Evaluation of criteria when selecting agricultural machinery suppliers

The aim of this paper is to apply a modern decision-making method to select the given criteria that would help in selecting the most favourable supplier of sowing equipment. For that purpose, DEMATEL (The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) is a suggested method for multi-criteria decision-making, i.e. its fuzzy logic. The reason for this is the use of professional judgment of experts in a given field of analysis where the fuzzy logic of decisions tried to approach human thinking. The paper focus is the equipment for sowing of an agricultural farm in the municipality of Bijeljina, and the obtained results show the influence of certain criteria that are crucial in the selection of suppliers. Also, the benefit of the research stems from the observation of shortcomings, i.e. improving the quality of the subject of work according to certain processed criteria

Selection of Apple Harvesting Machine By the Use of Fuzzy Method of Multi-Criteria Analysis

Rapid development of agricultural production has imposed the need for use of modern machines for the realization of required production operations. In line with that, according to the multi-criteria decision-making, i.e., by the use of CRITIC method and MARCOS fuzzy method, the selection of a machine for apple harvesting (apple tree shaking) was performed. Gained results show that selection among three alternatives, i.e. manual apple tree shaker with hydraulic or pneumatic drive, tractor carried (hydraulic) apple tree shaker, apple tree shaker on a towed machine, proved the second alternative to be the best. The choice among the offered options was made based on seven predefined criteria set by the experts from the researched subject area. The importance of research is found in adequate application of the multi-criteria analysis methods, especially fuzzy methodology, in the process of selecting the most suitable option in apple harvesting machines (apple tree shakers)

Biserka аnd Rumenka - domestic high-yield millet varieties as a functional food

Proso je žito visoke nutritivne vrednosti i glavni je izvor energije i proteina za milione ljudi u svetu. Koristi ga jedna trećina svetske populacije u ishrani. Sve više se koristi u ishrani zbog pozitivnog efekta na zdravlje ljudi. U ovom radu, analizirana je svetska proizvodnja prosa i agronomske karakteristike domaćih sorti Biserke i Rumenke, gajenih na černozemu, u Bačkom Petrovcu, sa naglaskom na ekološke zahteve, potencijal rodnosti i nutritivne vrednosti. Proso zauzima šesto mesto u svetu među žitaricama, a najveći proizvođači prosa su Azija i Afrika. Zahvaljujući visokoj otpornosti na sušu, proso beleži trend rasta površina u svetu. Prosečni svetski prinosi zrna su 900 kg ha-1. Novosadske sorte ostvarile su statistički značajno više prosečne prinose zrna (2,9 t ha-1) u odnosu na svetske prinose. Proso ima odličnu perspektivu za gajenje u Srbiji i alternativni je usev u sprečavanju nestašice hrane i gladi u sušnim rejonima.Millet is acereal, high nutritional value, and is a major source ofenergy and protein for millions of people in worldwide. It is used by onethird of the world's population in the diet. It is more represented in thediet due to the positive effect on human health. In this study, the milletworld production and agronomic characteristics of domestic varietiesBiserka and Rumenka were analyzed, grown on chernozem, in BačkiPetrovac, with emphasis on environmental requirements, fertilitypotential and nutritional value. Millet ranks sixth in the world amongcereals and the largest producers of millet are Asia and Africa. Thanks tothe high resistance to drought, millet has a growing trend in the world.The average world grain yield is 900 kg ha-1. NS varieties achievedstatistically significantly higher average grain yields (2.9 t ha-1) inrelation to world yields. Millet has an excellent prospect for growing inSerbia and is an alternative crop in preventing food shortages and faminein arid regions

Application of drone in agriculture

The paper analyzes the possibility and necessity of applying special types of robots (mini unmanned aircraft with different constructions with the UAV tag) in agriculture (agrodrone). Year 2015 was declared (Fortune Magazine, 2016) as the year of increase and widespread application of drone aircraft in all areas of human activity, particularly in agriculture and forestry (75% usage). This is important for large areas of farms, whe re the mini aircraft have numerous useful functions and a very cost-effective application. Agro drone flight (flight time of 45 min, and the flight altitude of 1 m to 120 m) can be used to analyze more functional parameters on about 120 ha of crops, and all data can be sent to multiple locations (Audit Information Centre, mobile phones users and the like). Today some types of agro drones have a relative price of 2000 USD, if the users (farmers) assemble the drone themselves after purchasing it in parts. However the price of these mini aircraft can be up to 250,000 US$ for specific models used by the military, when equipped with special infrared cameras, sensors and HD video tech nology, which is controlled by an operator (pilot) from the surface. Usage of agro drones may be expensive at first, but research shows that many data collected (for example, identifying the species of insects and plant diseases, irrigation, yield asse ssment or monitoring the movement of animals on farms), help farmers to regain inve sted funds, sometimes for only one year. Farmers can use these aircraft in order to establish a rational and precise use of pesticides, herbicides, mineral fertilizers, all based on data obtained from the agro drone, used for precision agriculture systems. In this sense, the farmers have significant financial benefits, since one drone flight has an operational cost of a water bottle, and the data collected has great value. There are anecdotes about farmers in the US who first buy an agro drone and afterwards a hunting dog. The paper presents some structures of agro drones as well as ideas for their possi ble future application in agriculture of the R. of Serbia

Osnovi strabizmologije

Ova knjiga je zamišljena kao osnovna literatura namenjena studentima Tiflološkog smera predmeta Funkcionalna dijagnostika i rehabilitacija monokularnog i binokularnog vida (ranije Osnovi strabologije). Ljubaznost recenzenata usmerila je ovu knjigu i ka lekarima na specijalizaciji iz oftalmologije kao i opštim oftalmolozima kao podsetnik iz oblasti Strabizmologije. Pišući knjigu trudili smo se da na jednostavan i praktičan način predstavimo jednu složenu oftalmološku oblast prikazujući samo, kako i sam naslov kaže, osnove strabizmologije uz smernice ka literaturi u kojoj će čitalac naći potpunu informaciju. Literatura koju smo koristili se smatra bazičnom i krucijalnom u strabizmologiji. Knjiga je napisana u čast naših učitelja i kao znak zahvalnosti porodicama

Introduction of tall grasses in Serbia agricultural production and using biomass as alternative fuel

This research involved four perennial species belonging to the family of grasses (fam. Poaceae) characterized by intensive annual vegetative biomass growth and stalk height of above two meters. These are rush wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum), switch grass (Panicum virgatum), elephant grass (Arundo donax) and miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus). These species originate from a large geographical area and are well adapted to various agro-ecological conditions. They are suitable for growing on soils with low natural fertility, on which most cultivated plants fail. The produced biomass (fresh or dry) is used to obtain gaseous, liquid and solid biofuels. Owing to their high tolerance to soil conditions, they are increasingly used for phytoremediation of devastated surfaces in the process of recultivation. During the vegetation season, these species incorporate significant quantities of carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere. Production technology for these plants is simple and can be implemented using standard agricultural mechanization. Highest investments are required in the first year, when crops are established, with production costs significantly dropping in subsequent years. According to data from our own investigations, as well as results of other authors, costs for establishing crops amount to 4,000-4,500 EUR/ha, depending on the species. Biomass yields in the year of establishing are relatively low and do not cover production costs, but from the second or third year, high yields that justify the investment in growing these energy crops are realized. Depending on the species, as well as the maintaining of crops, established plants can be used for up to twenty years, which in the end fully justifies growing tall grasses for producing biofuels, but also for phytoremediation of devastated soils

The Effect of Using Natural or Biotic Dietary Supplements in Poultry Nutrition on the Effectiveness of Meat Production

The goal of the research was to investigate the effect of dietary natural or biotic additives such as garlic, black pepper, and chili pepper powder in poultry nutrition on sustainable and economic efficiency of this type of production. A total of eight dietary treatments with 1200 broiler chickens of hybrid line Hubbard were formed, with four replicates. During the experimental period, chickens were fed with three period mixtures diets of different average costs: Starter compound mixture two weeks (0.38 €/kg in all treatments), grower compound mixture next three weeks (0.36, 0.38, 0.40, 0.41, 0.46, 0.39, 0.42, and 0.39 €/kg, respectively), and finisher compound mixture for the final week (0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.39, 0.44, 0.37, 0.40, and 0.37 €/kg, respectively). The experiment lasted a total of 42 days. Upon finishing the experiment, results have shown statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences regarding the European broiler index (EBI) as one of the indicators of economic efficacy. The EBI was lowest in the control treatment (220.4) and significantly higher in experimental treatments (298.6), respectively. In cost, a calculation included the cost of feed and used natural or biotic supplements in chicken nutrition. The findings of the study of economic efficiency revealed that the cost per treatment rises depends on the natural additive used. Economic efficiency analysis showed that the most economical natural additive with the lowest cost is garlic (0.68 €/kg), while the most uneconomical is treatment with black pepper with the highest cost of body weight gain (0.82 €/kg). This higher cost of the gained meat is minimal as a consequence of a much healthier and more nutritious food meant for human use, which often promotes sustainable aspects, compared to conventional and industrialized poultry production