Time course of hematological parameters in bleeding-induced anemia

In order to investigate daily changes of hematological parameters in bleeding-induced anemia, we treated Wistar albino male rats by daily bleeding (1.5-2 mL of blood from the tail vein for eight days). Blood samples were taken before (on day zero) and on the first to eighth days of bleeding. The values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count decreased significantly after the second, sixth, and second days of bleeding, respectively. The number of leuko­cytes and platelets, as well as Heinz body levels, increased significantly after the third and second days of treatment. The percentage of reticulocytes increased significantly from the second day and attained the maximum level (32.55 ± 0.96%) on the eighth day

Concentration of antioxidant compounds and lipid peroxidation in the liver and white muscle of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) in the Adriatic sea

Specimens of a marine freshwater fish - hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) - were collected at the localities of Platamuni and Valdanos (Montenegro, South Adriatic) in the spring of 2003. Our results showed higher concentrations of LPO, Vit C, and Vit E in the liver in comparison with white muscle. The concentration of LPOin both tissues was higher, while that of Vit E was lower at Valdanos compared to Platamuni. These differences in parameters of oxidative stress are partly due to differences in temperature and the concentrations of nitrites, nitrates, and detergents in the waters of Valdanos compared to Platamuni.Tokom 2003. godine uzorkovane su jedinke morske ribe - oslića (Merluccius merluccius L.) iz voda sa lokaliteta Platamuni i Valdanos (Crna Gora, južni Jadran) u prolećnom periodu. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali veće koncentracije LP, Vit Ci Vit E u jetri oslića u odnosu na belo mišićno tkivo. Koncentracija LP je bila veća, a Vit E manja u oba ispitivana tkiva oslića u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u poređenju sa Platamuni. Ovakve promene parametara oksidacionog stresa posledica su promena temperature, kao i povećanih koncentracija nitrita, nitrata i deterdženata u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u odnosu na Platamune.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Effects of cisplatin on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox status in the liver of male rats: The protective role of selenium

The role of oxidative stress in cisplatin (CP) toxicity and its prevention by pretreatment with selenium (Se) was investigated. Male Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.) and selenium (6 mg Se/kg b.m, as Na2SeO3, i.p.) alone or in combination. The results suggest that CP intoxication induces oxidative stress and alters the glutathione redox status: reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (GSH RI), resulting in increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver. The pretreatment with selenium prior to CP treatment showed a protective effect against the toxic influence of CP on peroxidation of the membrane lipids and an altering of the glutathione redox status in the liver of rats. From our results we conclude that selenium functions as a potent antioxidant and suggest that it can control CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Effects of cisplatin on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox status in the liver of male rats: The protective role of selenium

The role of oxidative stress in cisplatin (CP) toxicity and its prevention by pretreatment with selenium (Se) was investigated. Male Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.) and selenium (6 mg Se/kg b.m, as Na2SeO3, i.p.) alone or in combination. The results suggest that CP intoxication induces oxidative stress and alters the glutathione redox status: reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (GSH RI), resulting in increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver. The pretreatment with selenium prior to CP treatment showed a protective effect against the toxic influence of CP on peroxidation of the membrane lipids and an altering of the glutathione redox status in the liver of rats. From our results we conclude that selenium functions as a potent antioxidant and suggest that it can control CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.U našoj studiji ispitivana je uloga oksidacionog stresa u toksičnosti cisplatina (SR) i njegova prevencija pretretmanom selenom (Se). Mužjaci Wistar albino pacova su inicirani jednom dozom cisplatina (7.5 mg CP/kg t.m., i.p.) i selena (6 mg Se/kg t.m, kao Na2SeO3, i.p.) pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji. Rezultati pokazuju da intoksikacija SR uzrokuje oksidacioni stres i promenu glutation redoks statusa: redukovanog (GSH), oksidovanog (GSSG) i GSH/GSSG indeksa (GSH RI), kao i povećanje lipidne peroksidacije (LPO) u jetri pacova. Tretman Se koji je prethodio tretmanu SR pokazao je zaštitne efekte protiv toksičnog delovanja SR na peroksidaciju lipida membrane i promenu glutation redoks statusa u jetri pacova. Na osnovu naših rezultata zaključujemo da Se, deluje kao snažan antioksidans i da može imati ulogu u kontroli SR indukovane hepatotoksičnosti kod pacova.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Concentration of antioxidant compounds and lipid peroxidation in the liver and white muscle of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) in the Adriatic sea

Specimens of a marine freshwater fish - hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) - were collected at the localities of Platamuni and Valdanos (Montenegro, South Adriatic) in the spring of 2003. Our results showed higher concentrations of LPO, Vit C, and Vit E in the liver in comparison with white muscle. The concentration of LPOin both tissues was higher, while that of Vit E was lower at Valdanos compared to Platamuni. These differences in parameters of oxidative stress are partly due to differences in temperature and the concentrations of nitrites, nitrates, and detergents in the waters of Valdanos compared to Platamuni.Tokom 2003. godine uzorkovane su jedinke morske ribe - oslića (Merluccius merluccius L.) iz voda sa lokaliteta Platamuni i Valdanos (Crna Gora, južni Jadran) u prolećnom periodu. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali veće koncentracije LP, Vit Ci Vit E u jetri oslića u odnosu na belo mišićno tkivo. Koncentracija LP je bila veća, a Vit E manja u oba ispitivana tkiva oslića u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u poređenju sa Platamuni. Ovakve promene parametara oksidacionog stresa posledica su promena temperature, kao i povećanih koncentracija nitrita, nitrata i deterdženata u vodama lokaliteta Valdanos u odnosu na Platamune.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Time course of hematological parameters in bleeding-induced anemia

In order to investigate daily changes of hematological parameters in bleeding-induced anemia, we treated Wistar albino male rats by daily bleeding (1.5-2 mL of blood from the tail vein for eight days). Blood samples were taken before (on day zero) and on the first to eighth days of bleeding. The values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count decreased significantly after the second, sixth, and second days of bleeding, respectively. The number of leuko­cytes and platelets, as well as Heinz body levels, increased significantly after the third and second days of treatment. The percentage of reticulocytes increased significantly from the second day and attained the maximum level (32.55 ± 0.96%) on the eighth day.U cilju ispitivanja dnevnih promena hematoloških parametara u toku anemije indukovane dnevnim krvarenjem, tretirali smo Wistar albino pacove dnevnim krvarenjem (1.5-2 ml krvi iz repne vene u toku 8 dana). Uzorci krvi uzimani su pre (0 dan) i 1-8. dana krvarenja. Vrednosti za hematokrit, hemoglobin i broj eritrocita značajno opadaju nakon drugog, šestog i drugog dana krvarenja. Broj leukocita i trombocita, kao i nivo formiranja Heinz-ovih telašaca raste značajno nakon trećeg i drugog dana tretmana. Procenat retikulocita značajno raste od drugog dana i dostiže maksimalni nivo (32.55 ± 0.96 %) osmog dana tremana.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Effects of cisplatin on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox status in the liver of male rats: The protective role of selenium

The role of oxidative stress in cisplatin (CP) toxicity and its prevention by pretreatment with selenium (Se) was investigated. Male Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.) and selenium (6 mg Se/kg b.m, as Na2SeO3, i.p.) alone or in combination. The results suggest that CP intoxication induces oxidative stress and alters the glutathione redox status: reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (GSH RI), resulting in increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver. The pretreatment with selenium prior to CP treatment showed a protective effect against the toxic influence of CP on peroxidation of the membrane lipids and an altering of the glutathione redox status in the liver of rats. From our results we conclude that selenium functions as a potent antioxidant and suggest that it can control CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.U našoj studiji ispitivana je uloga oksidacionog stresa u toksičnosti cisplatina (SR) i njegova prevencija pretretmanom selenom (Se). Mužjaci Wistar albino pacova su inicirani jednom dozom cisplatina (7.5 mg CP/kg t.m., i.p.) i selena (6 mg Se/kg t.m, kao Na2SeO3, i.p.) pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji. Rezultati pokazuju da intoksikacija SR uzrokuje oksidacioni stres i promenu glutation redoks statusa: redukovanog (GSH), oksidovanog (GSSG) i GSH/GSSG indeksa (GSH RI), kao i povećanje lipidne peroksidacije (LPO) u jetri pacova. Tretman Se koji je prethodio tretmanu SR pokazao je zaštitne efekte protiv toksičnog delovanja SR na peroksidaciju lipida membrane i promenu glutation redoks statusa u jetri pacova. Na osnovu naših rezultata zaključujemo da Se, deluje kao snažan antioksidans i da može imati ulogu u kontroli SR indukovane hepatotoksičnosti kod pacova.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Biotransformation and nitroglycerin-induced effects on antioxidative defense system in rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes

The effects of nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate - GTN) are mediated by liberated nitric oxide (NO) and formed reactive nitrogen species, which induces oxidative stress during biotransformation in red blood cells (RBCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of GTN on antioxidative defense system (AOS) in rat erythrocytes (without) and reticulocytes (with functional mitochondria). Rat erythrocyte and reticulocyte-rich RBC suspensions were aerobically incubated (2 h, 37 degrees C) without (control) or in the presence of different concentrations of GTN (0.1-1.5 mM). After incubation, concentrations of non-enzymatic components of AOS, activities of antioxidative enzymes and oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway activity were followed in RBC suspensions. In rat reticulocytes, GTN decreased the activity of mitochondrial MnSOD and increased the activity of CuZnSOD. In rat RBCs, GTN induced increase of Vit E concentration (at high doses), but decreased glutathione content and activities of all glutathione-dependent antioxidative enzymes; the OPP pathway activity significantly increased. GTN biotransformation and induction of oxidative stress were followed by general disbalance of antioxidative capacities in both kinds of RBCs. We suggest that oxidative stress, MnSOD inhibition and depletion of glutathione pool in response to GTN treatment lead to decreased bioavailability of NO after GTN biotransformation in rat reticulocytes.Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development {[}III41010, OI173041

Effect of aspartame on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in rat blood

Aspartame (ASP) is one of the most widely used nonnutritive sweeteners. This study investigates the chronic effects of ASP on hematological and biochemical parameters, and its effects on the oxidative/antioxidative status in the red blood cells of Wistar albino rats. Rats were provided with ASP (40 mg/kg/daily for six weeks) in drinking water. Increased food and fluid intake was observed in the ASP-treated rats. Total body mass was significantly decreased in the ASP-treated rats. Treatment with ASP caused an increase in the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as a decrease in the levels of HDL-cholesterol in the serum. A significant decline in the number of white blood cells (WBC) was observed after ASP uptake. Based on the results we conclude that ASP induces oxidative stress, observed as an alteration of the glutathione redox status, which leads to increased concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxides (LPO) in the red blood cells. Changes in biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, as well as changes in the levels of oxidative stress markers and the appearance of signs of liver damage indicate that chronic use of ASP can lead to the development of hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and associated diseases. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173041

Parameters of oxidative stress in liver and white muscle of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) from the Adriatic Sea

Fish are the most important organisms in the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. A number of pollutants may cause the oxidative stress in the organism of fish. The monitoring of parameters of oxidative stress in tissues of fish is a good biomarker in the assessment of the condition of environment. Catch of commercially important species of fish, hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) was carried out in front of sea-port Bar (South Adriatic) at the end of May 2005. The parameters of oxidative stress: concentrations of lipid peroxides (LP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined in liver and white muscle. Physical-chemical parameters (salinity, concentration of dissolved oxygen and temperature) as well as the concentrations of nitrites, nitrates and detergents in the water of investigated locality were determined. The obtained results showed the tissue specificity that was the consequence of different metabolic and antioxidative activities. In the liver of hake, the increased concentration of LP was found in comparison to the white muscle, whereas in white muscle the increased concentration of GSH was recorded in comparison to the liver. These results suggest that the intensity of oxidative stress was higher in the liver in comparison to the white muscle, which is the consequence of increased presence of pollutants in water of the investigated locality. .Projekat ministarstva br. 143035