Effect of irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L.)

In order to study the effect of different irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. Alek and Kupusinski jabučar), a field experiment was conducted on the calcareous chernozem soil in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad in Serbia during 2005, 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design and adapted to conditions of sprinkling irrigation. Three irrigation treatments according to available soil water depletion (Т1 30, Т2 50 and Т3 70%) and a rainfed treatment (Т0) were included. Results showed that onion yield was significantly affected by irrigation. The highest onion bulb yields of 30.22 and 34.99 t ha-1 were obtained from treatment T1 and Т3, respectively, in 2005. However, the highest onion bulb yields of 38.46 and 40.07 t ha-1 were obtained from T2 and Т3 treatment in 2006 and 40.96 t ha-1 from T1 treatment in 2007, respectively. The lowest yield of 10.10 t ha-1 was obtained from T0 treatment in 2007 with limited precipitation and higher than average seasonal temperatures. The seasonal evapotranspiration values of irrigated (ETirr) and non irrigated (ETO) onions ranged from 435.6 to 542.9mm and 290.2 to 393.9 mm, respectively. The highest and lowest water use efficiency (WUE) of 91.35 kg and 34.80 kg ha-1 mm-1 was obtained in irrigation and rainfed conditions in 2007, respectively. The highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of 280.54 kg ha-1 mm-1 was obtained from Т1 treatment in 2007, while the lowest value of 45.83 kg ha-1 mm-1 was obtained from T1 treatment during the rainy period of 2005. High yields of bulbs produced from treatments Т1, Т2 and Т3 in different years indicated that amount and distribution of precipitation seriously affected the soil water regime and irrigation schedule of onion in the region. Therefore, irrigation schedule of onion has to be adjusted to climatic conditions of each year, mostly to amount and distribution of precipitation.Keywords: Onion yield, irrigation scheduling, evapotranspiration, water use efficienc

Effect of irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L.)

In order to study the effect of different irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. Alek and Kupusinski jabucar), a field experiment was conducted on the calcareous chernozem soil in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad in Serbia during 2005, 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design and adapted to conditions of sprinkling irrigation. Three irrigation treatments according to available soil water depletion (T-1 30, T 2 50 and T-3 70%) and a rainfed treatment (T-0) were included. Results showed that onion yield was significantly affected by irrigation. The highest onion bulb yields of 30.22 and 34.99 t ha(-1) were obtained from treatment T-1 and T-3, respectively, in 2005. However, the highest onion bulb yields of 38.46 and 40.07 t ha(-1) were obtained from T-2 and T-3 treatment in 2006 and 40.96 t ha(-1) from T-1 treatment in 2007, respectively. The lowest yield of 10.10 t ha(-1) was obtained from T-0 treatment in 2007 with limited precipitation and higher than average seasonal temperatures. The seasonal evapotranspiration values of irrigated (ETirr) and non irrigated (ETO) onions ranged from 435.6 to 542.9 mm and 290.2 to 393.9 mm, respectively. The highest and lowest water use efficiency (WUE) of 91.35 kg and 34.80 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) was obtained in irrigation and rainfed conditions in 2007, respectively. The highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of 280.54 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) was obtained from T-1 treatment in 2007, while the lowest value of 45.83 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) was obtained from T-1 treatment during the rainy period of 2005. High yields of bulbs produced from treatments T-1, T-2 and T-3 in different years indicated that amount and distribution of precipitation seriously affected the soil water regime and irrigation schedule of onion in the region. Therefore, irrigation schedule of onion has to be adjusted to climatic conditions of each year, mostly to amount and distribution of precipitation

Potencijal za korišćenje jednogodišnjih leguminoza u ishrani životinja

Pea and common vetch have been successfully grown for green forage and forage dry matter production, with yields higher than 30 t ha-1 of green forage and 7 t ha-1 of forage dry matter. Pea and faba bean have the greatest potential as feed annual legumes, with more than 5,000 kg ha-1 and harvest indexes of nearly 0.50. When cut in the stages of full flowering and first pods forming, the average crude protein content of forage dry matter in most annual legumes ranges about 200 g kg-1. Although most modern cultivars of pea contain between 250 and 270 g kg-1 of crude proteins of grain dry matter, they are characterized by a rather low content of antinutritive factors. Forage dry matter of annual legumes may be regarded as rich in lysine, with 13.9 g kg-1 in hairy vetch and 12.7 g kg-1 in common vetch. It is notable that Narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) is rather rich in lysine, with average values of more than 20 g kg--1, closely followed by grass pea, with average values of nearly 20 g kg--1. Common vetch, Narbonne vetch and pea have higher content of methionine in comparison to other annual legumes such as grass pea and lentil.Grašak i grahorica se uspešno gaje u proizvodnji kao zelenog krmova i suve materije krmiva, i ostvaruju prinose veće od 30 t ha-1 zelenog krmiva i 7 t ha- 1 suve materije krmiva. Gršak i bob imaju najveći potencijal kao stočne jednogodišnje leguminoze, sa više od 5,000 kg ha-1 I indeks žetve od približno 0.50. Ako se kosi u stadijumu punog cvetanja i formiranja prvih mahuna, prosečan sadržaj sirovog proteina u suvoj materiji krmiva kod većine jednogodišnjih leguminoza je oko 200 g kg-1. Iako većina savremenih sorti graška sadrži između 250 i 270 g kg-1 sirovih proteina u suvoj materiji zrna, karakteriše ih dosta nizak sadržaj anti-nutritivnih faktora. Suva materija jednogodišnjih leguminoza se smatra bogatom lizinom, sa 13.9 g kg-1 kod maljave grahorice i 12.7 g kg-1 kod grahorice. Narbonne grahorica (Vicia narbonensis L.) je takođe bogata lizinom, sa prosečnim vrednostima većim od 20 g kg-1, zatim sastrica, sa prosečnim vrednostima od skoro 20 g kg--1. Grahorica, Narbonne grahorica i grašak imaju veći sadržaj metionina u poređenju sa ostalim jednogodišnjim leguminozama kao što su sastrica i sočivo

THE DYNAMICS OF CAROTINOIDES AND FREE AMINO ACIDS BY DIFFERENT OF LEAVES IN DEPENDENCE OF THE NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORN PLANTS

From the rezults obtained the following conclusions can be drawen: Content of carotinoides in individual leves was variabile, the highest was in the middle leaves then in the lower, and least in the upper. With regard to the dynamics, the highest content of carotinoides was observed before silking, whick agrees with the sevent stage of the organogenezis of the ear. The content of carotinoides agrees with that of chlorophyll, both in dynamics and with regard to the content of individual groups of leaves. The content of carotinoides decreases with the density of crops. Content of the amino acids was the highest in the middle and lower leaves, and the to lowest in the upper leaves. The maximum content of free aminoacids was observed on 20 June. Content of aspartic and glutamic acids, as well as alanine, predominated over all other amino acids

Possibilities for utilization of spring vetch for grain

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L) grain contains a high level of crude proteins but have limited utilisation because of high portion of γ-glutamyl-β cyanoalanine and vicine. Various breeding progammes on reducing the toxins resulted in cultivars such as Australian Morava. A small-plot trial (2000-2002) was aimed at the breeding value of spring vetch accessions for grain yields. Thanks to a uniform stand, the Serbian cultivars Beograd and Novi Beograd had the highest grain yield (1225 and 1248 kg ha-1). The highest level of crude proteins was in the French Topaze (3.29 g kg-1 DM) and Novi Beograd (3.21 g kg-1 DM)

Uticaj veličine vegetacionog prostora na prinos semena trava

This paper surveys sowing norms (row spacing and seed rate) in both our country and the world, as well as the optimal seed rates in grass seed production. It gives a short overview of row spacings and seed rates applied in our and some other countries. Earlier, grass cultivated for the purpose of seed production was grown on small vegetation area. According to some researches, high seed yields can be achieved by cultivating grass on large vegetation area. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the highest cocksfoot, timothy, meadow fescue, tall fescue seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 50 cm spaced rows employing lower seed rates (8 and 4 kg/ha of seeds). The highest Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 20 kg/ha of seeds.U radu je dat pregled setvenih normativa, načina setve i količine semena, u našoj zemlji i u svetu, najoptimalnije količine semena pri setvi u proizvodnji semena trava. Takođe je dat kratak osvrt na način i gustinu setve koji se primenjuje u našoj zemlji i nekim zemljama sveta. U ranijem periodu su se biljke za proizvodnju semena gajile na manjem vegetacionom prostoru. Međutim, istraživanja ukazuju da se visoki prinosi semena trava mogu postići pri gajenju biljaka na većem vegetacionom prostoru. Na osnovu provedenih istraživanja o uticaju načina i gustine setve na prinos semena trava moguće je zaključiti da se visok prinos semena ježevice, mačijeg repa livadskog vijuka, visokog vijuka postiže setvom semenskog useva na 50 cm i primenom nižih doza semena (od 8 do 4 kg/ha). Visok prinos semena italijanskog i engleskog ljulja se postiže setvom na međuredno rastojanje od 20 cm između redova i primenom 20 kg/ha semena

Evaluation of forage yields in the urban populations of three Vicia species

The Annual Forage Legumes Collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad is constantly enriched with the wild populations of large-flowered vetch (Vicia grandiflora Scop.), narrow-leafed vetch (Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). A small-plot trial was carried out from the autumn 2005 to the summer 2007 at the Experiment Field of the Institute at Rimski Šančevi, which included seven urban populations of large-flowered vetch, seven of narrow-leafed vetch and seven of hairy vetch. The average yields varied from 13.7 t ha-1 of green for- age and 4.1 t ha-1 of forage dry matter in the narrow-leafed vetch VN 03 to 50.9 t ha-1 of green forage and 11.7 t ha-1 of forage dry matter in the hairy vetch VV 06

Agronomic Characteristics of Novi Sad Winter Vetch Cultivars

Genus Vicia. contains important annual food and forage species such as field bean, V. faba., narbon vetch, V. narbonensis, and common vetch, V. sativa (Maxted, 1995), while Hungarian V. pannonica Crantz and hairy vetch V. villosa also play an important role in the Balkans. Winter vetches are excellent forage catch crops useful for sustainable agriculture and organic farming (Ċupina et al., 2004). Our study was aimed at determining the agronomic characteristics of the winter vetch cultivars developed in Novi Sad, assessing thus their ability for successful growing in the prevailing conditions of Serbia and Montenegro

Uvođenje novih gajenih mahunarki u Srbiji - bela lupina (Lupinus albus)

The renewed interest in introducing white lupin in Serbia is its high crude protein content in grain dry matter of nearly 400 g kg-1, which makes it a potential supplement for soybean meal in animal feeding. The only collection of white and other lupins in Serbia is maintained at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, with about 200 accessions of 10 species, containing about 70 accessions of white lupin. The accessions with high tolerance to alkaline soil reaction of about pH=8 in a carbonated chernozem in Novi Sad regularly formed two orders of pods and grains and produced grain yields of more than 5 t ha-1, 45 t ha-1 of green forage and 8 t ha-1 of forage dry matter. The first Serbian white lupin breeding programme carried out at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has resulted in developing cultivars Vesna and Panorama, registered in 2008.Razlog za obnovu zanimanja za uvođenjem bele lupine u Srbiju jeste visok sadržaj sirovih proteina u suvoj materiji zrna od skoro 400 g kg-1, čineći je mogućim dodatkom sojinom brašnu u ishrani domaćih životinja. Jedina zbirka bele i ostalih lupina u Srbiji održava se u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, sa oko 200 akcesija 10 vrsta, od čega je 70 akcesija bele lupine. Akcesije sa velikom tolerantnošću na alkalnu reakciju zemljišnog rastvora, poput one od oko 8 na černozemu u Novom Sadu, uobičajeno obrazuju dva reda mahuna i zrna, te ostvaruju prinose od više od 5 t ha-1 zrna, 45 t ha-1 zelene krme i 8 t ha-1 suve materije krme. Prvi srpski program oplemenjivanja bele lupine, koji se odvija u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, iznedrio je sorte Vesna i Panorama priznate 2008