Polymorphisms and expression of glutathione transferase omega in development and progression of urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Циљ: Циљ ове студије је био да се разјасни улога генског полиморфизма GSTO1 (rs4925) и GSTO2 (rs156697) у индивидуалној подложности за настанак карцинома прелазног епитела мокраћне бешике, заједно са њиховим модификујућим ефектом на укупно преживљавање и/или хемотерапију код ових болесника. Такође је испитивана и експресија GSTO1-1 у туморском и околном морфолошки неизмењеном епителу болесника са карциномом прелазног епитела мокраћне бешике. Mатеријал и методе: Полиморфизам GSTO1 и GSTO2 је одређиван анализом производа рестрикционе дигестије ДНК фрагмената насталих реакцијом ланчаног умножавања (PCR-RFLP). Предиктивна вредност различитих GSTO генотипова је процењивана Коксовим регресионим хазардним моделима, док су Каплан-Мајерове криве коришћене за за приказивање вероватноће испитиваних догађаја, а лог-ранк тест за утврђивање разлика у вероватноћи преживљавања. GSTO1-1 експресија је одређивана методом Вестерн блота и реакцијом ланчаног умножавања у реалном времену (RT-PCR), док је за испитивање укупне S-глутатионилације изведена електрофореза под нередукујућим условима. Концентрација укупног и оксидованог глутатиона је одређена спектрофотометријски. Концентрација интерлеукина-8 (IL-8) у цитосолу и уринарни 8-хидрокси-2′-деоксигуанозин (8-OHdG) су одређени методом ензимског имуноесеја. Резултати: Носиоци варијантног GSTO2*G/G генотипа су били под повећаним ризиком за настанак карцинома прелазног епитела мокраћне бешике (OR=2,6, 95% CI=1,2-5,8, p=0,041), који је био још израженији када је овај генотип био удружен са пушењем (OR-odds ratio =4,3, 95%CI-confidence interval =1,6-11,2, p=0,003). Даље, добијени резултати указују да су носиоци хаплотипа GSTO1*C/GSTO2*G (GSTO1 референтни алел/GSTO2 варијантни алел) под највећим ризиком за настанак карцинома мокраћне бешике (OR=2,8, 95%CI=1,5-5,2, p=0,002)...Purpose: The aim of the study was to clarify the role of GSTO1 (rs4925) and GSTO2 (rs156697) genetic polymorphisms in individual susceptibility to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder, together with their modifying effect on the overall survival and/or chemotherapy treatment in these patients. We also examined the GSTO1 expression pattern in tumor and non-tumor tissue of TCC patients. Methods: GSTO1 and GSTO2 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction– restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The effect of GSTOs polymorphisms on predicting mortality was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard models, while Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests were used to assess differences in survival probability. GSTO1-1 expression was determined by Western blot and real time-PCR, while for the total S-glutathionylation electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions was performed. The total and oxidized glutathione content was measured by an enzymatic recycling method. Tumor cytosolic interleukin-8 (IL-8) and urine 8-hydroxy-2′- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Carriers of the variant GSTO2*G/G genotype were at increased risk of TCC development (OR-odds ratio =2.6, 95% CI-confidence interval =1.2-5.8, p=0.041), which was more pronounced, when associated with smoking (OR=4.3, 95%CI=1.6-11.2, p=0.003). Furthermore, these results indicate that GSTO1*C/GSTO2*G (GSTO1 wild type/GSTO2 variant) haplotype carriers were at the highest risk for the TCC development (OR=2.8, 95%CI=1.5-5.2, p=0.002). Although urinary 8-OHdG in TCC patients was significantly higher than in controls, the effect of combined GSTO1/GSTO2 genotype on the extent of oxidative damage was not found. GSTO1*A/A or GSTO2*G/G variant genotypes were independent predictors of the higher risk of death among TCC patients (HR-hazard ratio =2.9, p=0.022; HR=3.9, p=0.001; respectively) and significantly influenced the overall survival..

The Polymorphisms of Genes Encoding Catalytic Antioxidant Proteins Modulate the Susceptibility and Progression of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

The simultaneous analysis of redox biomarkers and polymorphisms encoding for regulatory and catalytic antioxidant proteins was performed in order to evaluate their potential role in the development of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT), as well as the progression of the disease. NRF2 (rs6721961), GSTM3 (rs1332018), SOD2 (rs4880) and GPX3 (rs8177412) polymorphisms were assessed in 88 patients with testicular GCT (52 with seminoma) and 88 age-matched controls. The plasma levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), thiol groups and the plasma activity of glutathione peroxidase were measured. A significant association between variant GPX3*TC+CC genotype and risk of overall testicular GCT, as well as seminoma development, was found. Moreover, carriers of variant SOD2*TT genotype were at almost 3-fold increased risk of seminoma development. Interestingly, combined SOD2*TT/GPX3*TC+CC genotype conferred a 7-fold higher risk for testicular GCT development. Finally, variant GSTM3*AC+CC genotype was associated with a higher risk for the development of advanced diseased. The presence of assessed genetic variants was not associated with significantly higher levels of redox biomarkers in both testicular GCT patients, as well as in those diagnosed with seminoma. In conclusion, the polymorphic expression of certain antioxidant enzymes might affect susceptibility toward testicular GCT development, as well as the progression of the disease

Physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate.

Chenopodium murale L. is an invasive weed species significantly interfering with wheat crop. However, the complete nature of its allelopathic influence on crops is not yet fully understood. In the present study, the focus is made on establishing the relation between plant morphophysiological changes and oxidative stress, induced by allelopathic extract. Phytotoxic medium of C. murale hairy root clone R5 reduced the germination rate (24% less than control value) of wheat cv. Nataša seeds, as well as seedling growth, diminishing shoot and root length significantly, decreased total chlorophyll content, and induced abnormal root gravitropism. The R5 treatment caused cellular structural abnormalities, reflecting on the root and leaf cell shape and organization. These abnormalities mostly included the increased number of mitochondria and reorganization of the vacuolar compartment, changes in nucleus shape, and chloroplast organization and distribution. The most significant structural changes were observed in cell wall in the form of amoeboid protrusions and folds leading to its irregular shape. These structural alterations were accompanied by an oxidative stress in tissues of treated wheat seedlings, reflected as increased level of H2O2 and other ROS molecules, an increase of radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content. Accordingly, the retardation of wheat seedling growth by C. murale allelochemicals may represent a consequence of complex activity involving both cell structure alteration and physiological processes.This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Protoplasma. The final authenticated version is available online at: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-018-1250-0

Polymorphisms and expression of glutathione transferase omega in development and progression of urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Циљ: Циљ ове студије је био да се разјасни улога генског полиморфизма GSTO1 (rs4925) и GSTO2 (rs156697) у индивидуалној подложности за настанак карцинома прелазног епитела мокраћне бешике, заједно са њиховим модификујућим ефектом на укупно преживљавање и/или хемотерапију код ових болесника. Такође је испитивана и експресија GSTO1-1 у туморском и околном морфолошки неизмењеном епителу болесника са карциномом прелазног епитела мокраћне бешике. Mатеријал и методе: Полиморфизам GSTO1 и GSTO2 је одређиван анализом производа рестрикционе дигестије ДНК фрагмената насталих реакцијом ланчаног умножавања (PCR-RFLP). Предиктивна вредност различитих GSTO генотипова је процењивана Коксовим регресионим хазардним моделима, док су Каплан-Мајерове криве коришћене за за приказивање вероватноће испитиваних догађаја, а лог-ранк тест за утврђивање разлика у вероватноћи преживљавања. GSTO1-1 експресија је одређивана методом Вестерн блота и реакцијом ланчаног умножавања у реалном времену (RT-PCR), док је за испитивање укупне S-глутатионилације изведена електрофореза под нередукујућим условима. Концентрација укупног и оксидованог глутатиона је одређена спектрофотометријски. Концентрација интерлеукина-8 (IL-8) у цитосолу и уринарни 8-хидрокси-2′-деоксигуанозин (8-OHdG) су одређени методом ензимског имуноесеја. Резултати: Носиоци варијантног GSTO2*G/G генотипа су били под повећаним ризиком за настанак карцинома прелазног епитела мокраћне бешике (OR=2,6, 95% CI=1,2-5,8, p=0,041), који је био још израженији када је овај генотип био удружен са пушењем (OR-odds ratio =4,3, 95%CI-confidence interval =1,6-11,2, p=0,003). Даље, добијени резултати указују да су носиоци хаплотипа GSTO1*C/GSTO2*G (GSTO1 референтни алел/GSTO2 варијантни алел) под највећим ризиком за настанак карцинома мокраћне бешике (OR=2,8, 95%CI=1,5-5,2, p=0,002)...Purpose: The aim of the study was to clarify the role of GSTO1 (rs4925) and GSTO2 (rs156697) genetic polymorphisms in individual susceptibility to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder, together with their modifying effect on the overall survival and/or chemotherapy treatment in these patients. We also examined the GSTO1 expression pattern in tumor and non-tumor tissue of TCC patients. Methods: GSTO1 and GSTO2 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction– restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The effect of GSTOs polymorphisms on predicting mortality was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard models, while Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests were used to assess differences in survival probability. GSTO1-1 expression was determined by Western blot and real time-PCR, while for the total S-glutathionylation electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions was performed. The total and oxidized glutathione content was measured by an enzymatic recycling method. Tumor cytosolic interleukin-8 (IL-8) and urine 8-hydroxy-2′- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Carriers of the variant GSTO2*G/G genotype were at increased risk of TCC development (OR-odds ratio =2.6, 95% CI-confidence interval =1.2-5.8, p=0.041), which was more pronounced, when associated with smoking (OR=4.3, 95%CI=1.6-11.2, p=0.003). Furthermore, these results indicate that GSTO1*C/GSTO2*G (GSTO1 wild type/GSTO2 variant) haplotype carriers were at the highest risk for the TCC development (OR=2.8, 95%CI=1.5-5.2, p=0.002). Although urinary 8-OHdG in TCC patients was significantly higher than in controls, the effect of combined GSTO1/GSTO2 genotype on the extent of oxidative damage was not found. GSTO1*A/A or GSTO2*G/G variant genotypes were independent predictors of the higher risk of death among TCC patients (HR-hazard ratio =2.9, p=0.022; HR=3.9, p=0.001; respectively) and significantly influenced the overall survival..