The effects of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown as fodder and green manure on some soil physical and chemical properties in Çarşamba plain conditions

Araştırma 2000-2004 yılları arasında Çarşamba Ovası koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulan araştırmada “yeşil gübreleme-mısır-buğday” münavebe sistemi uygulanmıştır. Yeşil gübre bitkisi olarak yem baklası kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada; yeşil gübre bitkisinin tüm aksamının gömülmesi ve yalnızca kök+anız aksamının gömülmesi suretiyle yapılan yeşil gübrelemenin iki farklı uygulama şekli; her iki uygulama şekillerinde, yeşil gübrelemeyi takiben yetiştirilen ana ürünlere farklı azot -1 -1 dozları (mısır için 0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha , buğday için 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha ) uygulaması, geleneksel sistemde kimyasal gübre uygulaması ile yeşil gübre ve azotun yer almadığı kontrol konusu uygulamaları ele alınmıştır. Yeşil gübre uygulamalarının genelde toprağın strüktür stabilite indeksi, agregat stabilite indeksi, hacim ağırlığı, makro ve mikro gözenek hacimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkisi görülmemiştir. Buna karşın, münavebenin birinci yılında strüktür stabilite indeksi ve makro gözenek hacmi kontrol konusuna göre istatistiki açıdan önemli derecede farklılık göstermiştir. Genellikle yeşil gübrenin her iki uygulama şekli de, kontrol parseline göre toprağın organik madde ve toplam azot içeriğini artırmışlardır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, yapılan uygulama ve işlemlerin toprakların fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini olumlu yönde etkilediği ancak bölge koşullarının organik materyallerin hızlı parçalanmasına neden olmasından dolayı etkinin geçici ve sınırlı kaldığı belirlenmiştir.The research was carried out in Çarþamba Plain conditions between 2000-2004. “Green manure-maize-wheat” rotation system was applied in the research that was established as to randomised block design in with four replications. Faba bean was used as green manure plant. In the research, two different application methods of green manure that were done by means of having both all parts and only root+stubble part of the green manure plant buried, different nitrogen doses application to the main crops that were grown subsequent to green manure -1 -1 in each two applications (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha for maize, 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha for wheat), chemical fertilizer application in traditional system and control subject applications in which green manure and nitrogen didn't take place, were discussed. There were no significant effects of green manure applications on the structure stability index values, aggregate stability index values, volum weights and the macro, micro pore volumes of soils. However, in the first year of rotation, structure stability index values and macro pore volumes showed based on the control as statistically significant difference. In general, both types of applications of green manure provided an increase in organic matter and total nitrogen contents of soils with respect of the control. According to research, practice and procedures in a positive effect on physical and chemical properties of soils, but the conditions of the region due to the effect of organic material that degradation quickly determined that a temporary and limited

EFFECTS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON SOME BASIC PRODUCTIVITY PARAMETERS OF SOIL

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of sewage sludge on some basic productivity parameters of soil. The research was conducted essentially by using “wheat + white head cabbage + tomato” crop rotation system and planned according to randomized blocks trial design. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t ha-1 doses of sewage sludge and optimum recommended doses of chemical fertilizer composed of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were applied. It was determined that the pH of the soil decreased whereas EC, organic matter, total N and receivable P values increased with the increasing rates of sewage sludge. However, there was no variation on lime and receivable potassium (K) contents of the soil

Effects of sewage sludge on the yield of plants in the rotation system of wheat-white head cabbage-tomato

This research was carried to determine the effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield and yield components of plants under crop rotation system. The field experiments were conducted in the Bafra Plain, located in the north region of Turkey. In this research, the “wheat-white head cabbage-tomato” crop rotation systems have been examined and the same crop rotation has been repeated in two separate years and field trials have been established. Seven treatments were compared: a control without application of sludge nor nitrogen fertilization, a treatment without sludge, but nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, applied at before sowing of wheat and five treatments where, respectively 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 tons sludge ha-1. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. The results showed that all the yield components of wheat and yield of white head cabbage and tomato increased significantly with increasing rates of sewage sludge as compared to control. As a result, 20 t ha-1 of sewage sludge application could be recommended the suitable dose for the rotation of wheat-white head cabbage-tomato in soil and climatic conditions of Bafra Plain

Effects of Sewage Sludge on the Yield of Plants in the Rotation System of Wheat-White Head Cabbage-Tomato

This research was carried to determine the effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield and yield components of plants under crop rotation system. The field experiments were conducted in the Bafra Plain, located in the north region of Turkey. In this research, the “wheat-white head cabbage-tomato” crop rotation systems have been examined and the same crop rotation has been repeated in two separate years and field trials have been established. Seven treatments were compared: a control without application of sludge nor nitrogen fertilization, a treatment without sludge, but nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, applied at before sowing of wheat and five treatments where, respectively 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 tons sludge ha-1. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. The results showed that all the yield components of wheat and yield of white head cabbage and tomato increased significantly with increasing rates of sewage sludge as compared to control. As a result, 20 t ha-1 of sewage sludge application could be recommended the suitable dose for the rotation of wheat-white head cabbage-tomato in soil and climatic conditions of Bafra Plain

Effects of Sewage Sludge Applications on Extractable Iron, Copper, Zinc and Manganese Content of Soil

Arıtma çamurlarıThis study was carried out in order to determine the effects of sewage sludge on some micronutrients contents of soil. The research was conducted essentially by using “wheat + white head cabbage + tomato” crop rotation system and planned according to randomized blocks trial design. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t ha-1 doses of sewage sludge and optimum recommended doses of chemical fertilizer composed of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were applied. According to the results, extractable iron, copper and zinc contents of soils was increased with the increasing rates of sewage sludge. However, there was no variation manganese content of the soil

THE EFFECTS OF GREE MA URE APPLICATIO S I MAIZE-WHEAT CROP ROTATIO O YIELD A D SOME AGRICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

This research has been planned; to show the effects of green manuring, which has a high importance in sense of sustainable agriculture, to determine the possibility of reducing the use of artificial fertilizers in maize and wheat main cropping planted after green manuring and to integrate green manuring in rotation cropping system. The research has been carried out between 2000-2004 at Çarsamba lowland conditions for three periods of rotation times. Experiments have been set up by using randomized complete block design with four replications and “green manuring + maize + wheat” rotation systems. Forage fava bean (Vicia faba L.) has beeen used as green manure plant. In this research two different manuring types were investigated: burying all body parts (root, stubble, soil surface parts) of green manure plants to the soil and burying the remaining stubble and roots after cutting over the grasses. In these two different application types the application of different doses of nitrogen to the main products grown after green manuring (for maize 0, 6, 12, 18 kg/da N, for wheat 0, 5, 10, 15 kg/da N), the nitrogen application in the traditional system advised as the consequence of researchs performed in the area for the plants which are present in the rotation of crops (for maize 16 kg/da N, for wheat 20 kg/da N) and the check plot applications in which no green manure and nitrogen applications are involved were investigated. According to the obtained results; there is possibility to grow up forage fava bean as a green manure crop in the rotation of crops in winter free season at Çarsamba lowland conditions. It was determinated that application of 12 kg/da N to the maize sown after forage fava bean (Vicia faba L.) grown up for green manuring and application 10 kg/da N for the wheat grown up after the maize will be sufficient

Reaction Changing and Distribution of Agricultural Land for Tea Cultivation

Toprak reaksiyonu Çay tarımıThis research was carried out to determine variations of soil reaction and their distribution in tea cultivated soils that have many speciality features as compared to other soils in Turkey. For this aim, total 262 soil sample were collected from tea plantation area located on Artvin, Rize and Trabzon and their analysis were done. According to results, pH values of tea cultivated soils were found between 3.14 and 6.39. 4.50–6.00 pH values of soils accepted the best roil reaction values for tea plant were determined 22.92%, 3.87% and 32.20% in Artvin, Rize and Trabzon provinces, respectively. The lowest pH values of the tea cultivated soils were detected in Rize province that has the highest percentage in terms of low pH values. In addition, it was determined that 86.26 % of the tea cultivated soils in the region has lower pH values than threshold level for ideal pH values. Consequently, this research shows that low pH values of cultivated tea soils in region has still continued as problem in today. For that reason, it is necessary that these soils have been rehabilitated in terms of pH for tea plant growing condition

The Effect of Inoculation with Various Nodosity Bacterial Cultures Collected from Samsun Province on Yield and Nitrogen Coverage of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in the Greenhouse and Field Condition

Araştırma; Samsun ilinde soya ekilen alanlardan toplanan nodül örneklerinden izole edilen Rhizobium japonicum suşlarının soya bitkisinin gelişimi ile azot kapsamına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Nodül örnekleri; soya fasulyesi tarımının yoğun olduğu Samsun ilinin Çarşamba ve Terme ilçeleri ile Dikbıyık beldesinde, toplam 94 farklı tarladan toplanmıştır. İzolasyon çalışmaları ve sera denemeleri, Toprak Gübre ve Su Kaynakları Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (TGSKMAE) laboratuvarı ve seralarında yürütülmüştür. Sera denemeleri sonucu izole edilen TGAE.Sam.58-a ve TGAE.Sam.60-c ve TGSKMAE koleksiyonunda bulunan TGAE.S.543/335/1089/649 no’lu suşları ile Samsun ilinde 9 farklı lokasyonda tarla denemeleri yürütülmüştür. Tarla denemeleri sonucu; tane verimi, tane azot kapsamı ve tane ile kaldırılan azot değerleri bakımından ele alınan bütün suşlar etkili bulunmuş, en etkili suşların ise TGAE.Sam.60-c ve TGAE.S.1809 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Lokasyonların ortalaması olarak, bakteri aşılamasının yapıldığı parsellerde soya tanesi ile kaldırılan N değerleri 23-30 kg da-1 arasında değişim gösterirken, kontrol konularının değeri 12-14 kg da-1 olmuştur. Samsun ili soya tarımı yapılan alanlar için, TGAE.Sam.60-c ve TGAE.S.1809 suşlarının kullanılması önerilmiştir.Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğ

The Effects of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Grown As Fodder and Green Manure on Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Çarþamba Plain Conditions

The research was carried out in Çar?amba Plain conditions between 2000-2004. “Green manure-maize-wheat” rotation system was applied in the research that was established as to randomised block design in with four replications. Faba bean was used as green manure plant. In the research, two different application methods of green manure that were done by means of having both all parts and only root+stubble part of the green manure plant buried, different nitrogen doses application to the main crops that were grown subsequent to green manure in each two applications (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1 for maize, 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha-1 for wheat), chemical fertilizer application in traditional system and control subject applications in which green manure and nitrogen didn't take place, were discussed. There were no significant effects of green manure applications on the structure stability index values, aggregate stability index values, volum weights and the macro, micro pore volumes of soils. However, in the first year of rotation, structure stability index values and macro pore volumes showed based on the control as statistically significant difference. In general, both types of applications of green manure provided an increase in organic matter and total nitrogen contents of soils with respect of the control. According to research, practice and procedures in a positive effect on physical and chemical properties of soils, but the conditions of the region due to the effect of organic material that degradation quickly determined that a temporary and limited