Ecthyma gangrenosum in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Introduction. Ecthyma gangrenosum is a rare disease of the skin that causes the localized necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous fat tissue, leading to the multiple ulcerations surrounded by local hyperaemia. The ulcerations are usually localized in groins, and perianal area. In the majority of cases ecthyma is caused by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. The disease usually appears in immunocompromized, most frequently hematological patients. Case report. We presented a 78-year-old woman who had been treated for non-Hodgkin lymphoma for the last 18 years. She had recently been given cytotoxics which led to neutropenia. The patient suddenly developed high fever, chill and diarrhea, followed by ecthyma gangrenosum cutaneous lesions in groins, axillas, right side of the neck and umbilicus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis, that were sensitive to several antibiotics were isolated. The treatment included rehydratation, antibiotics, surgical debridement and regular dressing with antiseptics. The healing of all lesions was achieved after sixteen weeks of the treatment. Conclusion. If haemorrhagic- necrotic lesions of the skin are developed in immunocompromised, usually haematologic patients, an Ecthyma gangrenosum has to be considered immediately, material for identification of a cause has to be taken, followed by immediate administration of antibiotics effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surgical debridement and other therapeutic modalities are to be considered in some patients.

Expression of TENASCIN-C in the Subplate Zone of the Medial Telencephalic Wall During Prenatal Development of the Human Brain

Ovaj rad opisuje izražaj proteoglikana tenascina-C (TN-C) u prolaznom sloju pod kortikalnom ploĉom (eng. subplate zone, SP) u razdoblju od 12. do 40. tjedna gestacije (t.g.) primjenom indirektne imunohistokemijske metode na postmortalnom moždanom tkivu. TN-C eksprimiran je u dubinskom podsloju SP-a poĉevši od 16. t.g. pa sve do 40. t.g., dok u površinskom dijelu SP-a nije zamijećena ekspresija. Osim u SP-u njegov izražaj vidljiv je u intermedijarnoj zoni (IZ-u) i u kortikalnoj ploĉi (CP-u). U sve tri embrionalne zone vidljive su razlike izmeĊu frontalne, centralne i parijetalne regije telencefalona. Prva ekspresija zabilježena je u IZ-u u 12. t.g., a potom u SP-u i CP-u u 16. t.g. Frontalno u SP-u izražaj postepeno slabi do 20. t.g., nakon ĉega je sporadiĉno vrlo slabo vidljiv ili nije zamjetan. U 25. t.g. izražaj se ponovno javlja te ostaje slabim do kraja gestacije. Centralno je izražaj slab tijekom ranog i srednjeg fetalnog razdoblja, a u kasnom postaje umjerena intenziteta te se tako zadržava do kraja gestacije. Parijetalno se izražaj javlja tek sredinom srednjeg fetalnog razdoblja, a već u kasnom opet nestaje. Izražaj tenascina-C nije moguće povezati s urastanjem aferenata iz talamusa i bazalnog telencefalona. Moguća uloga mu je u autokrinom poticanju sazrijevanja i proliferacije astrocita i/ili oligodendrocita te usmjeravanju rasta aksona subplate neurona koji projiciraju u corpus callosum.The aim of this study was to describe the expression of the glycoprotein tenascin-C (TN-C) in the subplate zone (SP), in the period between gestation weeks (GW) 12 and 40, using the indirect immunohistochemistry method on postmortal brain tissue. The expression of TN-C starts in GW 16 in the deep SP and lasts up to GW 40. Its expression was not detected in the superficial portion of the SP. Apart from the SP, its expression is visible in the intermediate zone (IZ) and the cortical plate (CP). All three of the aforementioned zones show a fronto-occipital variation in TN-C expression. In GW 12 its expression was seen only in the IZ, and afterwards in all three zones in GW 16. In the frontal lobe TNC expression weakened by GW 20, and was either seen faintly, appearing sporadically, or was not detectable at all. It becomes clearly visible again in GW 25 and remains of weak intensity until the end of the gestation period. In central regions the expression is weak during the early and mid-fetal periods, but becomes moderate during the final period and is sustained until the end of gestation. Parietally the expression appears in the middle of the mid-fetal period and disappears by the late fetal period. The expression of TN-C did not correlate to the ingrowth of afferents from the thalamus and the basal forebrain. Its possible roles include autocrine stimulation of astrocyte and/or oligodendrocyte differentiation and proliferation, and axon guidance for subplate neurons projecting to the corpus callosum

Invertebrate photoreceptor development

Ovaj seminar bavi se osnovama građe očiju beskralješnjaka te njihovim evolucijskim razvojem. Različiti tipovi oka u životinjskom svijetu razvili su se više puta tijekom evolucije, a njihova sličnost među različitim koljenima dobar je primjer konvergentne evolucije. U jednostaničnih organizama nalazimo fotoreceptore u obliku očnih pjega, ekvivalentnih pigmentnim pjegama primitivnih višestaničnih organizama. Pigmentne pjege se tijekom evolucije produbljuju u čašice i razvijaju dodatne strukture sa svrhom usavršavanja vida, povećavajući preciznost, oštrinu i lom svjetlosti. Istovremeno se događa i razvoj dijela živčanog sustava zaduženog za obrađivanje podataka koje šalje oko. U člankonožaca se razvijaju i usavršavaju složene oči sastavljene od mnogo omatidija, dok se u glavonožaca, kralješnjaka te u nekih žarnjaka razvijaju jednostavne oči kompleksne građe. Možemo zaključiti da složenost građe očiju odražava okolinu i način života pojedinog organizma.This paper deals with the basic builds of invertebrate eyes and their evolutionary development. Different types of animal eyes developed multiple times over evolution's course, their similarity among various phyla serving as a good example of convergent evolution. In single-cell organisms, photoreceptors most commonly take the form of eye spots, corresponding to pigment spots in primitive multicellular organisms. Over the course of evolution, pigment spots deepen into pigment cups, acquiring additional elements with the purpose of enhancing vision by increasing precision, acuity and refraction of light. The nervous system grows simultaneously in order to process information from the eye. Arthropods evolve multi-faceted compound eyes, while cephalopods, vertebrates and some cnidarians evolve simple eyes of complex build. We can conclude that the complexity of eyes reflects the environment and mode of existence of various organisms

Diffuse osteolytic lesions in leukemic transformation of myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by splenomegaly, abnormal deposition of reticulin and collagen in the bone marrow, extramedullary hematopoiesis, dacryocytosis and leukoerythroblastic blood smear. Development and sustainment of fibrosis are mediated by complex network of several cytokines. Osteosclerosis is the most frequently observed bone change in myelofibrosis. We present an atypical case of leukemic transformation in myelofibrosis associated with diffuse osteolytic lesions and extremely elevated lactate dehydrogenase in serum, which indicates high bone turnover during leukemic infiltration and bone destruction

OSIGURANJE OD LEKARSKE ODGOVORNOSTI

Medical liability insurance or medical errors is one of the forms of professional liability insurance. Proper regulation of this type of insurance is useful for physicians and for patients, ie, persons who are providing medical services. In Republic of Srbia medical liability insurance is not regulated. Some insurance companies offer this type of insurance. In other countries there are various forms of this type of insurance, as well as extensive experience in this field. This also applies to the some countries in our neighborhood, such as Slovenia and Croatia. Analysis of this type of insurance in the world shows that effective medical liability insurance depends on effective health care. Medical liability insurance or errors must have a special place in the insurance market in the Republic of Serbia and it must be legally regulated in the act regulating the health field. Also, special conditions must be defined for this form of insurance that would have its basis in the general conditions of insurance. For the effective functioning of the medical liability insurance, insurance companies must, in the conditions of insurance, to determine relation between the premium and the sum of insured, on the one side, and the type and the complexity of medical intervention, on the other side.Osiguranje od lekarske odgovornosti ili lekarske greške jedan je od oblika osiguranja od profesionalne odgovornosti. Pravilno regulisanje ovog oblika osiguranja je korisno i za lekare, kao i za pacijente, odnosno, lica kojima se pruža lekarska usluga ili se nad njima vrši lekarska intervencija. U Srbiji, još nije regulisano osiguranje od lekarske odgovornosti. Pojedina osiguravjuća društva nude ovu vrstu osiguranja. U drugim zemljama postoje razne forme ovog oblika osiguranja, kao i veliko iskustvo u ovoj oblasti. To se odnosi i na pojedine zemlje u našem susedstvu, kao što su Slovenija i Hrvatska. Analiza ove vrste osiguranja u svetu pokazuje da efikasno osiguranje od lekarske odgovornosti zavisi i od efikasnog zdravstvenog osiguranja. Da bi osiguranje od lekarske odgovornosti ili greške imalo svoje posebno mesto na tržištu osiguranja u Republici Srbiji, ono mora, pre svega, da bude zakonski regulisano i to u zakonskom aktu koji reguliše zdravstvenu delatnost. Isto tako, moraju biti definisani posebni uslovi za ovaj oblik osiguranja koji bi imali svoj osnov u opštim uslovima o osiguranju od odgovornosti. Za pravilno funkcionisanje osiguranja od lekarske odgovornosti trebalo bi pravilno odrediti odnos premija i sume osiguranja, sa jedne strane, i vrste i složenosti lekarske intervencije, sa druge strane

ODSTUPANJA OD REDOVNE PRIMENE KOLIZIONIH NORMI («KOREKCIJE» KOLIZIONIH NORMI) – POTREBA ZA DRUGAČIJIM STAVOM

The application of the choice of law rules depends on the consequences that it produces, as well as ways of applying these rules. Namely, there are situations when it is impossible to apply general rules about the choice of law rules. These are the situations related to the injury of domestic public order by applicable law, then the perception on the implementation of applicable law, as well as the fraud treatment in applying these norms. Of course, also, we have the problem with implementation of the choice of law rules in the changed circumstances. In all these situations it is a deviation from the regular application of the choice of law rules. Some authors classify the deviation in the institute “correcting of the choice of law rules” with which we could not agree, because it is different consequences of deviation, as well as the fact that only in one case we have the correcting of the choice of law rules. The application of the choice of law rules in such situations is very complex and that defines, also, the Act of Private International Law, whose provisions, relating to the above discrepancies, mostly on vague or incomplete way of regulating this matter. This paper analyzes the point of the theory and national legislation in this topic. In addition, the paper gives suggestions for future regulation of this area, which should contribute to the different attitude towards the implementation and the status of the choice of law rules in these cases.Primena kolizione norme zavisi od posledica koje ona proizvodi, kao i od načina primene te norme. Naime, postoje situacije kada je nemoguće primeniti opšta pravila o kolizionoj normi. To su situacije vezane za povredu domaćeg javnog poretka od strane merodavnog prava, zatim za shvatanje o primeni merodavnog prava, kao i za prevarno postupanje kod primene navedene norme. Naravno, problem postoji i kod primene kolizione norme u promenjenim okolnostima. U svim navedenim situacijama radi se o odstupanjima od redovne primene kolizione norme. Pojedini autori ta odstupanja svrstavaju zajedno u institut korekcija kolizionih normi, sa čime se ne bi mogli složiti, obzirom da se radi o različitim posledicama odstupanja, kao i o činjenici da se, samo, u jednom slučaju radi o korekciji same kolizione norme. Da je primena kolizione norme u ovakvim situacijama veoma složena govori i Zakon o rešavanju sukoba zakona sa propisima drugih zemalja, čije odredbe, koje se odnose na navedena odstupanja, uglavnom, na nejasan ili nekompletan način regulišu ovu materiju. Ovaj rad analizira stav teorije i zakonodavstva prema navedenom. Osim toga, u radu se daju predlozi za buduće regulisanje ove oblasti, čemu treba da doprinese i drugačiji stav prema primeni i status kolizione norme u navedenim slučajevima

INSTITUT COMITY U MEĐUNARODNOM STEČAJU (sa posebnim osvrtom na pravo SAD)

Institut comity, koji ima svoj izvor u učenju o comitas gentium, nastalom u holandskoj školi Međunarodnog privatnog prava, ublažava načelo teritorijalnosti i označava međunarodnu učtivost koja se navodi kao jedan od razloga za primenu stranog prava i priznanje stranih odluka. Institut comity ima svoje naročito mesto i u stečajnom zakonodavstvu SAD, odnosno, u oblasti međunarodnog stečaja. Naime, ovaj institut se i navodi kao jedan od uslova za priznanje stranih stečajnih odluka. U izmenama stečajnog zakonodavstva SAD iz 2005.godine, institut comity nalazi svoje mesto i u odredbama koje daju velika ovlašćenja američkim sudovima u pružanju pomoći prilikom priznanja stečajnih postupaka pokrenutih u inostranstvu. Ovaj rad analizira ne samo prisustvo i značaj instituta comity u pravu SAD , već se osvrće i na doprinos tog instituta u međunarodnim izvorima kao što su Model zakon o prekograničnoj insolventosti i Uredba br. 1346/2000 o insolventnim postupcima. Ova dva izvora su izvršila veliki uticaj na mnoga nacionalna stečajna zakonodavstva koja su prihvatila ista ili slična rešenja u ovoj oblasti. Institut comity se primenjuje zajedno sa drugim teorijama koje omogućavaju dejstvo strane stečajne odluke na teritoriji druge zemlje. Taj institut je omogućio da se ostvari princip jedinstva stečajne mase u oblasti međunarodnog stečaja.Institut comity, koji ima svoj izvor u učenju o comitas gentium, nastalom u holandskoj školi Međunarodnog privatnog prava, ublažava načelo teritorijalnosti i označava međunarodnu učtivost koja se navodi kao jedan od razloga za primenu stranog prava i priznanje stranih odluka. Institut comity ima svoje naročito mesto i u stečajnom zakonodavstvu SAD, odnosno, u oblasti međunarodnog stečaja. Naime, ovaj institut se i navodi kao jedan od uslova za priznanje stranih stečajnih odluka. U izmenama stečajnog zakonodavstva SAD iz 2005.godine, institut comity nalazi svoje mesto i u odredbama koje daju velika ovlašćenja američkim sudovima u pružanju pomoći prilikom priznanja stečajnih postupaka pokrenutih u inostranstvu. Ovaj rad analizira ne samo prisustvo i značaj instituta comity u pravu SAD , već se osvrće i na doprinos tog instituta u međunarodnim izvorima kao što su Model zakon o prekograničnoj insolventosti i Uredba br. 1346/2000 o insolventnim postupcima. Ova dva izvora su izvršila veliki uticaj na mnoga nacionalna stečajna zakonodavstva koja su prihvatila ista ili slična rešenja u ovoj oblasti. Institut comity se primenjuje zajedno sa drugim teorijama koje omogućavaju dejstvo strane stečajne odluke na teritoriji druge zemlje. Taj institut je omogućio da se ostvari princip jedinstva stečajne mase u oblasti međunarodnog stečaja

ENCIKLOPEDIJSKI REČNIK MEĐUNARODNOG PRAVA I MEĐUNARODNIH ODNOSA

Prof.dr Boris KrivokapićENCIKLOPEDIJSKI REČNIK MEĐUNARODNOGPRAVA I MEĐUNARODNIH ODNOSASlužbeni glasnik, Beograd, 2010.Prof.dr Boris KrivokapićENCIKLOPEDIJSKI REČNIK MEĐUNARODNOGPRAVA I MEĐUNARODNIH ODNOSASlužbeni glasnik, Beograd, 2010

REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

Individual city and regional authorities in many countries have themselves taken up the issue of “competitiveness” as part of their own economic development agendas: competitiveness has come to be regarded as critical for understanding and promoting local economic performance. Like their national counterparts, regional and city policy-makers have become preoccupied with knowing the relative competitive standing of their local economies compared with others, not just other regions and cities within their own national jurisdiction, but with areas elsewhere across the globe. Devising local strategies to improve the competitiveness of their locality is now regarded as a primary task by many regional and city policy-makers