Alcohol in the second half of life: do usual quantity and frequency of drinking to intoxication increase with increased drinking frequency?

We investigated if increased drinking frequency among adults in the second half of life co-occurred with increased usual quantity and increased intoxication frequency. Drinking frequency, usual quantity and intoxication frequency was measured by self-report in 2002/03 and again in 2007/08. Information about gender, age and level of education was obtained from the public register. Health was collected by self-report. Because of a significant gender × change in drinking frequency interaction effect on change in intoxication frequency (b = 0.02, P = 0.013), women and men were analysed separately. After adjusting for covariates, women who increase their drinking frequency showed a non-significant decrease in usual quantity [low initial usual quantity (LIUQ): β = -0.01, P = 0.879; high initial usual quantity (HIUQ): β = -0.06, P = 0.164] and a non-significant increase in intoxication frequency (LIUQ: β = 0.04, P = 0.569; HIUQ: β = 0.09, P = 0.251). Men who increased their drinking frequency showed a small decrease in usual quantity (LIUQ: β = -0.06, P = 0.049; HIUQ: β = -0.05, P = 0.002) and a small increase in intoxication frequency (LIUQ: β = 0.05, P = 0.035; HIUQ: β = 0.13, P = 0.004). Among Norwegian adults in the second half of life, increased drinking frequency appears to be associated with a small reduction in usual quantity, and a small increase in frequency of drinking to intoxication

Alkoholkonsum blant eldre. Hovedfunn fra spørreundersøkelser 1985-2008

Eldre utgjør en stadig større del av befolkningen i Europa. Også i Norge vil andelen over 65 år øke sterkt de neste tiårene. Dagens eldre er vokst opp med et annet forhold til alkohol enn foregående generasjoner, og det er grunn til å anta at de generasjonene som nå nærmer seg pensjonsalder vil ha et betydelig høyere alkoholforbruk enn generasjonene før dem. At de eldre blir stadig flere og samtidig drikker mer alkohol, antas å føre til flere alkoholrelaterte problemer i denne gruppen. Det er imidlertid få studier som har fokusert på alkoholbruk blant eldre, både i Norge og Europa for øvrig. En vet også lite når det gjelder kombinasjonen av medisin- og alkoholbruk blant eldre. Denne rapporten gir en deskriptiv fremstilling av utviklingen i alkoholkonsumet over tid for ulike aldersgrupper basert på noen av datasettene SIRUS har tilgjengelig, og er et utgangspunkt for utforming av videre problemstillinger på temaet alkohol og eldre. Hovedresultatene i de presenterte analysene er følgende: Det er i dag flere eldre som drikker enn for 15 år siden, og økningen er størst i aldersgruppen 66-79 år. Eldre drikker også oftere enn før, også her er økningen størst i aldersgruppen 66-79 år, og den er omtrent like stor for kvinner og menn. Det er særlig konsumet av vin som har økt markant. Det er fremdeles uvanlig å drikke seg beruset blant de eldre, særlig for eldre kvinner, og eldre har også få episoder med storkonsum (seks eller flere alkoholenheter per gang). Resultatene samsvarer med resultater fra andre nordiske land, og også resultatene fra Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT). SIRUS vil fremover se nærmere på hvorvidt den observerte økningen i frekvens og mengde i alkoholbruk hos eldre skyldes kohort- eller livsfaseeffekter, og vi vil også se på hvordan overgang fra arbeidslivet til pensjonisttilværelsen samt endring i sivilstatus påvirker eldres drikkemønster

Comparing photogrammetric and iPad-Lidar models of exposed faces in the Rogfast tunnel.

Cameras have become progressively more advanced in the 21st century. They are a ubiquitous feature in electronic devices, which brings more opportunities for collecting data in the field and creating 3D geologic models. However, since there can be many devices to choose between, it may be difficult to know which one to select. Selecting the most appropriate device will depend on cost, ease of use, efficiency in collection and processing, and required detail of the output model. During tunnel excavation, the rock in the exposed tunnel face is removed (front face) or covered (roof) after the section is deemed completed and reviewed by an-site geologist and deemed completed. The rocks are no longer observable and generally, there is no visual record. By using an electronic device to create a 3D geologic model during excavation, there could be a visual record of the rock exposures for future use. This has been explored in this thesis by testing two different methods inside an excavating tunnel (part of the larger Rogfast project) in Kvitsøy, Rogaland, SW Norway. One of the methods is camera photogrammetry, which is today a standard method. Generally, it requires a high economical investment and complicated training of staff and data processing to make a virtual model. Because of these relatively high required skillsets, it would be interesting to compare this method with a new, and easier method for 3D modelling, namely the iPad Pro 2020 with a built-in terrestrial lidar scanner (TLS), which requires nearly zero training. After a comparing the camera photogrammetry and iPad TLS in terms of ease of use, data processing, output models, efficiency, degree of difficulty, stability, and costs, it is concluded that the iPad TLS is the most efficient tool for documenting and collecting 3D geologic models during active tunnel excavation. - It seems to me you are missing the main results here: How may faces did you look at, what did you do, what results support this conclusion

Robust Adaptive Control of a Surface Vessel in Managed Ice Using Hybrid Position- and Force Control

Studies done in recent years have shown a signicant decline in the coverage of arctic sea ice. This trend has made the Arctic more accessible and has resulted in expanded naval activity in this region. Furthermore, an increasing desire among international petroleum operators to extend their operations towards the Arctic have resulted in vast investments in the development of these areas.The increasing development of the oil and gas industry in the Arctic region makes riseto several challenges concerning navigation and control of the vessels operating in these waters. Although the trend shows a decrease in the thick multi-year ice cape covering most of the Arctic, a proportional increase in thinner ice oes is observed. The technologyfor vessel stationkeeping used in open waters today, known as Dynamic Positioning (DP), has not shown to perform suciently well in areas where ice is present.In this thesis two model reference adaptive control schemes are implemented as a meanto achieve automatic vessel control in an ever changing sea ice environment. The rstscheme is an indirect MRAC scheme, which aims to regulate the vessel dynamics withrespect to the environment in order to achieve convergence to desired positions.The second scheme is an extended MRAC scheme, referred to as MRAHFC, which incorporateshybrid force control into the vessel DP control system. Force control aims to regulatethe vessel-environment interaction force dynamics in order to reduce environmentalinuence.The proposed control schemes are demonstrated and compared with a reference PDcontroller with acceleration feed-forward. The results suggest that the indirect MRACperforms better relative to the reference controller in regulating the vessel to a stationary setpoint. Moreover, energy consumption is reduced, as the vessel applies less force in the process. However, neglection of cross terms in the system models results in drift-offs and excessive thrust force due to sway-yaw interaction. The results for the MRAHFC scheme show that the force controller does operate as intended. However, in the form demonstrated, it does not reduce energy consumption any further. Nor does it result in a noteworthy reduction in environmental inuence, compared to the classic MRAC.The results from the case study furthermore indicate that adaptive control might constitute as an enhancement relative to conventional systems. Nevertheless, more work has to be done in order to enhance the MRAC performance, as it does not, in the implemented form, account for cross terms in the system models. Enhancing the MRAC performance thus implies developing an adaptive control system for multi-variable systems. Such a development is believed to pose as a possible improvement of force control in this regard as well, as precise force control would require knowledge of every term in the system models. Finally, further work should be done in order to optimize the proposed control schemes with respect to fuel consumption and choice-of-route through the ice

The Servant, The Law and the State: Servant Law in Denmark-Norway, c. 1600-1800

publishedVersio

Stochastic modelling and prediction of call data from TrønderTaxi.

In this report we examine a data set from TrønderTaxi, which contains information about all phone calls their call center received from 1 March 2014 to 31 January 2016. We model the number of phone calls received per 30 minute time interval using two different models. The first model is a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model, or SARIMA model. The second model is a naive model, which treats all of the weeks of the data set as independent and identically distributed. We use both the SARIMA and naive models to make predictions of both one and two weeks into the future. The results show that the SARIMA model appears to make slightly better predictions for one week into the future, while the naive model is better for more distant predictions

Rock weakness zone detecting using first-arrival traveltime tomography in underwater tunnel construction settings

Identifying geological weakness zones is crucial in the early stages of subsurface projects, yet it poses significant challenges due to the limited prior knowledge of rock properties and structural features. This thesis explores the effectiveness of various seismic survey configurations for detecting such zones in a tunnel pre-project scenario. Using surface sources and both streamers and ocean bottom cables, the visibility and detectability of weakness zones under different geological conditions are tested. This research is built upon conditions in the Rogfast project, conducted outside of Stavanger in South-West Norway. The investigation is important for tunnel construction because it addresses the early identification of geological weakness zones, which can significantly impact the safety, cost, and feasibility of tunneling projects. Understanding these zones before construction begins allows engineers to anticipate and decrease potential risks, such as ground instability, water ingress, and unexpected rock behavior. By improving seismic survey methodologies and enhancing the accuracy of subsurface imaging, this research contributes to more effective planning and decision-making, ultimately leading to safer and more efficient tunnel construction projects. The study involves creating synthetic models based on realistic parameters, including sediment cover, water depth, tunnel location, and rock velocities. Data acquisition is simulated using a surface seismic geometry with short and long streamer lengths, as well as using ocean bottom nodes, and the impact on data quality and interpretation accuracy is evaluated. Additionally, a more complex model is created with variable seabed topography, varying sediment cover, and the presence of suture between different rock types. The findings of this research indicate that pinpointing weakness zones through first-arrival traveltime tomography poses a formidable challenge, even when operating under ideal circumstances. This underscores significant reservations regarding the efficacy of existing seismic methodologies in real-world scenarios. While potential enhancements may offer incremental improvements, the overarching reliability of these techniques remains uncertain. The study advocates for the sustained adoption of Tunnel Seismic Prediction (TSP) and advocates for an expanded exploration of three-dimensional modeling to bolster the capacity for detecting such subsurface anomalies

The Trade Negotiations between the EU and Mercosur, 2000-2013

The EU - Mercosur Trade Negotiations, 2000-2013. The thesis handles the questions why the two blocs have engaged in interregional relations and why they want to negotiate an agreement. The thesis further discusses why the EU and Mercosur have not yet been able to come to an agreement

Concurrent operation of Bluetooth low energy and ANT wireless protocols with an embedded controller

With the introduction of low-power wireless technologies, new applicationsin the healthcare, fitness and home entertainment markets emergethrough the use of ultra low-power sensors. These devices are designed torun for years on a single coin-cell battery.ANT and Bluetooth Low Energy are two low-power protocols that emergeas competitors in this market. The ability to combine these in a single systemnot only takes away the element of choice from the manufacturers, but alsoprovides compatibility between the two protocols. An ANT-enabled devicecan be coupled to a Bluetooth network, with the benefit of connecting tonon-ANT central devices, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops.In this thesis, the co-existence of these two protocols is discussed. Animplementation with two distinct radios for each protocol, controlled by asingle embedded microcontroller, is presented. The implementation is testedwith regards to packet loss with a simple test application. Test results showthat the obtained packet loss cannot be correlated to the co-existence of thetwo protocols

A mindset Intervention in an Organizational Context

Research demonstrates that mindset can be shaped through interventions, but there exist limited studies on how they impact in organizational work contexts. The objective of this master thesis is primarily to examine if a mindset intervention, that targets growth mindset and stress mindset, can change the mindset of employees and increase job satisfaction. Even though there is a large amount of research that indicates effects of interventions on children and students in educational environments, there has not yet been performed a synergic intervention on employees in context to job satisfaction, as we know of. In this pilot study we conducted an experiment, consisting of a synergistic mindsets intervention that was subjected to employees in a consulting firm. The intervention, which is an online training module, consisted of two sessions with a 2-week break in between. 28 of the 44 who started the first session completed the likert scale survey and intervention, while 10 participants started and completed the second session. All participants who completed the first survey were randomized into either treatment or control condition. We investigated if the intervention had any impact on the three outcome measures. (1) Level of growth mindset; (2) Level of stress mindset; (3) Level of job satisfaction. The aim was to examine if employees changed their mindsets, and if a change could impact perceived job satisfaction. Our results are analyzed by performing a regression with robust standard errors. The results yield positive treatment effects across all measures, with job satisfaction showing significant improvements after treatment (N=10). We find that growth mindset increases by 33% (p>0,1), stress mindset by 20% (p>0,1), and job satisfaction increases significantly by 116% (p<0,1) when controlling for treatment. This indicates that it could be possible to increase job satisfaction for employees through a synergetic mindset intervention. However, the sample size was not sufficient and thus was not representative, meaning that the outcomes of this trial must be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, our study indicates that intervention could be a valuable resource for organizations to use, being both time efficient and cost-effective, however further research on the topic is necessary in order to conclude