An assessment of spatial relationship between lung cancer incidence rate and quality of urban life: Izmir case

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Izmir, 2013Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 130-138)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxvi, 152 leavesThe study assesses spatial clusters of lung cancer incidences within Izmir province on the basis of districts and also neighborhood using an objective sets of quality of life indicators. Lung cancer data, approximately 18.000 cases, were acquired from the Izmir Cancer Registry Center (ICRC) between the years of 1992-2007. Cases have been confirmed in terms of accuracy by World Health Organization (WHO). As objective indicator data, point source air pollution data acquired from the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality database between the years of 1993-2007. Besides, socio-economic statistics data were obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) regional indicators (2000,2007) and Izmir Metropolitan Municipality city health profile (2007). The datasets were used to determine whether there is a significant spatial relationship between cancer case density and environmental contamination. This thesis uses spatial statistical models and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques to analyze population-based cancer incidence rate. Additionally, Age Standardized Incidence (ASR) of the lung cancer was calculated. Spatial autocorrelation technique was performed to investigate local distribution of lung cancer. Results of the study suggest that spatial clusters of lung cancer were detected in geographic locations with low level environmental quality and high level socio-economic profile. Then, the results are discussed in terms of life quality and environmental quality of Izmir. The results of this study are useful for interdisciplinary researchers, epidemiological studies, policymakers and governmental agencies in terms of health and environmental assessment, regulation and control of spatial strategies

An assessment of spatial relationship between lung cancer incidence rate and quality of urban life: Izmir case

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Izmir, 2013Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 130-138)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxvi, 152 leavesThe study assesses spatial clusters of lung cancer incidences within Izmir province on the basis of districts and also neighborhood using an objective sets of quality of life indicators. Lung cancer data, approximately 18.000 cases, were acquired from the Izmir Cancer Registry Center (ICRC) between the years of 1992-2007. Cases have been confirmed in terms of accuracy by World Health Organization (WHO). As objective indicator data, point source air pollution data acquired from the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality database between the years of 1993-2007. Besides, socio-economic statistics data were obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) regional indicators (2000,2007) and Izmir Metropolitan Municipality city health profile (2007). The datasets were used to determine whether there is a significant spatial relationship between cancer case density and environmental contamination. This thesis uses spatial statistical models and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques to analyze population-based cancer incidence rate. Additionally, Age Standardized Incidence (ASR) of the lung cancer was calculated. Spatial autocorrelation technique was performed to investigate local distribution of lung cancer. Results of the study suggest that spatial clusters of lung cancer were detected in geographic locations with low level environmental quality and high level socio-economic profile. Then, the results are discussed in terms of life quality and environmental quality of Izmir. The results of this study are useful for interdisciplinary researchers, epidemiological studies, policymakers and governmental agencies in terms of health and environmental assessment, regulation and control of spatial strategies

CBS tabanlı mekansal hakçalık haritalanması ve mahalle ölçeğinde park tahsisi: İzmir örneği

Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City Planning, Izmir, 2019Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 92-100)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and EnglishDecision making and implementation processes of allocation of neighborhood parks are significant in urban planning. Neighborhood parks contribute to the continuity of biodiversity and improvement of individual/communal physical, social and mental health. Such green public areas in the city are planned under the influence of multi-factors that do not always prioritize these significances and accessibility of these areas for various social groups. As in the case of Izmir City (Turkey), ultimately, there are spatial inequity among neighborhoods in terms of the existence of public green areas. The areas with limited size of neighborhood parks have often high percentages of children, elderly and low-income—that is the social groups that need to get access in walking distance and benefit from these areas. This study conceptualize these areas as ‘park poor’ and the potential user groups as need groups. This study argues that it is possible to develop accessible new green areas in already developed “park-poor” urban areas. Using tools of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and relying on need-based equity approach, this study presents a GIS based procedure to assess the accessibility to existing park areas and to allocate new neighborhood parks at the neighborhood level in “park-poor” areas of Izmir (Turkey). It contributes to the discussions about the spatial equity mapping and accessibility to areas as part of environmental justice issues. Also, arguing that urban green areas are public resources, this study emphasizes that urban planning policies must re-plan neighborhood parks based on the need-based equity that favors accessibility of neighborhood parks primarily by children, elderly, women and low income groups. Moreover, this study differs greatly from earlier studies about its spatial scale of investigation and use of data. This study suggests park provision procedure in park-poor neighborhoods. To develop these at the neighborhood-level, a set of spatial-statistical analyzes are developed using GISs.Mahalle parklarının tahsisinde karar verme ve uygulama süreçleri kentsel planlamada önemli bir konudur. Mahalle parkları, biyoçeşitliliğin sürekliliğine ve bireysel / toplumsal fiziksel, sosyal ve zihinsel sağlığın iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunur. Kentteki bu yeşil kamusal alanlar, bu önemlerini ve bu alanlara çeşitli sosyal grupların erişebilirliğini her zaman öncellemeyen birçok faktörün etkisiyle planlanmaktadır. Izmir İlinde (Türkiye) olduğu gibi, kamusal yeşil alan varlığı bakımından, mahalleler arasında mekansal eşitsizlik vardır. Mahalle parkı sınırlı olan alanlar genellikle yüksek çocuk, yaşlı ve düşük gelirli yüzdesine sahiptir - yani bu alanlara yürüme mesafesinde erişmeleri ve bu alanlardan öncelikli faydalanmaları gereken sosyal gruplar. Bu çalışma, bu alanları “park fakiri” ve potansiyel kullanıcı gruplarını “ihtiyaç grupları” olarak kavramlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, halihazırda “park fakiri” olan kentsel alanlarda, erişilebilir yeni yeşil alanlar geliştirmenin mümkün olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) araçlarını kullanarak ve ihtiyaca dayalı hakçalık yaklaşımına dayanarak, mevcut park alanlarının erişilebilirliği değerlendirmekte ve Izmir’in “park-fakiri” bölgelerinde yeni mahalle parkları tahsisi için CBS tabanlı bir prosedür sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mekansal hakçalığın haritalanması, çevresel adalet ve erişilebilirlik hakkındaki tartışmalara katkıda bulunuyor. Ayrıca, kentsel yeşil alanların kamu kaynakları olduğunu öne süren bu çalışma, kentsel planlama politikalarının mahalle parklarına öncelikle çocuklar, yaşlılar, çocuklu kadınlar ve düşük gelirli grupların erişimini destekleyen ihtiyaca dayalı hakçalık temelinde yeniden planlaması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma, araştırmanın mekansal ölçeği ve veri kullanım yöntemi ile önceki çalışmalardan büyük ölçüde farklılaşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, park alanlarının yetersiz olduğu mahallelerde park alanı tahsisi için bir prosedür önermektedir. Bunları mahalle ölçeğinde geliştirmek için, CBS tabanlı mekansal istatistik analizleri geliştirildi.TUBITAK (SOBAG/215K239

CBS tabanlı mekansal hakçalık haritalanması ve mahalle ölçeğinde park tahsisi: İzmir örneği

Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City Planning, Izmir, 2019Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 92-100)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and EnglishDecision making and implementation processes of allocation of neighborhood parks are significant in urban planning. Neighborhood parks contribute to the continuity of biodiversity and improvement of individual/communal physical, social and mental health. Such green public areas in the city are planned under the influence of multi-factors that do not always prioritize these significances and accessibility of these areas for various social groups. As in the case of Izmir City (Turkey), ultimately, there are spatial inequity among neighborhoods in terms of the existence of public green areas. The areas with limited size of neighborhood parks have often high percentages of children, elderly and low-income—that is the social groups that need to get access in walking distance and benefit from these areas. This study conceptualize these areas as ‘park poor’ and the potential user groups as need groups. This study argues that it is possible to develop accessible new green areas in already developed “park-poor” urban areas. Using tools of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and relying on need-based equity approach, this study presents a GIS based procedure to assess the accessibility to existing park areas and to allocate new neighborhood parks at the neighborhood level in “park-poor” areas of Izmir (Turkey). It contributes to the discussions about the spatial equity mapping and accessibility to areas as part of environmental justice issues. Also, arguing that urban green areas are public resources, this study emphasizes that urban planning policies must re-plan neighborhood parks based on the need-based equity that favors accessibility of neighborhood parks primarily by children, elderly, women and low income groups. Moreover, this study differs greatly from earlier studies about its spatial scale of investigation and use of data. This study suggests park provision procedure in park-poor neighborhoods. To develop these at the neighborhood-level, a set of spatial-statistical analyzes are developed using GISs.Mahalle parklarının tahsisinde karar verme ve uygulama süreçleri kentsel planlamada önemli bir konudur. Mahalle parkları, biyoçeşitliliğin sürekliliğine ve bireysel / toplumsal fiziksel, sosyal ve zihinsel sağlığın iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunur. Kentteki bu yeşil kamusal alanlar, bu önemlerini ve bu alanlara çeşitli sosyal grupların erişebilirliğini her zaman öncellemeyen birçok faktörün etkisiyle planlanmaktadır. Izmir İlinde (Türkiye) olduğu gibi, kamusal yeşil alan varlığı bakımından, mahalleler arasında mekansal eşitsizlik vardır. Mahalle parkı sınırlı olan alanlar genellikle yüksek çocuk, yaşlı ve düşük gelirli yüzdesine sahiptir - yani bu alanlara yürüme mesafesinde erişmeleri ve bu alanlardan öncelikli faydalanmaları gereken sosyal gruplar. Bu çalışma, bu alanları “park fakiri” ve potansiyel kullanıcı gruplarını “ihtiyaç grupları” olarak kavramlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, halihazırda “park fakiri” olan kentsel alanlarda, erişilebilir yeni yeşil alanlar geliştirmenin mümkün olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) araçlarını kullanarak ve ihtiyaca dayalı hakçalık yaklaşımına dayanarak, mevcut park alanlarının erişilebilirliği değerlendirmekte ve Izmir’in “park-fakiri” bölgelerinde yeni mahalle parkları tahsisi için CBS tabanlı bir prosedür sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mekansal hakçalığın haritalanması, çevresel adalet ve erişilebilirlik hakkındaki tartışmalara katkıda bulunuyor. Ayrıca, kentsel yeşil alanların kamu kaynakları olduğunu öne süren bu çalışma, kentsel planlama politikalarının mahalle parklarına öncelikle çocuklar, yaşlılar, çocuklu kadınlar ve düşük gelirli grupların erişimini destekleyen ihtiyaca dayalı hakçalık temelinde yeniden planlaması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma, araştırmanın mekansal ölçeği ve veri kullanım yöntemi ile önceki çalışmalardan büyük ölçüde farklılaşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, park alanlarının yetersiz olduğu mahallelerde park alanı tahsisi için bir prosedür önermektedir. Bunları mahalle ölçeğinde geliştirmek için, CBS tabanlı mekansal istatistik analizleri geliştirildi.TUBITAK (SOBAG/215K239

Trade openness, Urban concentration and city-size growth in Turkey

Aim of the present study is to investigate two important issues on urban concentration in Turkey. First, we investigate whether population tend to have an uneven distribution across cities between 1965-2012, second, we analyze the determinants of city-size growth by relating it to the process of trade liberalization and to a range of other socio-economic and geographical factors. In terms of methodology, we employ various cross sectional and spatial econometric tools to implement our analysis. Our results indicate three major conclusions: First, urban concentration tends to increase recently, leading to an unevenly growing cities and creating urban giants (i.e. Istanbul). Second, trade liberalization is shown to intensify this process since metropolitan areas, which are more open to trade, tend to grow faster than others. Third, specialization of cities in industrial activities (i.e. manufacturing) and economies of agglomeration are likely to reinforce the spatial concentration of population around larger cities