From Teacher to Trainer: What Changes? Or Does It?

AbstractTime on the job does not ensure professional growth and successful teachers are those who continue to develop throughout their professional lives (Ur, 1991). The little research on the characteristics and competencies of successful trainers who guide teachers through their professional growth conclude that the knowledge and competencies of effective trainers are similar to those of effective teachers (Leach, 1996).This study investigates (1) whether the qualities, skills and knowledge systems that effective teacher educators possess are similar to those attributed to successful teachers, (2) whether experience impacts trainers’ perceptions of the qualities, skills and knowledge that effective teacher educators have, and (3) whether these perceptions relate to the expectations of teachers as regards trainer qualities and competencies.Data were collected through a survey in which trainers were asked to list the qualities, skills and knowledge domains of effective teacher trainers, and to choose the top 10 most important in each category. The responses were collated to determine frequency and importance, and examined statistically to see whether experience played a significant role in choice and rating. The qualities, skills and knowledge domains that emerged from the survey were compiled to form a questionnaire and administered to teachers with varying levels of experience. The findings from this questionnaire were compared with findings from the survey. The results yielded implications for both the selection of potential teacher trainers as well as the content of trainer training programs

Is the expression of placental epithelial and lymphoid markers associated with the perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia?

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of the epithelial and lymphoid immune markers with the adverse perinatal conditions such as early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in preeclampsia in the placentae of preeclamptic patients. Material and methods: A total of 60 pregnant patients were included in this study. The immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the expression levels of CD4, CD8, CD4 / CD8, CD68, P53, MDM2, CK18, CK19, E-cadherin, and β-catenin. Results: In our study, the increase in E-cadherin expression in the preeclamptic fetal-maternal placental region was associated with EOPE and FGR development preeclampsia and the decrease in the expression of CD4 and CD8, which are involved in the local immunomodulation, was associated with IUFD. Conclusions: Our data reveal that the increase in the expression of CK18, CK19, E-cadherin, and β-catenin and the decrease in CD4 and CD8 play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

Cantrell’s pentalogy: A case report

Cantrell’s pentalogy is a rare congenital malformation which consists of the supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, the defect in the lower sternum, the agenesis of the anterior portion of the diaphragm, the absence of the diaphragmatic part of the pericardium, and the structural cardiac anomaly. This congenital malformation has a high mortality rate of in the postnatal period. Its etiopathogenesis is not yet certain. It is thought to be due to the lack or inadequacy of the migration of lateral mesoderm in the early weeks of pregnancy. Five main phenotypic findings of Cantrell’s pentalogy may not always be present in the affected cases because of the alterations in the migration defects. The subjects diagnosed with Cantrell’s pentalogy can be examined in three categories based on the phenotypic features. This is a case report of a 13-week-old pregnancy which is diagnosed with Cantrell’s pentalogy due to the presence of cystic hygroma, ectopia cordis, omphalocele and atrioventricular septal defect.Cantrell pentalojisi; supraumbilikal torako-abdominal duvar defekti, diyafram ön kısmının olmaması, perikardın diyaframla ilişkili parçasının olmaması, sternum alt bölgesinde defekt ve kalp anomalileri ile tanımlanan, nadir görülen ve postnatal dönemde mortalite oranı yüksek seyreden bir doğumsal malformasyondur. Etyopatogenezi tam olarak bilinmese de gebeliğin erken haftalarında lateral mezodermin migrasyonundaki yetersizliğe ya da eksikliğe bağlı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Migrasyon yetersizliğindeki defekte ve oluştuğu gestasyonel haftadaki değişikliğe bağlı olarak, yukarıda sayılan beş ana fenotipik bulgu her zaman görülmeyebilir. Cantrell pentalojisi, kendi arasında görülen fenotipik özelliklere göre üç sınıfa ayrılır. Bu olgu sunumunda kistik higroma, ektopia kordis, atrioventriküler septal defekt ve omfalosel nedeniyle sevk edilen ve Cantrell pentalojisi tanısı konulan 13 haftalık bir gebelik tarif edilmiştir

Is the low AMH level associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in obese pregnants?

Our aim was to investigate whether Antimullerian Hormone (AMH), complete blood count (CBC), Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and weight gain have any diagnostic value for the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese and non-obese pregnant patients. A prospective, case-control study was carried out, including 187 patients (93 obese, and 94 non-obese). CVD risk for each patient was evaluated according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors of CVD in obese and non-obese patients. The obese patients had significantly lower levels of AMH when compared to the non-obese ones (p = .002). Insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and SBP were significantly higher in obese patients than non-obese ones (p < .001, p < .001 and p = .001, respectively). Age, SBP, and decreased AMH levels had significantly associated with risk factors of CVD in the obese group (p = .001, p = .002, and p = .049, respectively). Our study suggests that decreased AMH levels, increased age, and SBP are associated with CVD in obese patients. AMH may be used to evaluate CVD risk in advanced aged, obese patients.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Obesity is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. Obesity increases maternal complications such as preeclampsia, caesarean rate, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes after pregnancy; and neonatal complications including macrosomia, hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, delivery trauma, shoulder dystocia, and adult-onset obesity, and diabetes. Obese patients have lower serum AMH levels. What the results of this study add? A significant relationship between AMH levels and CVD risk in obese pregnant women was observed. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Based on this finding, we concluded that decreased AMH levels are predictive for CVD in obese pregnant women

Monochorionic monoamniotic twins circumvallate placenta and conglomerated umbilical cord

If one of the fetuses is determined to be death in a twin pregnancy, chorionicity and amniotic number should be detected. Early birth should be planned when MCMA twin pregnancy is encountered. As a result, serial ultrasound and Doppler examinations are not enough to detect any fetal complications or fetal death in MCMA twin pregnanc

Cantrell’s pentalogy: A case report

Cantrell’s pentalogy is a rare congenital malformation which consists of the supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, the defect in the lower sternum, the agenesis of the anterior portion of the diaphragm, the absence of the diaphragmatic part of the pericardium, and the structural cardiac anomaly. This congenital malformation has a high mortality rate of in the postnatal period. Its etiopathogenesis is not yet certain. It is thought to be due to the lack or inadequacy of the migration of lateral mesoderm in the early weeks of pregnancy. Five main phenotypic findings of Cantrell’s pentalogy may not always be present in the affected cases because of the alterations in the migration defects. The subjects diagnosed with Cantrell’s pentalogy can be examined in three categories based on the phenotypic features. This is a case report of a 13-week-old pregnancy which is diagnosed with Cantrell’s pentalogy due to the presence of cystic hygroma, ectopia cordis, omphalocele and atrioventricular septal defect.Cantrell pentalojisi; supraumbilikal torako-abdominal duvar defekti, diyafram ön kısmının olmaması, perikardın diyaframla ilişkili parçasının olmaması, sternum alt bölgesinde defekt ve kalp anomalileri ile tanımlanan, nadir görülen ve postnatal dönemde mortalite oranı yüksek seyreden bir doğumsal malformasyondur. Etyopatogenezi tam olarak bilinmese de gebeliğin erken haftalarında lateral mezodermin migrasyonundaki yetersizliğe ya da eksikliğe bağlı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Migrasyon yetersizliğindeki defekte ve oluştuğu gestasyonel haftadaki değişikliğe bağlı olarak, yukarıda sayılan beş ana fenotipik bulgu her zaman görülmeyebilir. Cantrell pentalojisi, kendi arasında görülen fenotipik özelliklere göre üç sınıfa ayrılır. Bu olgu sunumunda kistik higroma, ektopia kordis, atrioventriküler septal defekt ve omfalosel nedeniyle sevk edilen ve Cantrell pentalojisi tanısı konulan 13 haftalık bir gebelik tarif edilmiştir