compounds (from 0.01 mu M to 100 mu M) during 24 h and 72 h. The proliferation index, nitric oxide production, apoptosis rate, and migration capacity were measured. The cell invasion potential was examined by measuring the level of MMP-9 and COX-2 gene expression. All tested compounds expressed antiproliferative activity and induced dose- and time-dependent increase in the level of nitrites. The investigated molecules significantly decreased cell survival rate, migration capacity and the expression levels of genes included in the process of tumor invasion. Obtained data suggest that the tested hydantoin derivatives express considerable antitumor activity by reducing cell division rate, elevating apoptosis level, and inhibiting the motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The results obtained in this study indicate that investigated compounds express potential as a novel chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer growth and progression. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University

Ramanska spektroskopija kao novo biohemijsko dijagnostičko sredstvo

In this review, Raman spectroscopy is described as a new and potentially powerful diagnostic tool in comparison to routine biochemical tests. Advanced instrumentation and new Raman spectroscopy techniques enable rapid and simultaneous identification and/or determination of several biochemical parameters, such as glucose, acetone, creatinine, urea, lipid profile, uric acid, total protein, etc., with a very low limit of detection. Raman spectroscopy could also be applied in molecule and cell characterization, as well as diagnostics of atherosclerosis in its early stage. Raman spectroscopy is nondestructive and could be applied to all kinds of samples, which simplifies the diagnostics of numerous diseases and pathologic states. Special attention is paid to literature data illustrating the application of Raman spectroscopy for transdermal glucose monitoring and cancer diagnostics.U ovom prikazu opisana je primena Ramanske spektroskopije kao nove metode velikih mogućnosti u dijagnostici, u poređenju sa rutinskim biohemijskim testovima. Metoda je razvijena i usavršena za identifikaciju i/ili određivanje velikog broja biohemijskih parametara, kao što su glukoza, aceton, kreatinin, urea, lipidni profil, mokraćna kiselina, ukupni proteini i drugi, uz veoma nizak limit detekcije. Ramanska spektroskopija takođe se može primenjivati u molekulskoj i ćelijskoj karakterizaciji, kao i za dijagnostiku ranog stadijuma ateroskleroze. Ramanska spektroskopija je nedestruktivna i može se primenjivati na sve vrste uzoraka, što pojednostavljuje dijagnostiku brojnih bolesti i patoloških stanja. Posebna pažnja u radu je posvećena podacima iz literature koji ilustruju primenu Ramanske spektroskopije u transdermalnom monitoringu glukoze i dijagnostici kancera

The Effect of Some Fluoroquinolone Family Members on Biospeciation of Copper(II), Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) Ions in Human Plasma

The speciation of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions in the presence of the fluoroquinolones (FQs) moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, in human blood plasma was studied under physiological conditions by computer simulation. The speciation was calculated using an updated model of human blood plasma including over 6,000 species with the aid of the program Hyss2009. The identity and stability of metal-FQ complexes were determined by potentiometric (310 K, 0.15 mol/L NaCl), spectrophotometric, spectrofluorimetric, ESI-MS and H-1-NMR measurements. In the case of Cu2+ ion the concentration of main low molecular weight (LMW) plasma complex (Cu(Cis) His) is very slightly influenced by all examined FQs. FQs show much higher influence on main plasma Ni2+ and Zn2+ complexes: (Ni(His)(2) and Zn(Cys) Cit, respectively. Levofloxacin exhibits the highest influence on the fraction of the main nickel complex, Ni(His)(2), even at a concentration level of 3 x 10(-5) mol/L. The same effect is seen on the main zinc complex, Zn(Cys) Cit. Calculated plasma mobilizing indexes indicate that ciprofloxacin possesses the highest mobilizing power from plasma proteins, toward copper ion, while levofloxacin is the most influential on nickel and zinc ions. The results obtained indicate that the drugs studied are safe in relation to mobilization of essential metal ions under physiological conditions. The observed effects were explained in terms of competitive equilibrium reactions between the FQs and the main LMW complexes of the metal ions

Determination of Flavonoids and Total Polyphenol Contents in Commercial Apple Juices

We propose a sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of flavonoids as expressed in 'quercetin equivalent' in apple juices. The method is based on the strong emission of the aluminium(III)-quercetin complex at 480 nm with excitation at 420 nm, and it is successfully applied for the determination of flavonoids in commercial apple juices and compared with results obtained in reference spectrophotometric determination. The flavonoid content in commercial apple juices was found to range from 5.53 to 15.55 mg/l quercetin equivalent. The very good agreement between the two methods indicates the suitability of the proposed spectrofluorimetric method for the precise and accurate determination of flavonoids. In addition, the total polyphenol content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method and the antioxidative activity of the tested juices was tested in a DPPH assay and these values were correlated with each other. The obtained profiles of compounds with antioxidative ability lead us to conclude that fruit juice labels based only on fruit % might sometimes misinform consumers

Zinc complex-based determination of rutin in dietary supplements

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple, rapid, sensitive and low-cost method for determination of rutin in tablets. The proposed spectrophotometric method is based on the formation of the Zn2+-rutin complex in methanol 70% (v/v) at pH 8.52, and detection at lambda(max)= 410 nm. The concentration range over which the response was linear was 0.3-12.2 mu g ml(-1). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.21 mu g ml(-1) and 0.63 mu g ml(-1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in herbal dietary supplements. The reliability of the method was checked by comparison with results obtained by the established RP-HPLC/UV method. The proposed method fulfills all aimed requirements

Spectrofluorimetric and HPLC Determination of Morin in Human Serum

Morin is a flavonol antioxidant. In ethanol-water mixtures (70 wt% of ethanol) it reacts with Al(3+) to give Al(Morin)(2) in the pH range 3-6. The conditional stability constant of this complex at 298 K was found to be log beta(2) = 16.96 +/- 0.02 at pH 4.40. The complex shows strong fluorescence emission at 500 nm upon excitation at 410 nm. The fluorescence intensity is pH dependent with maximum emission at pH 4.40. Since the complexation reaction enhances the fluorescence of morin, this property was used for the determination of morin in human serum. A linear dependence of the intensity of fluorescence of the complex on the concentration of morin was obtained in morin concentration range from 1.5-30.5 ng mL(-1), relative standard error of measurements was 1.4%. The LOD was 0.02 ng mL(-1) while LOQ was 1.0 ng mL(-1). Serum concentration of morin was also determined using HPLC as a reference method. A C-18 Hypersil Gold AQ column was used with acetonitrile-0.1% v/v phosphoric acid (30:70% v/v) as the mobile phase at 1.0 mL min(-1) flow rate and UV detection at 250 nm. Acceptable relative standard errors (less than 5%) between determinations obtained by the two methods indicate that the fluorescence method is reliable

Spectrofluorimetric determination of quercetin in pharmaceutical dosage forms

A simple, accurate and precise method based on the fluorescence properties of the aluminum(III)-quercetin complex, for the determination of quercetin, has been developed and validated. The complex has strong emission at pH 3.30, lambda(em) = 480 nm, with lambda(ex) = 420 nm. The linearity range of quercetin determination was 1.5-60.5 ng ml(-1) with LOD 0.09 ng ml(-1) and LOQ 0.27 ng ml(-1). Recovery values in the range of 99.9-100.2% indicate a good accuracy of the method. The established method was applied for the determination of quercetin in capsules, with a recovery value of 98.3%, standard deviation of 0.22% and coefficient of variation of 0.09%. The reliability of the method was checked by the newly developed RP-HPLC/UV method for capsules with the direct determination of quercetin after separation. The good agreement between the two methods indicates the applicability of the proposed spectrofluorimetric method for quercetin determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms, with high reproducibility, and enables the direct and simple determination without its prior extraction from samples. The proposed spectrofluorimetric method has much better sensitivity and LOD and LOQ values that are about 1000 times lower than data reported in the literature