Forage yield and lodging traits in peas (Pisum sativum L.) with different leaf types

Two semi-leafless and four leafed pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated for plant height, lodging scores, and forage yield in eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean or Mediterranean-type climate in the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. The genotypes used in this study were forage type with indeterminate growing habit. Significant differences among pea genotypes were found for all traits over years and locations. All interactions which related to G x E interaction showed significance (P>0.01) for all traits. The forage yield of the pea genotypes averaged 26605 kg ha(-1) and the highest yield was obtained from the leafed genotype Urunlu. Its forage yield reached to 35970 kg ha(-1) yield level at Samsun location

Genotype x nvironment interaction and stability analysis for dry matter and seed yield in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate dry matter (DM) yield and seed yield of six leafed and semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes, and to compare them for these traits. Evaluation of genotype x environment (G x E) interaction, stability and cluster analysis were also carried out at eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean and Mediterranean-type climate during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. Significant differences were found among the pea genotypes for DM and seed yield on individual years and combined over years, and in all locations. All interactions which related to G x E interaction showed significance (P>0.001) for DM and seed yield. The highest yield (4789 kg ha(-1)) was obtained from the leafed genotype 'Urunlu'. However, stability analysis indicated that for DM yield, the leafed genotypes 'Golyazi' and 'Urunlu' should be grown in low yielding and high yielding environments, respectively. Cluster analysis, based on grouping locations, showed that P101 was the preferred variety in low yielding environments, and P98, in high yielding ones. It was suggested that the use of both stability and cluster analyses might give better results. Comparison of cluster and stability analyses showed that the stability analysis fails to recommend cultivars to different regions where yield potential showed significant differences. It seems, however, that cluster analysis could be a powerful tool to examine G x E interaction. If the number of environments was sufficient, a separate stability analysis could be run in each cluster

Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (<4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs

An Evaluation on the Purview and Necessity of Declaratory Cases in Administrative Procedure Law Connection with Declaratory Acts

İdarenin kamu gücü ayrıcalıklarından yararlanarak tesis ettiği idari işlemlerin hukuk düzeninde etki ve sonuç doğurabilmesi karşısında, bireylerin temel hak ve hürriyetlerinin korunmasında en etkin yol yargısal başvuru olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte idari yargılama hukukunda dava türlerinin belirli formlarla ifade edilen sınırlı bir yapıda bulunduğu göz önüne alındığında; bu durumun bireylerin etkin bir yargısal yoldan yararlanamaması neticesine yol açacağı da ifade edilebilecektir. Özellikle idari işlemlerin çeşitli konulara yönelmesi ve hukuka uygunluk karinesinden yararlanması karşısında belirli hukuki konuların yargısal yola başvurularak saptanmasında bireylerin hukuki menfaatlerinin bulunduğundan bahsedilebilir. Bu anlamda kamu hukukunu ilgilendiren uyuşmazlıkların idari yargı düzeninde çözümlenmesi gereğine rağmen, idari yargılama hukukunda delil tespiti kurumunun sadece maddi olguların tespitine yönelmesi ve dava türlerinin sınırlı sayıda olduğu görüşü karşısında, söz konusu hukuki menfaatin tam olarak karşılanmasına yönelik herhangi bir hukuki müessesenin bulunmadığı belirtilebilir. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada öncelikle tespit davası kavramı tanımlanarak uygulama alanı belirtilecek; sonrasında tespit davalarının idari yargılama hukukunda gerekliliği meselesi irdelenecektir.Judicial application is the most effective way to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals in the face of the administrative acts established by the administration by taking advantage of the privileges of the public power and which may have an effect and result in the legal order. However, considering that the types of cases in administrative procedure law have a limited structure expressed in certain forms; it can also be stated that this situation will result in individuals not benefiting from an effective judicial way. In particular, it can be said that there is a legal interest in determining certain legal issues by applying judicial means in the face of administrative procedures oriented towards various issues and benefiting from the presumption of compliance with law. In this sense, despite the necessity to resolve the disputes concerning public law in the administrative judicial system, it can be stated that there is no legal opportunity in the administrative procedure law to address the legal interest in question, in view of the fact that the evidence finding institution only focuses on the determination of material facts and the types of cases are limited. In this direction, first of all, the concept of declaratory cases and the field of application will be defined and then the question of the necessity of declaratory cases in administrative procedure law will be examined

Kentsel dönüşüm

Yaşanan göçler, küreselleşme, teknolojinin gelişmesi gibi nedenlerle kentler zaman içinde çöküntü sürecine girmiştir. Tüm dünyada kentlerin bu sorununa çözümler üretilmiş olup, günümüzde ise kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları çözüm olarak görülmektedir. Ülkemizde de kentler aynı sorunlarla karşılaşmış, çeşitli yöntemlerden sonra kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları kentlerin sorunlarına çözüm olarak benimsenmiştir. Ülkemizde kentsel dönüşüme doğrudan yer veren düzenlemeler 2000’ li yıllarda tesis edilmiş olup, bu kapsamda tarihi varlıkları konu alan 5366 sayılı Kanun ve belirli bir alanı (Ankara) konu alan 5104 sayılı Kanun karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak, kentsel dönüşümü genel olarak düzenleyen bir kanun da bulunmamaktadır. Bu durum, yetki karmaşası, plan bütünlüğü ilkesinin ihlaline sebep olabileceği gibi, kentsel dönüşüm konusunda genel geçer uygulamalar yapılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Diğer bir yandan mevzuattaki birtakım eksiklikler idarenin yapacağı uygulamalarda da mülkiyet hakkı, katılım, kamu malları, takdir yetkisi gibi konularda sorun yaşanmasına neden olabilecektir. Anılan nedenle, kentsel dönüşüm yerinde bir çözüm olmakla beraber yasal düzenlemelerdeki eksiklikler ve çatışmalar düzeltilmeden bu çözümden istenen verimin sağlanması mümkün olmayacaktır. SUMMARY Emigration, globalization, and development of technology, demolished large parts of the cities. The world, produced many solutions for this problem of cities, but nowadays “urban regeneration” is accepted. Our cities faced with the same problems too. Turkey accepted Uran Regeneration as a solution after experiencing other methods. Legal arrangements that directly mention “urban regeneration” established by 2000’ s; Code numbered 5366 which is about cultural and historic assets, Code numbered 5104 which is about a specific area: Ankara. But, there is no legislation which establishes the general rules of urban regeneration So that, it makes hard to establish general and equal applications, and it may cause of violations of authorization and integrity of plans. And, because of deficieny in codes, there can be some porblems of right of property, public property, power of discretion subjects. So that, efficiency of urban regeneration is related to find solutions about deficiency of legal arrangements and conflict of authority subjects

Functions and Responsibilities of the Administration in Mediation Activities

2017 yılında 7036 sayılı Kanunla 6325 sayılı Hukuk Uyuşmazlıklarında Arabuluculuk Kanununa yapılan eklemeyle idarenin taraf olduğu özel hukuk uyuşmazlıklarının arabuluculuk yoluyla çözümlenmesine ilişkin düzenlemeler tesis edilmiştir. Bu düzenleme gereği, arabuluculuk müzakere sürecinde idareleri bir komisyon temsil edecek olup, Kanunda yer verilen bu düzenlemeler arabuluculuk süreci ve idarenin taraf olduğu uyuşmazlıkların anlaşarak çözümlenmesi için olumlu bir adımdır. Ancak, her düzenlemenin ilk kaleme alınışında olabilecek eksiklikler ve uygulamaya geçişinde yaşanabilecek sorunlar mevcut olup, bu çalışmamızda söz konusu komisyon yapısına ve üyelerinin görev ve sorumsuzluğuna ilişkin önerilerimiz sunulmuştur.With the addition made in 2017 by the Code 7036 to the Code 6325, which regulates Mediation in Legal Conflicts, amendments have been introduced bearing on the private law conflicts to which administration is a party. Following these amendments, a commission is to represent administrations during mediation negotiations, which is a positive step toward the peaceful settlement of conflicts to which administration is a party._x000D_ However, since there may be shortcomings attending the first introduction of any amendment and problems in its application, this study offers our proposals regarding the structure of the said commission as well as the obligations and nonliabilities of its members._x000D

Discretion and duty to give reason in administrative acts

Kamu hizmetlerinin çeşitliliği, her türlü ayrıntının mevzuatta düzenlenememesi gibi sebepler idareye takdir yetkisi tanınmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Ancak takdir yetkisinin kullanımı özellik arz etmektedir. İdari işlemlerin gerekçeli yapılması takdir yetkisinin daha etkin kullanımını sağlar. Nitekim gerekçe ilkesinin idari işlemin yapım aşamasında idarenin takdir yetkisini hukuka uygun kullanmasını sağlamak, idari işlemin yargısal denetimini kolaylaştırmak ve işlemin muhatabı bireyi ikna etmek işlevleri bulunmaktadır.Administration has discretion because of various public services and nature of legislation. But using of discretion has importance in administrative law. The duty to give reason in administrative acts provide using of discretion effectively. The duty to give reason have functions of using of discretion in compliance with laws, persuading people and making easy to judicial review of discretion