Corrosion behaviour of coatings on 304 steel

The aim of this study is to determine the corrosion characteristics of 304 steel by the methods of Tafel extrapolation, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The steel surface is covered with nickel as electrochemical Watt's bath. Additionally, polyaniline (PANI) is synthesized on the steel electrode covered with nickel by the method of electrochemical cyclic voltammetry method. The effect of single and double coats of steel on corrosion resistance is examined in 3.5 % NaCl, 1N NaOH and 1N HCl solutions for the waiting time of 1, 48, 120 and 168 h. The surface morphology of steel, which is uncovered, is examined by SEM-EDX and the polyaniline is also examined in the same way. As well as the one covered with Ni + polyaniline is examined in the same way too. The synthesized polyaniline on the surface is analyzed by FTIR spectrum. Double coatings (Ni + polyaniline) has showed better corrosion resistance than single coating (polyaniline). Ni + polyaniline coatings in 1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl solutions has showed better corrosion resistance than polyaniline coating. The corrosion current of the steel covered with Ni + polyaniline in 1 N HCl and 1 N NaOH solutions is lower than the corrosion current of polyaniline coating. SEM-EDX analyses have showed that the surface covered with Ni + polyaniline is more homogenous and compact. This result is also convenient with the electrochemical experiment results

Kronik hepatit B’li hastalarda karaciğer fibrozunun teşhis edilmesi için non-invaziv bir yöntem olarak portal venöz debinin değerlendirilmesi

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between portal venous flow (PVF), which could be measured non-invasively with Doppler ultrasound, and the degree of fibrosis obtained by biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis (CHB). Materials and Methods: The study included 133 patients with CHB. During the Doppler evaluation, PVF was calculated in addition to routine measurements. The patients were divided into two groups according to the degree of fibrosis based on the biopsy results: F0 and F1 (first group) and F2, F3 and F4 (second group). The Doppler ultrasound findings obtained from all patients were compared with the pathology results. Results: The mean PVF was measured as 688.38 +/- 608.2 mL/ minute. An inverse correlation was detected between PVF and liver fibrosis degree (p<0.0001, Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.47). In the receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 71.1% (95% confidence interval: 55.6%-83.6%). The cut-off value for PVF was calculated as 480 mL/minute, at which it had a sensitivity of 57.8% and specificity of 100%. Conclusion: We considered that the decrease we showed in PVF in our study could be used as a non-invasive evaluation method in the differentiation of mild and significant fibrosis in non-cirrhotic patients

Kompozit Malzemelerin Ağız, Yüz, Çene Cerrahisinde Kullanımı ve Malzeme Uygunluklarının Belirlenmesi

Kompozit malzemeler; belirli bir amaca yönelik olarak en az iki farklı malzemenin bir araya getirilmesiyle meydana gelen malzeme grubudur. Üç boyutlu nitelikteki bu bir araya getirmede amaç, bileşenlerin hiç birinde tek başına mevcut olmayan bir özelliğin elde edilmesidir. Diğer bir deyişle, amaçlanan doğrultuda bileşenlerin daha üstün özelliklere sahip bir malzeme üretilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Gün geçtikçe artan kullanım alanlarına cerrahi işlem ve uygulamalar da eklenmektedir. Bu çalışma ile kompozit malzemelerin ağız, yüz ve çene cerrahisinde kullanımında meydana gelen eğilme ve çekme özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca yeni nesil olarak tabir edilen kompozit malzemelerin çene cerrahisi ve yüz doku kaybında detek, ana unsur ve uygulama malzemesi olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılacaktır. Çene cerrahisinde plak olarak kullanılan metal malzemelerin ve implant üst yapılarının da kompozit malzeme olarak kullanılması durumundaki yeterlilikleri metal grubu olan benzerleriyle karşılaştırılarak mekanik malzeme özellikleri, ömür ve dayanım açısından kıyas yapılacaktır. Böylelikle metal grubu olan benzerlerine göre kullanım alanlarının kompozit malzemeler için genişletilmesi amaçlanmıştır

The role of multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infections for cervical biopsies and findings in colposcopic procedures

Objective: The clinical outcome of high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) infection varies according to genotype(s). Patients may harbor either one single hr-HPV (s-HPV) or multiple HPV (m-HPV) genotypes. Recently, the relationship between m-HPV infections and high-grade dysplasia has been investigated, and controversial results have been obtained. Therefore, the clinical significance of m-HPV is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate which group is associated with higher grade dysplasia by analyzing colposcopic punch biopsies. Material and Methods: A total of 690 patients who were scheduled for a diagnostic excisional procedure between April 2016 and January 2019 due to the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2/3) in colposcopy were included. Patients who were not scheduled for colposcopic examination or cervical punch biopsy, or who were scheduled for an excisional procedure due to smear-biopsy incompatibility or persistent low-grade dysplasia were excluded. Patients with a negative HPV test and an unknown HPV genotype were also excluded. Results: Among the patients scheduled for excision (n=404), 74.5% had a s-HPV and 25.5% had a m-HPV infection. The proportion of CIN 1, 2 and 3 per patient in the m-HPV group was significantly higher than the s-HPV group (p=0.017). When this analysis was made for the number of CIN 2+3 per patient in the s-HPV and m-HPV groups, it was 1.29 (389/301) and 1.36 (140/103), respectively, and no difference was found (p=0.491). Conclusion: Patients in the m-HPV group, who underwent more colposcopic cervical biopsies, had higher numbers of CIN lesions, regardless of age and cytology results

The Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Birth Weight and Estimation of Heritability and Repeatability for Birth Weight of Akkaraman Sheep in Konya Province

In this research, the effects of dam age and type of birth and sex of lambs on birth weight of Akkaraman lambs was investigated at village conditions in Konya province. Additionally, the heritability and repeatability of birth weight was estimated. The Least-squares means of birth weight was 4.07±0.04 kg. The effects of dam age, year, birth type and sex on birth weight were found statistically significant. The heritability and repeatability of birth weight were found as 0.052±0.04 and 0.130±0.04, respectively

Antibacterial Effects of Fluoride-Releasing Orthodontic Composites: A Pilot Study

Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 3 different fluoride-releasing orthodontic composites using a direct contact test (DCT).Materials and Methods:The antibacterial properties of fluoride releasing orthodontic composites were evaluated with the DCT. For the DCT, wells (n=8) of 96-microtitre plates were coated with the tested bonding adhesives [Transbond Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) Light Bond (Reliance Ortho Prod. Inc. Itasca, IL, USA) Kurasper F (Kuraray Medical Inc. Okayama, Japan)]. Kalzinol (Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Cement) (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany was used as a positive control material. A Streptococcus mutans suspension was placed on the surface of each specimen for 1 hour at 37°C. Bacterial growth was monitored for 16 hours with a temperature-controlled microplate spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the outgrowth in each well was recorded continuously at 650 nm every 30 minutes. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, as well as by Tamhane's T2 multiple comparison test. The level of significance was determined as P < 0.05.Results:The evaluation of the results of the DCT revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the four groups (F= 156,951, P= 0.000). The control material (Kalzinol) showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth (mean 0.01 ±0.05). The multiple comparison test indicated that there were no significant difference in bacterial growth between Kalzinol and Transbond Plus (mean 0.12±0.17) (P= 0.509).. Kurasper F (mean 0.73±0.06) and Light Bond (mean 0.85±0.02) showed statistically significant differences (P= 0.000) compared to Kalzinol.Conclusion:Transbond Plus showed marked antibacterial effects

Antifungal susceptibilities and identification of Candida species by using maldi-tof microbial identification system from cervicovaginal samples

Background: Among the vaginal diseases seen in women, candidiasis is in the first place. This disease, which is caused by Candida species, can sometimes persist very stubbornly. The aim of this study was to determine Candida species isolated from vaginal specimens by using VITEK MS (MALDI-TOF Microbial Identification System) rapid identification system and to evaluate their susceptibility to some antifungals.Methods: In this study, 220 cervicovaginal swab were used. Isolates were identified by VITEK MS rapid identification system. After identification, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the M-44 A2 guideline of The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: Total 16.3% (36) of Candida spp. positivity was determined from 220 cervicovaginal samples, and 25 (69.4%) C. glabrata, 6 (16.7%) C. albicans, 3 (8.3%) C. kefyr and 2 (5.6%) C. krusei were obtained with Vitek MS. All identified C. albicans strains were found to be completely resistant to all antifungals used except nystatin agent, C. krusei strains were found to be resistant to flucytosine but sensitive to all other antifungals, C. glabrata and C. kefyr strains were susceptible to all antifungals within the antifungals used in this study.Conclusions: It is concluded that it is necessary to distinguish Candida species in order to apply a correct treatment. And species selection is very important for the selection of antifungal to be used. Nystatin is recommended if no laboratory tests are to be performed for the diagnosis of Vaginal Candidiasis

Assessment of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in patients with preeclampsia: A prospective study

WOS: 000396801700013PubMed ID: 29746027Purpose of investigation: To determine the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in preeclampsia (PE) using (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two pregnant women with severe PE, 18 pregnant women with mild PE, and 40 healthy pregnant women, all between 25 and 41 weeks of gestation, were enrolled in this prospective controlled study. 8-OHdG levels in maternal serum were measured using ELISA method. Results: The authors observed no statistically significant difference in 8-OHdG levels between the mild-severe PE and control groups (p = 0.208). Conclusion: The present results do not support the concept that 8-OHdG has a role in the etiopathogenesis of PE.Gaziantep University [TF. 13. 25]This study was granted by the project research unit of Gaziantep University (project number TF. 13. 25)

Long-Term Antibacterial Effects of Different Orthodontic Cements

Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of different orthodontic cements using a direct contact test (DCT).Materials and Methods:The antibacterial properties of 6 orthodontic cements were evaluated with DCT. For the DCT, wells (n=8) of 96-microtiter plates were coated with the tested cements (Durelon, Ketac-Cem Radiopaque, GC Fuji Ortho Band LC Paste Pak, Meron, Ultra Band Lok, and 3M Unitek Multi Cure). A Streptococcus mutans suspension was placed on the surface of each specimen for 1 hour at 37°C. Bacterial growth was monitored for 16 hours with a temperature-controlled microplate spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the outgrowth in each well was recorded continuously at 650 nm every 30 minutes. Additional experiments were performed in which the tested materials were aged for 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and Tamhane's T2 multiple comparison test.Results:The results of the DCT showed that, freshly mixed samples of 3M Multi Cure (P=0.02), GC Fuji Ortho (P=0.04), Meron (P=0.001), and Durelon (P=0.001) showed antibacterial activity. After aging for one week 3M Unitek Multi Cure (P=0.000), Durelon (P=0.03) still showed antibacterial activity. In the experiments with 1 month aged specimens, only Durelon (P=0.001) showed antibacterial activity. In the 3 months aged specimens, 3M Multi Cure (P=0.000), GC Fuji Ortho (P=0.001), and Durelon (P=0.001) showed antibacterial property.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, 3M Unitek Multi Cure, GC Fuji Ortho, and Durelon, showed antibacterial properties during study period

Neurobiological Components of Sexual Identity Development and Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Stressors

In this review, we explore the intricate development of sexual identity, drawing insights from genetic, endocrinological, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological studies. Gender identity, encapsulating an individual's internal perception as male or female, undergoes a nuanced and gradual formation, commencing early in life and progressing through distinct stages. Gender nonconformity delineates behaviors that diverge from culturally prescribed norms, while gender dysphoria encompasses the emotional distress experienced by some individuals due to a mismatch between their gender identity and assigned sex at birth. The genesis of sexual identity involves multifaceted processes spanning numerous years. Human sex differentiation involves the suppression or inactivation of specific genes, a phenomenon illuminated by genetic investigations into gender dysphoria, which have shown comparable rates of genetic variations to the general population. Nevertheless, twin studies suggest an augmented likelihood of transsexuality among family members, hinting at potential environmental influences. Brain sexual differentiation occurs during mid-to-late pregnancy due to the impact of gonadal hormones. The mechanisms underpinning the loss of feminine brain characteristics and subsequent masculinization likely involve a combination of factors, indicating a complex interplay rather than a singular cause. Studies propose that human sexual behavior is not governed by a solitary gene but rather by a network of genes dispersed across the genome. Notably, disparities in brain structures, functionalities between genders, as well as variations in endocrine and serotonin-dopamine levels, are implicated in the etiology of gender dysphoria, contributing to the understanding of this complex phenomenon situated between genders