Genetic diversity and population structure of Turkish native cattle breeds

Cattle are an important livestock species for human life, but certain breeds are at risk of extinction. Maintaining genetic diversity plays an important role in sustainable breeding and conservation programmes in farm animals. The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity among five Turkish native cattle breeds. A total of 199 Turkish native cattle of the Native Southern Yellow (n = 40), South Anatolian Red (n = 40), Anatolian Grey Cattle (n = 40), Native Black Cattle (n = 39) and East Anatolian Red (n = 40) breeds were investigated using 22 autosomal microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed considerable genetic variation among these breeds. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 545 alleles were found. Among these loci, only INRA032 was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Thirty-four private alleles with frequencies greater than 5% were found. Expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content indexes were 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. Native Southern Yellow, South Anatolian Red and Native Black Cattle breeds were closely related.Keywords: animal genetic resources, microsatellite, genetic relationship, genetic conservatio

A general overwiev to seedling productıon in arid and semi-arid regions

Dünya üzerinde geniş alanlar kaplayan kurak ve yarıkurak alanlar, ormancılık çalışmaları için zor ve karmaşık teknikleri gerektirmekte, özellikle silvikültür çalışmalarında farklı uygulamaları zorunlu kılmaktadır. Söz konusu alanlarda iklim ve toprak özellikleri gibi olumsuz koşullar nedeniyle fidanlık ve bitkilendirme çalışmaları ılıman kuşaktakilere oranla büyük ölçüde farklılık göstermekte olup daha fazla deneyim ve teknik bilgi de gerektirmektedir. Başarı açısından kurak ve yarıkurak alanlarda kaplı fidan kullanımı kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kuraklık olgusu, ülkemizde ve dünyadaki kurak alanlar hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra, bu gibi sahalarda uygulanabilecek bazı fidanlık teknikleri genel hatlarıyla ortaya konularak özellikle kurak alanların ıslahında kullanılacak kaplı fidanların nitelikleri üzerinde durulmuşturArid and semi-arid areas, which cover wide areas on the earth, requires difficult and complex forestry techniques, notably different applications in silvicultural operations. Nursery and plantation techniques in such areas differs considerably compared to those in temperate zones, because of unfavorable conditions like climate and soil characteristics. For this reason, experience and adequate technical knowledge are required. Using containerized seedling becomes an obligation in arid and semi-arid regions to reach success. In this study, gives information about aridity term, arid and semi-arid areas in the country and in the world, then provides a clear understanding of some nursery techniques in such areas in a general manner. Especially properties of containerized seedlings, which will be used in reclamation of arid areas, are discussed

Evaluation of facial soft tissues by stereophotogrammetry method in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a morphological study

Background: We aimed to use the “SomnoMed MAS” device, which brings the mandible forward in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients due to mandibular retrognathia, and to examine its effects on facial soft tissues by stereophotogrammetry (3dMD) method. Materials and methods: Thirty-one patients with a mean age of 44 years and 6 months were included in the study. SomnoMed MAS, one of the splint appliances that position the mandible in front, was applied to all patients and the changes in facial soft tissues were examined by overlapping the images taken at different times with the 3dMD face system. The obtained data were analysed statistically and the level of statistical significance was determined as p ≤ 0.05. Results: Mouth width decreased statistically during T0–T1 period. In T0–T2 period, while crista philtri and labiale inferius points moved backwards, Mouth width, nose width decreased and nasal base width increased. In the T0–T3 period, nasal base width increased statistically, the philtrum width and the mouth width decreased, and the soft tissue nasion point came to the fore. Conclusions: Splint treatment, which positions the mandible in front in adult obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients, affected the middle and lower facial soft tissues with the forward and downward translational movement of the lower jaw

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics and Two-Year Efficacy and Safety Data of 508 Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Fingolimod Treatment

Introduction: Fingolimod is the first oral immunomodulatory treatment used as secondary care therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis for the last 10 years. The objective of our study is to reveal the experiences of the first generic fingolimod active ingredient treatment in different centers across Turkey. Method: The first generic fingolimod efficacy and safety data of patients followed-up in 29 different clinical multiple sclerosis units in Turkey were analyzed retrospectively. Data regarding efficacy and safety of the patients were transferred to the data system both before the treatment and on the 6th, 12th and 24th month following the treatment. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20.00. P value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 508 multiple sclerosis patients, 331 of whom were women, were included in the study. Upon comparing the Expanded Disability Status values before and after the treatment, a significant decrease was observed, especially at month 6 and thereafter. Since bradycardia occurred in 11 of the patients (2.3%), the first dose had to be longer than 6 hours. During the observation of the first dose, no issues that could prevent the use of the drug occured. Side effects were seen in 49 (10.3%) patients during the course of fingolimod treatment. Respectively, the most frequent side effects were bradycardia, hypotension, headache, dizziness and tachycardia. Conclusion: The observed results regarding efficacy and safety were similar to clinical trial data in the literature and real life data in terms of the first equivalent with fingolimod active ingredient. © 2023, Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society. All rights reserved.Thanks to SANOVEL for funding the publication process

Breakdown probabilities for thin heterostructure avalanche photodiodes

The recurrence theory for the breakdown probability in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is generalized to heterostructure APDs that may have multiple multiplication layers. The generalization addresses layer-boundary effects such as the initial energy of injected carriers as well as the layer-dependent profile of the dead space in the multiplication region. Reducing the width of the multiplication layer serves to both downshift and sharpen the breakdown probability curve as a function of the applied reverse-bias voltage. In structures where the injected carriers have an initial energy that is comparable to the ionization threshold energy, the transition from linear mode to Geiger-mode is more abrupt than in structures in which such initial energy is negligible. The theory is applied to two recently fabricated Al 0.6 Ga 0.4 As-GaAs heterostructure APDs and to other homostructure thin GaAs APDs and the predictions of the breakdown-voltage thresholds are verified

About curvature, conformal metrics and warped products

We consider the curvature of a family of warped products of two pseduo-Riemannian manifolds $(B,g_B)$ and $(F,g_F)$ furnished with metrics of the form $c^{2}g_B \oplus w^2 g_F$ and, in particular, of the type $w^{2 \mu}g_B \oplus w^2 g_F$, where $c, w \colon B \to (0,\infty)$ are smooth functions and $\mu$ is a real parameter. We obtain suitable expressions for the Ricci tensor and scalar curvature of such products that allow us to establish results about the existence of Einstein or constant scalar curvature structures in these categories. If $(B,g_B)$ is Riemannian, the latter question involves nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations with concave-convex nonlinearities and singular partial differential equations of the Lichnerowicz-York type among others.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figure

Band structures and transport properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons with antidot arrays

We study the band and transport features of zigzag graphene nanoribbon with an antidot lattice. It is found that an antidot lattice could turn semi-metal graphene into a semiconductor. The size of the band gap can be tuned by the position of the antidots and the distance D between the two nearest antidots. For a finite superlattice with N antidots and a large D, a group of (N - 1) splitting resonant peaks and transmission-blockade regions appear alternately in the conductance spectrum. This indicates the formation of minibands and minigaps. In addition, Fano resonances can be observed when the antidots are localized near one edge of the nanoribbon. These features provide potential applications for graphene-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.postprin