On the phase transition of light in cavity QED lattices

Systems of strongly interacting atoms and photons, that can be realized wiring up individual cavity QED systems into lattices, are perceived as a new platform for quantum simulation. While sharing important properties with other systems of interacting quantum particles here we argue that the nature of light-matter interaction gives rise to unique features with no analogs in condensed matter or atomic physics setups. By discussing the physics of a lattice model of delocalized photons coupled locally with two-level systems through the elementary light-matter interaction described by the Rabi model, we argue that the inclusion of counter rotating terms, so far neglected, is crucial to stabilize finite-density quantum phases of correlated photons out of the vacuum, with no need for an artificially engineered chemical potential. We show that the competition between photon delocalization and Rabi non-linearity drives the system across a novel $Z_2$ parity symmetry-breaking quantum criticality between two gapped phases which shares similarities with the Dicke transition of quantum optics and the Ising critical point of quantum magnetism. We discuss the phase diagram as well as the low-energy excitation spectrum and present analytic estimates for critical quantities.Comment: 5+3 pages, published versio

Non-Conventional Time Domain (TD)-NMR Approaches for Food Quality: Case of Gelatin-Based Candies as a Model Food

The TD-NMR technique mostly involves the use of T-1 (spin-lattice) and T-2 (spin-spin) relaxation times to explain the changes occurring in food systems. However, these relaxation times are affected by many factors and might not always be the best indicators to work with in food-related TD-NMR studies. In this study, the non-conventional TD-NMR approaches of Solid Echo (SE)/Magic Sandwich Echo (MSE) and Spin Diffusion in food systems were used for the first time. Soft confectionary gelatin gels were formulated and conventional (T-1) and non-conventional (SE, MSE and Spin Diffusion) TD-NMR experiments were performed. Corn syrups with different glucose/fructose compositions were used to prepare the soft candies. Hardness, degrees Brix (degrees Bx), and water activity (a(w)) measurements were also conducted complementary to NMR experiments. Relaxation times changed (p < 0.05) with respect to syrup type with no obvious trend. SE/MSE experiments were performed to calculate the crystallinity of the samples. Samples prepared with fructose had the lowest crystallinity values (p < 0.05). Spin Diffusion experiments were performed by using Goldman-Shen pulse sequence and the interface thickness (d) was calculated. Interface thickness values showed a wide range of variation (p < 0.05). Results showed that non-conventional NMR approaches had high potential to be utilized in food systems for quality control purposes

Non-Conventional Time Domain (TD)-NMR Approaches for Food Quality: Case of Gelatin-Based Candies as a Model Food

The TD-NMR technique mostly involves the use of T-1 (spin-lattice) and T-2 (spin-spin) relaxation times to explain the changes occurring in food systems. However, these relaxation times are affected by many factors and might not always be the best indicators to work with in food-related TD-NMR studies. In this study, the non-conventional TD-NMR approaches of Solid Echo (SE)/Magic Sandwich Echo (MSE) and Spin Diffusion in food systems were used for the first time. Soft confectionary gelatin gels were formulated and conventional (T-1) and non-conventional (SE, MSE and Spin Diffusion) TD-NMR experiments were performed. Corn syrups with different glucose/fructose compositions were used to prepare the soft candies. Hardness, degrees Brix (degrees Bx), and water activity (a(w)) measurements were also conducted complementary to NMR experiments. Relaxation times changed (p < 0.05) with respect to syrup type with no obvious trend. SE/MSE experiments were performed to calculate the crystallinity of the samples. Samples prepared with fructose had the lowest crystallinity values (p < 0.05). Spin Diffusion experiments were performed by using Goldman-Shen pulse sequence and the interface thickness (d) was calculated. Interface thickness values showed a wide range of variation (p < 0.05). Results showed that non-conventional NMR approaches had high potential to be utilized in food systems for quality control purposes

Mixed Convection of Hybrid Nanofluids in an Annulus

&nbsp;In this study, mixed convection in an annulus formed by two horizontal isothermal cylinder surfaces and filled with hybrid nanofluids was examined with Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. The outer cylinder is rotating and inner cylinder is stationary. Influence of Rayleigh number, angular rotational speed of the outer cylinder, eccentricity of the inner cylinder, solid volume fractions of different nanoparticles (alumina, copper, hybrid particles between 0 and 0.02) on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were analyzed. It was observed that average heat transfer enhances with Rayleigh number, solid volume fractions of nanoparticles and eccentricity ratio and reduces as the angular rotational speed of the outer cylinder increases. Adding nanoparticles was found to be advantageous for lower values of Rayleigh number and higher values of angular rotational speed. At the highest volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles, average Nusselt number increases by 31.75 % when the inner cylinder center moves in +y direction. Nanofluid with hybrid nanoparticles gives heat transfer rates which are higher than that of with alumina and lower than that of with copper nanoparticles for the same volume fraction

An analysis on Free Convection Cooling of a 3×3 Heater Array in Rectangular Enclosure using Cu-EG-Water Nanofluid

This paper deals with the study of natural convection cooling of a discrete heater array in Cu-EG-water nanofluid filled rectangular enclosure. A 3 × 3 array of non-protruding heat sources is embedded on one of the vertical walls of the enclosure while the top horizontal and opposite vertical walls are assumed to be isothermally cold. The remaining portions in which the heaters are mounted and all other walls are insulated. The above setup is modeled into a system of partial differential equations which are solved numerically using finite volume method based on the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation (SIMPLE) algorithm and power law scheme. The wide range of parameters for computation are the aspect ratio of the enclosure, the mixture proportion of Ethylene glycol-water, the solid volume fraction of the nanoparticle along with two different thermal conductivity models. It is observed that the proper choice of the computation parameters and thermal conductivity models could be able to maximize the heat transfer rate from the heater array. Also, the results obtained in this study will provide new guidelines in the field of electronic equipment cooling

Düşük Rezolüsyonlu NMR Relaksometre ve Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG) Teknikleri Kullanarak D- Psikoz (Nadir Şeker) içeren Glike Protein ve Şekerleme Ürünleri Tasarımı ve Bu Ürünlerin Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Karakterizasyonu

TÜBİTAK TOVAG Proje15.06.2019Nadir şeker, doğada yaygın olarak bulunmayan monosakkaritleri kapsayan şeker grubunaverilen genel addır. Meyve şekeri fruktozun C-3 epimeri olan ve nadir bir şeker olan D-Psikozun (alluloz) tatlılığı sakarozun %70?ine denk gelmektedir. Kalori değeri ise 0.39 kCal/golan D-Psikozun, vücutta yağ toplanmasını ve kandaki glikoz seviyesini azaltmada etkisiolduğu ve ısıl işlem sonucunda oluşturduğu bileşenlerin antioksidatif etki gösterdiği yapılanaraştırmalarla gösterilmiştir. A.B.D Gıda ve İlaç Komisyonu, 2012 yılında D-Psikozu GRAS (Güvenli olarak kabul edilebilir) statüsüne aldıktan sonra bu şekerin sakaroz yerinekullanımının önü açılmış olmuştur. D-Psikozun emilim metabolizması, sağlık üzerindekietkileri ve gıdalarda kullanımı ile ilgili araştırmalar Kagawa Üniversitesinde hala devametmektedir. D-Psikozun gıdalarda kullanımı ile ilgili Türkiye?de henüz herhangi bir araştırmayapılmadığı bilinmektedir. European Network on NMR Relaxometry COST aksiyonu çağrısıaltında önerilen bu projede, D-Psikoz ile formüle edilen farklı şekerleme ürünlerinintasarlanması ve bu ürünlerin fiziksel ve kimyasal karakterizasyonunun yapılmasıhedeflenmektedir. Bahsi geçen COST Aksiyonu NMR Relaksometre?nin gıda kalitesiaraştırmalarında kullanımını da kapsamaktadır. Proje kapsamında D-Psikoz kullanarak 2farklı ürün tasarlanacak ve bu ürünlerin farklı özellikleri incelenecektir. Proje kapsamında,soya proteini ve nişasta/pektin içeren jel yapıda yumuşak şekerlemeler ve D-Psikozla glikeolmuş soya proteini üretilecektir.Piyasada var olan şekerleme ürünlerinin çoğunun jelatintabanlı olduğu düşünüldüğünde soya proteini ile yapılacak bir şekerlemenin sektöre katmadeğeri olabileceği açıktır. Özellikle jelatinli ürün tüketmeyi tercih etmeyen kesimdüşünüldüğünde (vejetaryenler, veganlar) bu ürün şekerleme sektörü için bir yeniliksayılabilecektir. Soya proteini, nişasta ve pektin içeren şekerleme ürünlerine dair çalışmalarliteratürde mevcuttur. Proje kapsamında geliştirilecek ürünün, D-Psikoz içerecek olması,şekerlemelerin hem D-Psikozla glike olmuş hem de olmamış soya proteini ile hazırlanacakolması projenin yenilikçi yönünü artırmakla beraber projeye özgünlük kazandırmaktadır.Rare sugar is a generic name of a sugar group consisting of monosaccharides that is notwidely found in nature. The sweetness of rare sugar D-Psicose, which is the C-3 epimer offruit sugar fructose, is equivalent to the 70% of the sweetness of sucrose. Through thecarried out researches, it was revealed that; D-Psicose, which has a calorific value of 0.39kCal/g, had an effect on reduction of blood glucose level and body fat accumulation and alsoproducts formed when D-Psicose was heated in the presence of proteins were found to showsignificant antioxidative effect. In 2012, it was announced that D-Psicose would be classifiedas GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA),which paved the way for D-Psicose as an alternative to sucrose. There has not been anyresearch conducted on the use of D-Psicose in Turkey to date. This project, presented underthe COST Action of ‘European Network on NMR Relaxometry, aims to carry out research, onthe design of different confectionary products formulized with D-Psicose and on thecharacterization of the physical, chemical and health effects of these products. In the scopeof this project, 2 different products will be designed by using D-Psicose and differentproperties of these products will be examined. Soy protein that is glycated with D-Psicoseand a soft-gel structured confectionary product containing soy protein, starch/pectin and D-Psicose will be formulated. Considering that most of the confectionary products in the marketare gelatin based, it is clear that a confectionary product made with soy protein will possiblyprovide added value to the industry. Especially, in consideration of some segments of thepopulation that prefer not to consume gelatin-containing products, this product has a definitetarget group. There are studies on confectionary products containing soy protein, starch andpectin in the literature but no studies on the use of D-Psicose in soy based confectioneryproducts have been reported

Excitations of optically driven atomic condensate in a cavity: theory of photodetection measurements

Recent experiments have demonstrated an open system realization of the Dicke quantum phase transition in the motional degrees of freedom of an optically driven Bose-Einstein condensate in a cavity. Relevant collective excitations of this light-matter system are polaritonic in nature, allowing access to the quantum critical behavior of the Dicke model through light leaking out of the cavity. This opens the path to using photodetection based quantum optical techniques to study the dynamics and excitations of this elementary quantum critical system. We first discuss the photon flux observed at the cavity face and find that it displays a different scaling law near criticality than that obtained from the mean field theory for the equivalent closed system. Next, we study the second order correlation measurements of photons leaking out of the cavity. Finally, we discuss a modulation technique that directly captures the softening of polaritonic excitations. Our analysis takes into account the effect of the finite size of the system which may result in an effective symmetry breaking term.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Analytical approach for entropy generation and heat transfer in CNT-nanofluid dynamics through a ciliated porous medium

The transportation of biological and industrial nanofluids by natural propulsion like cilia movement and self-generated contraction-relaxation of flexible walls has significant applications in numerous emerging technologies. Inspired by multi-disciplinary progress and innovation in this direction, a thermo-fluid mechanical model is proposed to study the entropy generation and convective heat transfer of nanofluids fabricated by the dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) nanoparticles in water as the base fluid. The regime studied comprises heat transfer and steady, viscous, incompressible flow, induced by metachronal wave propulsion due to beating cilia, through a cylindrical tube containing a sparse (i.e. high permeability) homogenous porous medium. The flow is of the creeping type and is restricted under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. Slip effects at the wall are incorporated and the generalized Darcy drag-force model is utilized to mimic porous media effects. Cilia boundary conditions for velocity components are employed to determine analytical solutions to the resulting non-dimensionalized boundary value problem. The influence of pertinent physical parameters on temperature, axial velocity, pressure rise and pressure gradient, entropy generation function, Bejan number and stream-line distributions are computed numerically. A comparative study between SWCNT nanofluids and pure water is also computed. The computations demonstrate that axial flow is accelerated with increasing slip parameter and Darcy number and is greater for SWCNT- nanofluids than for pure water. Furthermore the size of the bolus for SWCNT-nanofluids is larger than that of the pure water. The study is applicable in designing and fabricating nanoscale and microfluidics devices, artificial cilia and biomimetic micro-pump

Establishing an online resource to facilitate global collaboration and inclusion of underrepresented populations:Experience from the MJFF Global Genetic Parkinson's Disease Project

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder, currently affecting ~7 million people worldwide. PD is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with at least 10% of all cases explained by a monogenic cause or strong genetic risk factor. However, the vast majority of our present data on monogenic PD is based on the investigation of patients of European White ancestry, leaving a large knowledge gap on monogenic PD in underrepresented populations. Gene-targeted therapies are being developed at a fast pace and have started entering clinical trials. In light of these developments, building a global network of centers working on monogenic PD, fostering collaborative research, and establishing a clinical trial-ready cohort is imperative. Based on a systematic review of the English literature on monogenic PD and a successful team science approach, we have built up a network of 59 sites worldwide and have collected information on the availability of data, biomaterials, and facilities. To enable access to this resource and to foster collaboration across centers, as well as between academia and industry, we have developed an interactive map and online tool allowing for a quick overview of available resources, along with an option to filter for specific items of interest. This initiative is currently being merged with the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2), which will attract additional centers with a focus on underrepresented sites. This growing resource and tool will facilitate collaborative research and impact the development and testing of new therapies for monogenic and potentially for idiopathic PD patients.</p

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson?s disease

Although over 90 independent risk variants have been identified for Parkinson’s disease using genome-wide association studies, most studies have been performed in just one population at a time. Here we performed a large-scale multi-ancestry meta-analysis of Parkinson’s disease with 49,049 cases, 18,785 proxy cases and 2,458,063 controls including individuals of European, East Asian, Latin American and African ancestry. In a meta-analysis, we identified 78 independent genome-wide significant loci, including 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) and fine-mapped 6 putative causal variants at 6 known PD loci. By combining our results with publicly available eQTL data, we identified 25 putative risk genes in these novel loci whose expression is associated with PD risk. This work lays the groundwork for future efforts aimed at identifying PD loci in non-European populations