The evolutionary approach to understand human low fertility phenomenon

Is it possible to reverse the low total fertility rate (TFR) in the developed world? Using a hypothetical model of population we have analysed the decline of the TFR which have took place in the background of ongoing global economic changes, and a liberalization process after the end of the Cold War. These phenomena have affected more than 110 millions of inhabitants of Central Europe and the Baltics and approximately 80 millions of inhabitants in Germany. The model has features of complex and evolving system of interacting individuals, and it enables to investigate a broad spectrum of input factors on individual decisions to limit the offspring. In the case of the TFR <1.5, our initial analysis show a need of radical changes of the global economy that will stimulate series of self-regulations of demographic processes and evolution toward the safe TFR>2.1. The changes should stimulate more uniform spatial distribution of wealth, capital and usage. They will increase a number of self-sufficient and cooperative territories, to decrease the income inequality, to decrease labour and social mobilities. Societies should investigate the impacts of economic regulations and actions on the TFR trends in advance and take into account a biological nature of women more responsible

Abelian deterministic self organized criticality model: Complex dynamics of avalanche waves

The aim of this study is to investigate a wave dynamics and size scaling of avalanches which were created by the mathematical model {[}J. \v{C}ern\'ak Phys. Rev. E \textbf{65}, 046141 (2002)]. Numerical simulations were carried out on a two dimensional lattice $L\times L$ in which two constant thresholds $E_{c}^{I}=4$ and $E_{c}^{II}>E_{c}^{I}$ were randomly distributed. A density of sites $c$ with the threshold $E_{c}^{II}$ and threshold $E_{c}^{II}$ are parameters of the model. I have determined autocorrelations of avalanche size waves, Hurst exponents, avalanche structures and avalanche size moments for several densities $c$ and thresholds $E_{c}^{II}$. I found correlated avalanche size waves and multifractal scaling of avalanche sizes not only for specific conditions, densities $c=0.0$, 1.0 and thresholds $8\leq E_{c}^{II}\leq32$, in which relaxation rules were precisely balanced, but also for more general conditions, densities $0.0<c<1.0$ and thresholds $8\leq E_{c}^{II}\leq3 in which relaxation rules were unbalanced. The results suggest that the hypothesis of a precise relaxation balance could be a specific case of a more general rule

Aggregation of magnetic holes in a rotating magnetic field

We have experimentally investigated field induced aggregation of nonmagnetic particles confined in a magnetic fluid layer when rotating magnetic fields were applied. After application of a magnetic field rotating in the plane of the fluid layer, the single particles start to form two-dimensional (2D) clusters, like doublets, triangels, and more complex structures. These clusters aggregated again and again to form bigger clusters. During this nonequilibrium process, a broad range of cluster sizes was formed, and the scaling exponents, $z$ and $z'$, of the number of clusters $N(t)\sim t^{z'}$and average cluster size $S(t)\sim t^{z}$ were calculated. The process could be characterized as diffusion limited cluster-cluster aggregation. We have found that all sizes of clusters that occured during an experiment, fall on a single curve as the dynamic scaling theory predicts. Hovewer, the characteristic scaling exponents $z',\: z$ and crossover exponents $\Delta$ were not universal. A particle tracking method was used to find the dependence of the diffusion coefficients $D_{s}$ on cluster size $s$. The cluster motions show features of \textit{\emph{Brownian}} motion. The average diffusion coefficients $$ depend on the cluster sizes $s$ as a power law $\propto s^{\gamma}$ where values of $\gamma$ as different as $\gamma=-0.62\pm0.19$ and $\gamma=-2.08\pm0. were found in two of the experiments

Visualization of Cell Image Data

Tato práce se zabývá extrakcí dat ze snímků buněčných preparátů a jejich vizualizací. Snímky jsou zpracované fluorescenční metodou FISH. Práce obsahuje teoretický podklad pro vypracování systému pro podporu automatizace určení diagnózy Turnerova syndromu, diskutuje o možnostech předzpracování a segmentace snímků, následné extrakce vektoru příznaků a vizualizace extrahovaných dat.This thesis deals with extraction of data from cell images and their visualisation. Cell images are processed by FISH method. It discusses theory of diagnosis evaluation automation and cell features visualization. That concerns image processing, cell nuclei segmentation, feature extraction and data visualization.

3D Reconstruction of Human Body Motion (MOCAP)

Tato práce řeší rozpoznávaní značek v obrazu, zachytávání pohybu a jeho následné převedení do 3D souřadnic a 3D rekonstrukci. Zvolený problém byl vyřešen sestavením stereo kamerového systému, detekci značek na pohybujícím se objektu a získáním polohy objektu v prostoru pomocí triangulace. V práci se podařilo dosáhnout úspěšnosti detekce značek na objektu  95% na blízkou vzdálenost a rekonstrukce pohybu do určité míry odpovídá skutečnosti. Hlavním zjištěním této práce je, že pomocí dvou obyčejných webových kamer je možné zrekonstruovat pohyby těla.This thesis deals with object recognition in image, motion capturing and his transformation into 3D coordination system and 3D reconstruction. The problem was solved by building stereo camera system, detection of markers on a moving object and getting his position in space using triangulation. Hit rate of 95%  was achieved in marker detection at close range and accuracy of 3D reconstruction answers to reality at certain extend. The main finding of this work is that it is possible to reconstruct body motions with a pair of simple web cameras.

Mesh Generating Plugin for Blender

Tato práce se zabývá automatizovaným generováním modelů stromů v prostředí open-source 3D modelovacího a animačního nástroje Blender. Program byl vytvořen v rozhraní pro programování aplikací Blenderu v jazyce Python. Práce rozebírá nejběžnější techniky generování rostlin a stromů a postup, který byl použit v programu.This work describes automatic generation of trees in open-source 3D graphics application Blender. It also concerns different techniques for generating plants and method.

Magnetoresistance of composites based on graphitic discs and cones

We have studied the magnetotransport of conical and disc-shaped nanocarbon particles in magnetic fields |B| ≤ 9 T at temperatures 2 ≤ T ≤ 300 K to characterize electron scattering in a three-dimensional (3D) disordered material of multilayered quasi 2D and 3D carbon nanoparticles. The microstructure of the particles was modified by graphitization at temperatures of 1600 and 2700 °C. We find clear correlations between the microstructure as seen in transmission electron microscopy and the magnetotransport properties of the particles. The magnetoresistance measurements showed a metallic nature of samples and positive magnetoconductance which is a signature of weak localization in disordered systems. We find that the magnetoconductance at low temperatures resembles quantum transport in single-layer graphene despite the fact that the samples are macroscopic and 3D, consisting of stacked and layered particles, which are randomly oriented in the bulk sample. This graphene-like behaviour is attributed to the very weak interlayer coupling between the graphene layers

catena-Poly[[bis­(N-ethyl­ethylene­di­amine-κ2 N,N′)copper(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2 N:C-[dicyanido-κ2 C-palladium(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2 C:N]

The title compound, [CuPd(CN)4(C4H12N2)2]n, consists of one-dimensional chains. The Cu and Pd atoms are both located on centers of symmetry in an alternating array of [Cu(N-Eten)2]2+ (N-Eten = N-ethyl­ethylenediamine) and [Pd(CN)4]2− units. The Pd—C distances of 1.991 (3) and 1.992 (3) Å are inter­mediate values compared with the analogous NiII and PtII complexes [Akitsu & Einaga (2007 ▶). Inorg. Chim. Acta, 360, 497–505]. Due to Jahn–Teller effects, the axial Cu—N bond distance of 2.548 (2) Å is noticeably longer than the equatorial distances [Cu—NH2 = 2.007 (2) and Cu—NHC2H5 = 2.050 (2) Å]. There are interchain hybrogen bonds, with N(—H)⋯N = 3.099(4) Å