7 research outputs found
Vehicle emission survey and modeling in the context of street network traffic flow modeling
Upotreba
transportnih
modela
za
procene
emisija
predstavlјa
važan
deo
procesa
održivog
planiranja
saobraćaja
većih
urbanih
područja
.
Procena
uticaja
saobraćajnih
rešenja
na
životnu
sredinu
je
jedna
od
tri
osnovne
komponente
održivosti.
Prethodna
praksa
u
proceni
emisija
saobraćajnog
toka
u
Srbiji
podrazumevala
je
upotrebu
emisionih
modela
razvijenih
za
druga
područja
(gradove
ili
države)
što
omogućava
samo
relativno
poređenje
varijanti
rešenja.
Razvijeni
metodološki
pristup
prikuplјanja
i
modeliranja
je
dobra
osnova
za
formiranje
modela
specifičnog
za
lokalne
uslove
koji
bi
omogućio
i
apsolutnu
kvantifikaciju
emisije. Formiranjem
konceptualnog
modela
odnosno
metodologije
formiranja
modela,
koji
kao
ulaz
koristi
samo
podatke
o
načinu
vožnje
u
svakoj
sekundi,
za
konkretan
slučaj
matematički
je
opisana
veza
emisionog
sa
mikrosimulacionim
transportnim
modelom.
Za
primenu
u
makro
i
mezoskopskim
modelima
potrebno
je
generisati
emisione
faktore
na
nivou
prosečnih
brzina.
Baza
podataka
na
nivou
svake
sekunde
je
dobra
osnova
za
generisanje
emisionih
faktora
jer
omogućava
simuliranje
bilo
kog
ciklusa
vožnje.
A
generisanje
emisionih
faktora
je
zasnovano
na
ciklusima
vožnje
koji
predstavlјaju
karakteristično
ponašanje
vozača
u
određenim
saobraćajnim
okolnostima. Upotreba
podataka
o
emisijama
vozila
na
nivou
sekunde
je
bila
ograničena
na
istraživačku
zajednicu
zbog
visoke
cene
uređaja
za
merenje.
Formiranjem
merne
instalacije
u
ovoj
disertaciji
potvrđena
je
mogućnost
formiranja
ekonomične
merne
metodologije
koja
će
omogućiti
formiranje
baze
podataka
o
emisijama
vozila
u
realnim
uslovima
u saobraćajnom toku
kao
osnova
za
precizno
određivanje
emisija
vozila
u
saobraćajnom
toku
u
urbanim
područjima.
Na
taj
način
se
omogućava
pristup
podacima
širem
krugu
zainteresovanih
strana
i
brži
napredak
u
oblasti
istraživanja. Pri
formiranju
merne
instalacije,
osnovni
problem
je
bio
rešavanje
problema
kvantifikovanja
ukupne
količine
zagađujućih
materija.
Problem
se
svodi
na
mogućnost
transformisanja
jedinica
u
kojima
se
uobičajeno
meri
emisija
(ppm
ili
mg
/
m
3)
u
apsolutnu
količinu
emitovanog
gasa
(
mg
/
s
).
Problem
je
uspešno
rešen
upotrebom
Pitove
cevi
za
merenje
brzine
gasa
koja
predstavlјa
sastavni
deo
merne
instalacije.
Rad
je
u
osnovi
multidisciplinaran.
Ističe
se
ideja
upotrebe
teorije
kontrole
sistema
u
obradi
baze
podataka
o
emisijama.
Na
taj
način
se
daje
značajan
prilog
širenju
mogućnosti
u
obradi
prikuplјenih
podataka
za
formiranje
modela
i
mogućnostima
budućih
istraživanja
koja
se
tiču
varijabilnosti
i
pouzdanosti
podataka.The u
se of transport models
in
traffic flow emission estimation
is
an important
part of sustainable transport planning in major urban areas. Impact assessment of
the traffic solutions to the environment is one of the three basic components of
sustainability. Previous experience in the emission estimations in Serbia show
the
use of emission models developed for other areas (cities or countries) which allow
only relative comparison of variant solutions. Methodological approach of data
collection and modelling developed in this Dissertation is a good basis for
development of
locally specific model that would allow the absolute quantification
of emissions. The development of the conceptual model and the modelling methodology, which
uses second
-
by
-
second driving pattern data as an only input, is mathematically
described in conn
ection with micro
-
simulation transport model. Emission factors
based on average speed need to be generated for the use in macro and mesoscopic
models. Database on a second
-
by
-
second basis enables estimation of emission
factors for any driving cycle. Drivin
g cycles represent typical human behaviour in
certain traffic conditions.
The use of second
-
by
-
second vehicle emission data was limited to the research
community because of the high cost of measuring equipment. Measuring
installations built in this thesis
confirmed the possibility of creating cost
-
effective
measurement methodology. Methodology will allow the establishment of a vehicle
emissions database for real traffic conditions as a basis for accurate vehicle
emission estimation in the traffic flows in u
rban areas. It provides data for a wider
range of stakeholders and the advance in this field of research. The main problem was establishing the total amount of emissions. The problem
boils down to the possibility of unit’s conversion: turning ppm or mg/m3,
usually
used in emissions measurements, to absolute amount of gas emitted (mg/s). The problem has been successfully resolved using Pitot's tube to measure gas velocity,
which is an integral part of the measuring installation.
The work is essentially
multi
-
disciplinary. The idea of using the system control
theory in the processing of the emission data is emphasized. The approach
contributes to expanding possibilities in emission data processing for modelling
purposes.
The possibilities for future resea
rch related to the variability and
reliability of the data are also expande
Vehicle emission survey and modeling in the context of street network traffic flow modeling
Upotreba
transportnih
modela
za
procene
emisija
predstavlјa
važan
deo
procesa
održivog
planiranja
saobraćaja
većih
urbanih
područja
.
Procena
uticaja
saobraćajnih
rešenja
na
životnu
sredinu
je
jedna
od
tri
osnovne
komponente
održivosti.
Prethodna
praksa
u
proceni
emisija
saobraćajnog
toka
u
Srbiji
podrazumevala
je
upotrebu
emisionih
modela
razvijenih
za
druga
područja
(gradove
ili
države)
što
omogućava
samo
relativno
poređenje
varijanti
rešenja.
Razvijeni
metodološki
pristup
prikuplјanja
i
modeliranja
je
dobra
osnova
za
formiranje
modela
specifičnog
za
lokalne
uslove
koji
bi
omogućio
i
apsolutnu
kvantifikaciju
emisije. Formiranjem
konceptualnog
modela
odnosno
metodologije
formiranja
modela,
koji
kao
ulaz
koristi
samo
podatke
o
načinu
vožnje
u
svakoj
sekundi,
za
konkretan
slučaj
matematički
je
opisana
veza
emisionog
sa
mikrosimulacionim
transportnim
modelom.
Za
primenu
u
makro
i
mezoskopskim
modelima
potrebno
je
generisati
emisione
faktore
na
nivou
prosečnih
brzina.
Baza
podataka
na
nivou
svake
sekunde
je
dobra
osnova
za
generisanje
emisionih
faktora
jer
omogućava
simuliranje
bilo
kog
ciklusa
vožnje.
A
generisanje
emisionih
faktora
je
zasnovano
na
ciklusima
vožnje
koji
predstavlјaju
karakteristično
ponašanje
vozača
u
određenim
saobraćajnim
okolnostima. Upotreba
podataka
o
emisijama
vozila
na
nivou
sekunde
je
bila
ograničena
na
istraživačku
zajednicu
zbog
visoke
cene
uređaja
za
merenje.
Formiranjem
merne
instalacije
u
ovoj
disertaciji
potvrđena
je
mogućnost
formiranja
ekonomične
merne
metodologije
koja
će
omogućiti
formiranje
baze
podataka
o
emisijama
vozila
u
realnim
uslovima
u saobraćajnom toku
kao
osnova
za
precizno
određivanje
emisija
vozila
u
saobraćajnom
toku
u
urbanim
područjima.
Na
taj
način
se
omogućava
pristup
podacima
širem
krugu
zainteresovanih
strana
i
brži
napredak
u
oblasti
istraživanja. Pri
formiranju
merne
instalacije,
osnovni
problem
je
bio
rešavanje
problema
kvantifikovanja
ukupne
količine
zagađujućih
materija.
Problem
se
svodi
na
mogućnost
transformisanja
jedinica
u
kojima
se
uobičajeno
meri
emisija
(ppm
ili
mg
/
m
3)
u
apsolutnu
količinu
emitovanog
gasa
(
mg
/
s
).
Problem
je
uspešno
rešen
upotrebom
Pitove
cevi
za
merenje
brzine
gasa
koja
predstavlјa
sastavni
deo
merne
instalacije.
Rad
je
u
osnovi
multidisciplinaran.
Ističe
se
ideja
upotrebe
teorije
kontrole
sistema
u
obradi
baze
podataka
o
emisijama.
Na
taj
način
se
daje
značajan
prilog
širenju
mogućnosti
u
obradi
prikuplјenih
podataka
za
formiranje
modela
i
mogućnostima
budućih
istraživanja
koja
se
tiču
varijabilnosti
i
pouzdanosti
podataka.The u
se of transport models
in
traffic flow emission estimation
is
an important
part of sustainable transport planning in major urban areas. Impact assessment of
the traffic solutions to the environment is one of the three basic components of
sustainability. Previous experience in the emission estimations in Serbia show
the
use of emission models developed for other areas (cities or countries) which allow
only relative comparison of variant solutions. Methodological approach of data
collection and modelling developed in this Dissertation is a good basis for
development of
locally specific model that would allow the absolute quantification
of emissions. The development of the conceptual model and the modelling methodology, which
uses second
-
by
-
second driving pattern data as an only input, is mathematically
described in conn
ection with micro
-
simulation transport model. Emission factors
based on average speed need to be generated for the use in macro and mesoscopic
models. Database on a second
-
by
-
second basis enables estimation of emission
factors for any driving cycle. Drivin
g cycles represent typical human behaviour in
certain traffic conditions.
The use of second
-
by
-
second vehicle emission data was limited to the research
community because of the high cost of measuring equipment. Measuring
installations built in this thesis
confirmed the possibility of creating cost
-
effective
measurement methodology. Methodology will allow the establishment of a vehicle
emissions database for real traffic conditions as a basis for accurate vehicle
emission estimation in the traffic flows in u
rban areas. It provides data for a wider
range of stakeholders and the advance in this field of research. The main problem was establishing the total amount of emissions. The problem
boils down to the possibility of unit’s conversion: turning ppm or mg/m3,
usually
used in emissions measurements, to absolute amount of gas emitted (mg/s). The problem has been successfully resolved using Pitot's tube to measure gas velocity,
which is an integral part of the measuring installation.
The work is essentially
multi
-
disciplinary. The idea of using the system control
theory in the processing of the emission data is emphasized. The approach
contributes to expanding possibilities in emission data processing for modelling
purposes.
The possibilities for future resea
rch related to the variability and
reliability of the data are also expande
Application of transport demand modeling in pollution estimation of a street network
The importance of transportation modeling, especially personal car flow modeling, is well recognized in transportation planning. Modern software tools give the possibility of generating many development scenarios of transport system, which can be tested quickly. Transportation models represent a good (and necessary) basis in the procedure of environmental traffic impacts and energy emission estimation. Research in this paper deals with the possibility of using transportation modeling as a tool for estimation of some air pollution and global warming indicators on street network, produced by personal cars with internal combustion engines. These indicators could be the basis for defining planning and management solutions for transport system with respect to their environmental impacts. All the analyses are based on several years of research experience in Belgrade. According to the emissions of gases from the model, the values of other green house gases can be estimated using the known relations between the pollutants. There is a possibility that all these data can be used to calculate the transportation systems impact on temperature increase in urban areas
Analysis of sustainable urban mobility plans
Solving traffic problems, rather than in a conventional manner, i.e. through the construction of infrastructure and customization requirements, began to be implemented in a different way, by applying measures to motivate users to -use passenger car less, and that more of their daily activities are reached by nonmotorized modes of movement. Sustainable urban transport plans (SUP) were introduced in legislation of the EU, strategic documents that help create a better quality of life in cities. For the purposes of this study, a review of the literature related to existing plans of some major European cities was carried out, as well as small, focusing on cities of the surroundings. On this basis, the similarities and differences were ephasized in proposed measures to reach the goals of sustainable development of transportation systems. In conclusion recommendations are given on the possibility of use of experiences and applications in all the individual local communities
Researching the weather impact on trip generation in European cities
Climate change and changes in weather conditions have the impact on the transport system. Changes in weather conditions cause changes in the transport supply, as well as in transport demand. The first researches about weather impact on transport demand in the cities were carried out at the end of the nineties and have been intensified in the last ten years. Most of the researches about weather impact on trip generation were carried out in the countries of Northern Europe. In recent years, researches are also conducted in European countries that have climate conditions and population habits significantly different from northern European countries. This paper presents an overview of the areas in which weather impact on the trip generation was investigated. The most important conclusions of the conducted research are presented and the weather components that have the greatest influence on the trip generation are indicated. Understanding the weather impact on the transport demand is necessary for the implementation of transportation planning procedures in the upcoming climate change conditions
Adverse weather impact on infrastructural aspect of transportation system supply
Over time, the transportation planing process became more sophisticated and comprehensive considering the wider range of indicatores that could affect balance between transportation supply and transportation demand. Considering urbanization and motorized traffic increase, the necessary capacity provision became a particular challenge. Therefore, it became especially important to take into account all the potential impacts that could lead to the capacity reduction. Actualization of climate change phenomenon intensified the research of weather impact in all segments of society development, including transport. Climate changes contributed to the variability of weather conditions characteristics. When it comes to the urban street network, despite the fact that even without specific research can be concluded that adverse weather conditions reduce the transport system efficiency, significant progress in reducing or eliminating consequences of that impact is not made. In this paper, the focus will be on the results of significant studies that analysed adverse weather impact on infrastructural aspect of transportation system supply, i.e. street capacity
Analysis of pollutant emissions of a lorry for different EURO standards and operating conditions
Environmental pollution is becoming an increasingly important problem that needs to be solved, and road vehicles contribution in that pollution is significant. In that sense, in this paper, a brief overview of models used to determine pollutant emissions is given, and then the environmental pollution of an actual lorry with a maximum permissible mass of up to 7.5 t is specifically considered. While determining pollutant emissions different Euro standards, average vehicle speeds, payload utilizations and longitudinal road slopes were taken into account. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) were observed in detail in this paper