Model hodnotenia kvality dát katastra nehnuteľností a jeho súlad so smernicou INSPIRE =Data quality model of cadastral domain and its compliance with INSPIRE directive

LADM cadastral domain model (Land Administration Domain Model) notified in UML (Unified Modelling Language) and its standardization. The quality of spatial databases in accordance with the standards of the ISO1) 19100 series. Data quality model of cadastral domain in the Slovak Republic as extension of the cadastral domain model. Quality of cadastral data in the context of INSPIRE directiveModel katastrálnej domény LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) notifikovaný v jazyku UML (Unified Modelling Language) a jeho štandardizácia. Kvalita priestorových databáz v súlade s normami série ISO1) 19100. Model kvality dát katastra nehnuteľností (KN) v Slovenskej republike ako rozšírenie modelu katastrálnej domény. Kvalita dát KN v kontexte smernice INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe)11312

Effects of Terrain Parameters and Spatial Resolution of a Digital Elevation Model on the Calculation of Potential Solar Radiation in the Mountain Environment: A Case Study of the Tatra Mountains

Solar radiation significantly affects many processes on Earth. In situ measurements are demanding and require a dense network of sensors. A suitable alternative solution could be the modelling of potential solar radiation based on a digital elevation model (DEM) in geographic information systems. The key issue of this study is to determine the influence of the terrain parameters and the spatial resolution of a DEM on the calculation of potential solar radiation. The area of study is the Tatra Mountains (the highest mountains of the Carpathians). The DEM determined from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was used. To determine the influence of the terrain, the following terrain parameters were applied: slope; aspect, represented by northness and eastness; elevation; and topographical position index using six different circular neighbourhoods (10 m, 30 m, 50 m, 100 m, 500 m, and 1000 m). The results indicate a moderate correlation (0.32–0.46) between the solar radiation calculation errors and the absolute values of the topographic position indices with small neighbourhoods (10 m–100 m). To show the impact of the spatial resolution, the calculation was performed based on four different DEM resolutions, namely 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, and 90 m. Mutual differences in potential solar radiation were quantified concerning the topographic position index. The result is also a model of potential annual solar radiation in the Tatra Mountains, calculated at a resolution of 5 m or 2 m

Vyhľadávanie geodát v rámci infraštruktúry priestorových informácií =Geodata searching within the scope of the spatial data infrastructure

The basic principles and elements of the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) and geodata searching within its scope. The purpose is to inform the geodetic community as well as geodata users about the current possibilities for geodata searching. Approach to this theme from the view of ordinary geodata users and outline of possible problems of data searching. The current status of geodata searching does not stil fulfil users' requirements but the tendency of its development is favourable22923

A Point-Cloud Solar Radiation Tool

Current software solutions for solar-radiation modeling in 3D focus on the urban environment. Most of the published tools do not implement methods to consider complex objects, such as urban greenery in their models or they expect a rather complex 3D mesh to represent such objects. Their use in an environment that is difficult to represent geometrically, such as vegetation-covered areas, is rather limited. In this paper, we present a newly developed solar-radiation tool focused on solar-radiation modeling in areas with complex objects, such as vegetation. The tool uses voxel representations of space based on point-cloud data to calculate the illumination and ESRA solar-radiation model to estimate the direct, diffuse, and global irradiation in a specified time range. We demonstrate the capabilities of this tool on a forested mountain area of Suchá valley in the Hight Tatra mountains (Slovakia) and also in the urban environment of Castle Hill in Bratislava (Slovakia) with urban greenery. We compare the tool with the r.sun module of GRASS GIS and the Area Solar Radiation tool of ArcGIS using point-cloud data generated from the digital-terrain model of Kamenistá valley in High Tatra mountains in Slovakia. The results suggest a higher detail of the model in rugged terrain and comparable results on smooth surfaces when considering its purpose as a 3D modeling tool. The performance is tested using different hardware and input data. The processing times are less than 8 min, and 8 GB of memory is used with 4 to 16 core processors and point clouds larger than 100,000 points. The tool is, therefore, easily usable on common computers

Design and Implementation of the Geographical Information System of Zoo in Bratislava

Creating a Geographic Information System (GIS) is a complex, step-by-step process that involves requirements analysis, creating the system's architecture, data acquisition, and implementation. This project outlines the development of a user-friendly GIS, using Bratislava ZOO as a case study. The paper describes the process of creating a GIS from formulating tasks to full practical implementation. The result is a website with four geoinformation modules: engineering networks, infrastructure, visitor app, greenery, and a file library. This project can serve as a reference for similar spatial object management systems in parks and other areas

Development of a Web-Based Indoor Navigation System Using an Accelerometer and Gyroscope: A Case Study at The Faculty of Natural Sciences of Comenius University

As a complex of buildings, the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Comenius University in Bratislava tends to be difficult to navigate in spite of its size. An indoor navigation application could potentially save a lot of time and frustration. There are currently numerous technologies used in indoor navigation systems. Some of them focus on a high degree of precision and require significant financial investment; others provide only static information about a current location. In this paper we focused on the determination of an approximate location using inertial measurement systems available on most smartphones, i.e., a gyroscope and an accelerometer. The actual position of the device was calculated using “a walk detection method” based on a delayed lack of motion. We have developed an indoor navigation application that relies solely on open source JavaScript libraries to visualize the interior of the building and calculate the shortest path utilizing Dijsktra’s routing algorithm. The application logic is located on the client side, so the software is able to work offline. Our solution represents an accessible lowcost and platform-independent web application that can significantly improve navigation at the Faculty of Natural Sciences. Although our application has been developed on a specific building complex, it could be used in other interiors as well

Fuzzy Similarity and Fuzzy Inclusion Measures in Polyline Matching: A Case Study of Potential Streams Identification for Archaeological Modelling in GIS

When combining spatial data from various sources, it is often important to determine similarity or identity of spatial objects. Besides the differences in geometry, representations of spatial objects are inevitably more or less uncertain. Fuzzy set theory can be used to address both modelling of the spatial objects uncertainty and determining the identity, similarity, and inclusion of two sets as fuzzy identity, fuzzy similarity, and fuzzy inclusion. In this paper, we propose to use fuzzy measures to determine the similarity or identity of two uncertain spatial object representations in geographic information systems. Labelling the spatial objects by the degree of their similarity or inclusion measure makes the process of their identification more efficient. It reduces the need for a manual control. This leads to a more simple process of spatial datasets update from external data sources. We use this approach to get an accurate and correct representation of historical streams, which is derived from contemporary digital elevation model, i.e. we identify the segments that are similar to the streams depicted on historical maps

Multikriteriálne rozhodovanie pomocou fuzzy množín v prostredí GIS a jeho využitie v archeologickej predikcii =Multicriteria Decision Making Using Fuzzy Sets in GIS Environment and Its Application in the Archaeological Prediction

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Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms for Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Bark Beetle Infestation

Machine learning algorithms (MLAs) are used to solve complex non-linear and high-dimensional problems. The objective of this study was to identify the MLA that generates an accurate spatial distribution model of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestation spots. We first evaluated the performance of 2 linear (logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis), 4 non-linear (quadratic discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbors classifier, Gaussian naive Bayes, support vector classification), and 4 decision trees-based MLAs (decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, extra trees classifier, gradient boosting classifier) for the study area (the Horní Planá region, Czech Republic) for the period 2003–2012. Each MLA was trained and tested on all subsets of the 8 explanatory variables (distance to forest damage spots from previous year, distance to spruce forest edge, potential global solar radiation, normalized difference vegetation index, spruce forest age, percentage of spruce, volume of spruce wood per hectare, stocking). The mean phi coefficient of the model generated by extra trees classifier (ETC) MLA with five explanatory variables for the period was significantly greater than that of most forest damage models generated by the other MLAs. The mean true positive rate of the best ETC-based model was 80.4%, and the mean true negative rate was 80.0%. The spatio-temporal simulations of bark beetle-infested forests based on MLAs and GIS tools will facilitate the development and testing of novel forest management strategies for preventing forest damage in general and bark beetle outbreaks in particular