Nišava-potamološka studija

The Nišava River Basin is very multiform and specific as in geographical, so as in hydrological terms, which is conditioned by its particular location on the contact of the Serbian-Macedonian Mass and the Carpatho-Balkan Mountains, extremely complex geological structure and tectonics, diverse climatic conditions. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the hydrological conditions in the Nišava River Basin, that is, the factors that affect the formation of waters. This was achieved through determination of the degree of influence of certain physical-geographical factors on the type of spring, way of precipitation runoff and water regime of the Nišava River and its tributaries. The aim was also to determine trends of changes in the value of the climate elements that had a crucial impact on the discharge formation in watercourses - temperature and precipitation, as well as to determine the probability of occurrence of the characteristical water levels and discharges for better water management planning and water use. One of the main objectives was to determine the probability of occurrence of extreme discharges in order to prevent flooding and droughts, as well as the level of anthropogenic impacts on the discharges of certain parts of the Nišava River Basin, both in quantitative terms, but also in time and space discharge distribution. The paper applied mostly the cartographical, graphical, and above all, mathematical and statistical methods. It was found that the dissection and complexity of the relief forms in the basin conditioned a huge distinction in the exposition and elevation of the terrain, which were the two main factors that had a strong impact on the discharge formation. The exsistance of a trend of increase in annual air temperatures was determined, especially during the summer months, which negatively reflected on the discharge. Also, a trend of decrease in precipitation amount in the basin was determined. As a consequence, the trend of decrease in discharge was found. The distinctive anthropogenic impacts on the formation and runoff of the watercourses in the Nišava River Basin were established, which reflected through water taking from the riverbed from one and transferring to the riverbeds of the other watercourses which were located both in the Nišava River Basin and also out of it, through water supply of the numerous inhabitants and industies, uncontrolled and unregulated unregulated agricultural irrigation, which might lead to decrease in the water amount in the riverbed, especially during the periods of droughts as well as with the associated problems

Native legumes in the flora of Pčinja valley (South Serbia) — species diversity and distribution pattern

The flora of Pčinja valley, as situated in southern Balkan Peninsula, is comparatively rich in native legume species, representing important genomic and breeding resources for legume crops and forages. According to their taxonomical diversity, legume family belongs to the group of most important plant families in the flora of Serbia, and at the same time the second best represented in the flora of Pčinja valley. Considering elements different in origin and ecological requirements this family comprises impressive list of 100 species and subspecies that represents more than 40% of their total number in Serbia. At the same time such a large number of representatives are distributed across the area of hardly 0.17% of whole country area. The genus Trifolium, referring 32 taxa, is the most abundant among all other genera in the flora of the valley. The following genera: Vicia (15), Lathyrus (11), Medicago (7), Chamacytisus (5) and Astragalus (4) are also considerably rich at the family level. The life forms spectrum points at ecological group of annual representatives taking the largest portion of the all legume flora of valley

The impact of Mediterranean oscillations on periodicity and trend of temperature in the valley of the Nisava river - a fourier and wavelet approach

Periodicity of temperature on three stations in the Nisava River valley in period 1949-2014, has been analyzed by means of Fourier and wavelet transforms. Combined periodogram based on fast Fourier transform shows considerable similarity among individual series and identffies significant periods on 2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 5, 6-7, and 8.2 years in all datasets. Wavelet coherence analysis connects strongest 6-7 years spectral component to Mediterranean oscillation, starting in 1980s. Combined periodogram of Mediterranean oscillation index reveals 6-7 years spectral component as a dominant mode in period 1949-2014. Wavelet power spectra and partial combined periodograms show absence of 6-7 years component before 1975, after which this component becomes dominant in the spectrum. Consistency between alternation in temperature trend in the Nisava River valley and change in periodicity of Mediterranean oscillation was found

Assessment of soil erosion rates in Southeastern Serbia using nuclear techniques

Erozija zemljišta vodom predstavlja vaţan problem zaštite ţivotne sredine u Srbiji. Posledica erozije je degradacija zemljišnih resursa, smanjenje plodnosti zemljišta i redukcija poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Najveši intenzitet erozije uoţen je na obradivom zemljištu na strmim padinama. Pretvaranje pašnjaka u obradivo zemljište uticalo je na povešanje prostora zahvašenih procesom erozije. U ovom radu prikazani su preli-minarni rezultati projekta tehniţke saradnje sa MeŤunarodnom agencijom za atomsku energiju ̳Jaţanje kapaciteta za procenu intenziteta erozije zemljišta koriššenjem nuklearnih tehnika u cilju podrške odrţivom upravljanju zemljištem‘ (SRB5003) ţiji je cilj procena intenziteta erozije zemljišta 137Cs-metodom. Istraţivanja sprovedena u basenima Pţinje i Juţne Morave ukazala su na intenzivnu eroziju na ovom prostoru. Istraţivanja še biti nastavljena na nekoliko drugih lokacija, a rezultati še biti upotrebljeni za podršku nacionalnim programima konzervacije zemljišta.Soil erosion by water presents an important environmental problem in Serbia resulting in degradation of the soil resources, reducing soil fertility and agricultural production. The highest intensity of erosion was observed at cultivated land occupying steep slopes. The conversion of pastures to arable land enhances this problem. This study presents the preliminary results of Technical Cooperation Project of International Atomic Energy Agency ̳Strengthening the Capacities for Soil Erosion Assessment Using Nuclear Techniques to Support Implementation of Sustainable Land Management Practices‘(SRB5003) aimed at estimation of soil erosion rates using the 137Cs-method. The investigation of Pčinja and South Morava River Basins in southeastern Serbia revealed intensive erosion in the area. The investigation will continue at several other sites and the results will be used to support national soil conservation policy.Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681]XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србиј

Vertical distribution of 137Cs in the undisturbed soil profiles in the basin of pčinja river, southeastern serbia

The 137Cs activity concentrations in six undisturbed soil profiles collected during 2013 in the basin of Pčinja River, southeastern Serbia, were determined gamma-ray spectrometrically. Average value of six undisturbed soil profiles by layers was calculated and vertical distribution of 137Cs activity concentration at 5 cm interval samples was shown by average profile. The 137Cs activity concentrations varied between 0.29 and 70.9 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 10.7 Bq kg-1. Even 27 years after Chernobyl accident 74% of deposited 137Cs was found in the first 20 cm of the soil

Utilization of remote sensing and nuclear techniques for detailed modeling and quantitative assessment of gully erosion within the forested area of the Malčanska river basin, eastern Serbia

The gully erosion is one of the most significant land degradation processes. Although gully erosion significantly threatens agricultural productivity and natural ecosystems, European land management strategies frequently need more reliable data on environmental conditions governing this process. This study presents a methodology that integrates remote sensing and nuclear techniques for examining gully erosion (Đokić et al., 2023). It introduces a novel approach to erosion research by employing 360-degree camera photogrammetry to characterize gullies morphometrically. The main objectives of this approach are to evaluate the applicability of unmanned aerial vehicles and terrestrial photogrammetry for modeling gullies, to study small-scale erosion processes within gullies, compare erosion intensity between adjacent gullies, and determine the most effective and cost-efficient method for monitoring gullies. A total of 39 soil samples were taken in three studied gullies. The results revealed an average soil redistribution rate of 16.2 t ha−1 yr−1 and coefficients of variation of 32%, 59%, and 91% for the gullies. The estimated erosion rate varies from a minimum of 0.1 t ha−1 yr−1 to a maximum of 34.3 t ha−1 yr−1. Soil deposition was identified at only two sampling sites, 1.1 and 2 t ha−1 yr−1. Highly detailed 3D models of the gullies were created using 360-degree photogrammetry. The micro-relief obtained through modeling proved to be an essential aspect of advanced erosion research

Assessment of soil erosion rates in Southeastern Serbia using nuclear techniques

Erozija zemljišta vodom predstavlja vaţan problem zaštite ţivotne sredine u Srbiji. Posledica erozije je degradacija zemljišnih resursa, smanjenje plodnosti zemljišta i redukcija poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Najveši intenzitet erozije uoţen je na obradivom zemljištu na strmim padinama. Pretvaranje pašnjaka u obradivo zemljište uticalo je na povešanje prostora zahvašenih procesom erozije. U ovom radu prikazani su preli-minarni rezultati projekta tehniţke saradnje sa MeŤunarodnom agencijom za atomsku energiju ̳Jaţanje kapaciteta za procenu intenziteta erozije zemljišta koriššenjem nuklearnih tehnika u cilju podrške odrţivom upravljanju zemljištem‘ (SRB5003) ţiji je cilj procena intenziteta erozije zemljišta 137Cs-metodom. Istraţivanja sprovedena u basenima Pţinje i Juţne Morave ukazala su na intenzivnu eroziju na ovom prostoru. Istraţivanja še biti nastavljena na nekoliko drugih lokacija, a rezultati še biti upotrebljeni za podršku nacionalnim programima konzervacije zemljišta.Soil erosion by water presents an important environmental problem in Serbia resulting in degradation of the soil resources, reducing soil fertility and agricultural production. The highest intensity of erosion was observed at cultivated land occupying steep slopes. The conversion of pastures to arable land enhances this problem. This study presents the preliminary results of Technical Cooperation Project of International Atomic Energy Agency ̳Strengthening the Capacities for Soil Erosion Assessment Using Nuclear Techniques to Support Implementation of Sustainable Land Management Practices‘(SRB5003) aimed at estimation of soil erosion rates using the 137Cs-method. The investigation of Pčinja and South Morava River Basins in southeastern Serbia revealed intensive erosion in the area. The investigation will continue at several other sites and the results will be used to support national soil conservation policy.Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681]XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србиј

Nišava-potamološka studija

The Nišava River Basin is very multiform and specific as in geographical, so as in hydrological terms, which is conditioned by its particular location on the contact of the Serbian-Macedonian Mass and the Carpatho-Balkan Mountains, extremely complex geological structure and tectonics, diverse climatic conditions. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the hydrological conditions in the Nišava River Basin, that is, the factors that affect the formation of waters. This was achieved through determination of the degree of influence of certain physical-geographical factors on the type of spring, way of precipitation runoff and water regime of the Nišava River and its tributaries. The aim was also to determine trends of changes in the value of the climate elements that had a crucial impact on the discharge formation in watercourses - temperature and precipitation, as well as to determine the probability of occurrence of the characteristical water levels and discharges for better water management planning and water use. One of the main objectives was to determine the probability of occurrence of extreme discharges in order to prevent flooding and droughts, as well as the level of anthropogenic impacts on the discharges of certain parts of the Nišava River Basin, both in quantitative terms, but also in time and space discharge distribution. The paper applied mostly the cartographical, graphical, and above all, mathematical and statistical methods. It was found that the dissection and complexity of the relief forms in the basin conditioned a huge distinction in the exposition and elevation of the terrain, which were the two main factors that had a strong impact on the discharge formation. The exsistance of a trend of increase in annual air temperatures was determined, especially during the summer months, which negatively reflected on the discharge. Also, a trend of decrease in precipitation amount in the basin was determined. As a consequence, the trend of decrease in discharge was found. The distinctive anthropogenic impacts on the formation and runoff of the watercourses in the Nišava River Basin were established, which reflected through water taking from the riverbed from one and transferring to the riverbeds of the other watercourses which were located both in the Nišava River Basin and also out of it, through water supply of the numerous inhabitants and industies, uncontrolled and unregulated unregulated agricultural irrigation, which might lead to decrease in the water amount in the riverbed, especially during the periods of droughts as well as with the associated problems

Hydrographic resources of Ibarski Kolašin in the function of tourism development

Hydrographic objects (hydrograph) of a territory may be an important natural potential for tourism development. Ibarski Kolasin is a territory in northern Kosovo. Very poor in economic terms. Development of tourism activities in this area, it could be a significant source of income. Accumulation Gazivode is remarkably fit into the landscape, and together with the surrounding mountains, Mokra Gora and Rogozna, represents a specific geographical areas, which could be excellent tourist realized

Demographic potential of the Nišava district

This paper analyzes the demographic potential of the Nišava District at the administrative level of municipality. It is shown through the analysis of the selected indicators: numerical trends and age structure of the population. The main demographic processes that characterize the observed district are the overall depopulation (the decrease of the total population) and the aging of the population. Due to this, the change in the population numbers according to previous censuses has been investigated in order to determine its intensity in different periods. Some population characteristics such as the age of the population, the aging index, the age coefficient, the young population contingent (0-19) and the old population continent (60 and over) as well as the fertile and labor contingent have been used to represent the age structure. The changes in the educational structure are considered in interaction with the processes of depopulation and demographic aging. This has been an attempt to determine the degree of correlation between demographic processes and the education level of the population. The results of the analysis of the demographic potential point to spatial disparity of the Nišava District. Unfavorable demographic processes, extreme depopulation and aging of the population of this district have had a large influence on the weakening of the demographic basis and the decrease in the overall potential of the observed district. The mutual dependence of the process of depopulation and pronounced changes in the age structure towards ever increasing aging of the population has created a vicious cycle which leads to unfavorable and unstoppable demographic changes in this area