The biocompatibility of a ginger-containing herbal toothpaste on developing zebrafiish embryos

The biocompatibility of toothpaste in an oral cavity should be approved by clinical trials. Nowadays, herbal toothpaste is increasing in popularity due to its natural ingredients. Being genetically similar to humans, zebrafish are used in potential toxicity testing. The zebrafish embryotoxicity test is a fast and straightforward method to study chemical toxicity during embryogenesis. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate if there was any biocompatibility of the toothpaste on zebrafish embryos. Methods: Adult AB strain zebrafish were used according to Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols. Normally dividing, spherical embryos were exposed to herbal toothpaste with ginger (Gumgumix, Turkey) (50 mg/L) and conventional toothpaste (Signal, Expert Protection, Bulgaria) (50 mg/L) in well plates containing 20 embryos, having four replicates. Developmental effects, mortality, and hatching rates were evaluated for 72h. Results: Zebrafish embryos exposed to conventional toothpaste had a higher mortality rate than those exposed to herbal toothpaste; they hatched later and delayed in development. There was no difference between herbal toothpaste and the control group regarding mortality and hatching rates (p > 0.005). Conclusion: The herbal toothpaste showed higher biocompatibility on zebrafish embryos compared to the conventional toothpaste under the condition of this study

Tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in detecting thromboembolic complications in diabetic atherosclerotic patients

BackgroundAtherosclerosis, which is one of the leading causes of death all over the world, can create major or minor thromboembolic complications with the exponentially increasing diabetic status. Despite all the studies, the mechanism by which endothelial damage in atherosclerosis is triggered in diabetic setting is still not fully understood. MethodsIn this study, tissue factor (TF), which is thought to act together in the formation of vasular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and coagulopathy in diabetic atherosclerotic patients, may be an important indicator in this regard, a total of 100 cases who were undergone off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) which were at same risk group examined by dividing into diabetic status. Early postoperative process and biochemical parameters analyzed in terms of TF and VEGF-A levels measured before and after the operation. ResultsTF and VEGF-A expression of the T1DM group were statistically high compared to non-diabetics. Significantly longer hospital stays with changes in TF and VEGF-A were found in patients in the diabetic group compared to pre- and postoperatively, respectively; TF (95% CI: 0.879-0.992; p = 0.025), VEGF-A (95% CI: 0.964-0.991; p = 0.001) and hospital stay (95% CI: 1.96-7.49; p = 0.0001). Preoperatively measured carotid intima-media thickness (CT) was higher in diabetics and was significantly associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), (r = 0.873). Surgical team and protocols were same and OPCAB procedures were routinely applied to all patients in our clinic. No minor or major events were observed in any of the cases. ConclusionTF and VEGF-A values in patients with diabetic atherosclerosis may be important in the early detection of thromboembolic complications

The effect of different storage conditions on the migration of chemicals from polyethylene terephthalate and polycarbonate bottles to water

Objective: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) bottles have been used widely in the last years for the consumption of water and the increased use of these chemicals has raised many concerns regarding their adverse effects on health. Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are the main endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can migrate from these plastics into potable water. Materials and Methods: The concentrations of phthalate and BPA were measured in water samples that were stored in PET and PC bottles at different storage conditions. The method of ELISA was used for the determination of phthalate and BPA levels. A standard curve is obtained from the standards prepared at known concentrations of phthalate, BPA, according to their absorbance at 450 nm. The BPA levels of the samples were obtained through the calculation of the absorbance values acquired using the standard curve. Results: Different storage and heating processes applied on the samples significantly increased the levels of BPA and phthalate. One year of storage led to a statistically significant increase in phthalate levels when compared to the control group. Both BPA and phthalate levels detected in the water samples were higher than the control group depending on the storage conditions including exposure to high temperatures, sunlight and outdoor conditions. Conclusion: Our results indicate the necessity to establish the environmental conditions that must be ensured during the production, transportation and storage processes of the bottles, on a legal basis with legal regulations

Determination of bisphenol a and phthalate levels in wastewater samples

Objective: The use of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) in plastics manufacturing, agriculture, livestock, and paint manufacturing increas daily. The water treated in wastewater treatment plants is used in many areas such as irrigation of parks and gardens, and reinforcement of underground water resources. However, whether the treatment process eliminates EDCs in wastewater is not exactly known, and determining this as well as the amounts of these chemicals in treated water are important in terms of protecting the environment and human health. The aim of the study was to determine BPA and phthalate concentrations in the influent and effluent flow samples obtained from wastewater treatment plants. Materials and Methods: BPA and phthalate concentrations were measured in influent and effluent flow samples using the enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. BPA and phthalate measurements were performed as competitive measurements of BPA and total phthalates in samples using specific monoclonal antibodies. Results: BPA and phthalate levels were measured respectively as 7.69 μg/L and 78.27 μg/L in the influent water samples and 3.17 μg/L and 25.56 μg/L in the effluent water samples. The concentration of BPA and phthalates in the effluent samples decreased significantly compared to the influent water samples. Conclusion: This study is believed to shed light on the importance of monitoring BPA and phthalate concentrations in wastewater treatment plants and inspections for detecting other EDCs in wastewater

Chard extract increased gastric sialic acid and ameliorated oxidative stress in valproic acid-administered rats

Valproic acid, one of the most used drugs for epilepsy patients, has some known side effects. Chard extract has many pharmacological activities. The study aims to evaluate whether valproic acid might interfere with oxidative metabolism in gastric tissue and whether chard ameliorates these effects. The Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=8); control, chard-given control, valproic acid, and chard-given valproic acid. The aqueous extracts of chard leaves were given 1 h before the administration of valproic acid for 7 days. On the 8th day, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia and gastric tissues were homogenized. When compared to the control group, valproic acid significantly increased malondialdehyde and catalase activity, while superoxide dis- mutase activity decreased. Chard administration increased glutathione and, sialic acid levels and decreased malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity in the valproic acid group. Based on these findings, since chard increased gastric sialic acid levels, we may suggest that chard may protect gastric mucosa may be through its antioxidant effects

D-galaktoz ile oluşturulmuş yaşlanma modelinde doku faktörü aktivitesinin ve sialik asit miktarının değerlendirilmesi

D-galaktoz ile oluşturulmuş yaşlanma modelinde doku faktörü aktivitesinin ve sialik asit miktarının değerlendirilmes

Farklı dalga boylarında ışık yayan diyotların pankreas gelişimi ve beta hücre fonksiyonları üzerine etkileri

Çalışmamızın amacı, fetal hiperglisemi durumunda farklı dalga boylarındaki LED ışık kaynaklarının zebra balığı embriyolarının pankreas gelişimi ve beta hücre fonsiyonları üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesidir.Zebra balığı embriyoları Mavi (455-475), Yeşil (515-535), Amber (585-595 nm), Kırmızı (650-670 nm) ve Beyaz (7500 K) LED gruplarına ayrılarak üçüncü güne kadar E3 ve %5’lik glukoz çözeltilerine maruz bırakılmıştır. Sirkadiyen saat genleri, oksidatif stres, pankreas gelişimi ve insülin sentezinde düzenleyici genler RT-PCR ile incelenmiştir. Oksidatif stresi değerlendirmek amacıyla lipit peroksidasyonu (LPO), nitrik oksit (NO) seviyeleri ile glutatyon-s-tranferaz (GST) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktiviyeleri ölçülmüştür.En yüksek mortalite Glukoz ve Kırmızı LED gruplarında belirlenmiştir. Glukoz maruziyetinde Beyaz LED uygulaması sirkadiyen döngünün korunmasında, pankreas gelişimi ile ilgili genlerinin ifadelerini arttırarak pankreas alanında artışa neden olurken Yeşil LED uygulaması bu gen ifadelerinde azalmaya neden olarak pankreas alanında azalmayla ilişkili bulunmuştur. Glukoza maruz bırakılan Kırmızı LED grubunda yüksek il1β ifadesi beta hücre alanındaki azalmayla, Mavi LED grubunda düşük il1β ifadesi beta hücre alanındaki azalmayla ilişkilidir. Glukoza maruz bırakılan Beyaz LED grubunda ise yüksek ins ve kcnj11 ifadeleri toplam hücre floresan ışıma miktarı ile beraber artmıştır. Glukoza maruz bırakılan Beyaz LED grubunda LPO ifadesi artarken GST ifadesi azalmış ve SOD ifadesi artmıştır. fth1b, gclc ve txnrd1 gen ifadelerindeki ve SOD aktivitesindeki belirgin artış oksidan hasara karşı antioksidan sistemlerin aktivasyonunu sağlamıştır. Embriyonik dönemde glukoz maruziyetine ilave olarak Mavi, Kırmızı LED ışık maruziyeti sirkadiyen döngüde aksamaya neden olmuştur. Beyaz LED ışık maruziyeti anti- oksidan sistemlerin uyarılması sağlayarak pankreas gelişimi ve insülin salınımını arttırmıştır. Yeşil LED ışık maruziyeti ise oksidatif hasarı artırarak, pankreas alanında azalmaya neden olmuştur.The aim of our study is to examine the effects of different spectrum LED light sources on pancreatic development and beta cell functions during fetal hyperglycemia in zebrafish embryos.Zebrafish embryos were divided into Blue (455-475), Green (515-535), Amber (585-595 nm), Red (650-670 nm) and White (7500 K) LED groups. They were exposed to E3 and 5% glucose solutions until the third day. Circadian clock genes, genes associated with oxidative stress, pancreatic development and insulin synthesis were investigated by RT-PCR. In order to evaluate oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) levels, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured.The highest mortality was determined in Glucose and Red LED groups. In glucose exposure, White LED application caused an increase in pancreatic area by increasing the expressions of pdx1, ptf1a, pax4, nkx6.1 and hnf1a genes in maintaining the circadian cycle, while Green LED application caused a decrease in pdx1, ptf1a, pax4, nkx6.1 and hnf1a gene expressions and decreases pancreatic area were found. High il1β expression was associated with a decrease in beta cell area in the Red LED group exposed to glucose, while low il1β expression was associated with a decrease in beta cell area in the Blue LED group. In the White LED group exposed to glucose, high ins and kcnj11 expressions increased similarly with the total cell fluorescence amount. Similarly, in the White LED group exposed to glucose, LPO expression increased, while GST expression decreased and SOD expression increased. The significant increase in fth1b, gclc and txnrd1 gene expressions and SOD activity led to the activation of antioxidant systems against oxidant damage.In addition to glucose exposure in the embryonic period, Blue and Red LED light exposure caused disruption in the circadian cycle. Exposure to white LED light increased pancreatic development and insulin secretion by stimulating the antioxidant systems. Green LED light exposure, on the other hand, increased oxidative damage and caused a decrease in the area of the pancreas

Di-2-etilhekzilfitalat ve bisfenol a 'nın zebra balığı embriyosu gelişimi ve bazı wnt-β katenin sinyal yolu proteinlerinin ekspresyonu üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması

ÖZETÇalışmamızın amacı Di-2-etilhekzilfitalat (DEHP) ve Bisfenol A’nın (BFA) etkilerinin son yılların popular bir omurgalı modeli haline gelen Zebra balığı embriyosunda incelenmesidir.ABSTRACTThe aim of our study was to investigate the effects of Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BFA) on zebrafish embryos, which have become a popular vertebrate model in recent years

Di-2-etilhekzilfitalat ve bisfenol a 'nın zebra balığı embriyosu gelişimi ve bazı wnt-β katenin sinyal yolu proteinlerinin ekspresyonu üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması

Çalışmamızın amacı Di-2-etilhekzilfitalat (DEHP) ve Bisfenol A’nın (BFA) etkilerinin son yılların popular bir omurgalı modeli haline gelen Zebra balığı embriyosunda incelenmesidir. ABSTRACT The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BFA) on zebrafish embryos, which have become a popular vertebrate model in recent years