Applications of Ionizing Radiation in Mutation Breeding

As a predicted result of increasing population worldwide, improvements in the breeding strategies in agriculture are valued as mandatory. The natural resources are limited, and due to the natural disasters like sudden and severe abiotic stress factors, excessive floods, etc., the production capacities are changed per year. In contrast, the yield potential should be significantly increased to cope with this problem. Despite rich genetic diversity, manipulation of the cultivars through alternative techniques such as mutation breeding becomes important. Radiation is proven as an effective method as a unique method to increase the genetic variability of the species. Gamma radiation is the most preferred physical mutagen by plant breeders. Several mutant varieties have been successfully introduced into commercial production by this method. Combinational use of in vitro tissue culture and mutation breeding methods makes a significant contribution to improve new crops. Large populations and the target mutations can be easily screened and identified by new methods. Marker assisted selection and advanced techniques such as microarray, next generation sequencing methods to detect a specific mutant in a large population will help to the plant breeders to use ionizing radiation efficiently in breeding programs

Yabancı Uyruklu Öğrenciler ile Türk Öğrencilerin Birbirleri Hakkındaki Eğitim Algılarının Karşılaştırılması

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yabancı uyruklu öğrenciler ile Türk öğrencilerin sınıf ortamında birbirlerine yönelik algılarının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi seçilmiş, fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmış, yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formu ile sahadan veriler toplanarak içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 20 yabancı uyruklu öğrenci ve 20 Türk öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Farklı ülkelerden gelen öğrenciler ile Türk öğrencilerin sınıf ilişkileri, ders çalışma alışkanlıkları, sınıf ortamında iletişimleri gibi durumlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Görüşmeler neticesinde, Türk öğrenciler yabancı uyruklu öğrencileri çalışkan bulmuş; ders çalışma alışkanlıklarının günlük tekrar, kütüphaneye gitme, araştırma yapma olduğu görülmüş; sınıf ortamında kültürel farklılık kaynaklı sorun yaşamadıkları, ilişkilerinin olumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yabancı uyruklu öğrenciler, Türk öğrencilerin ders çalışmalarını yetersiz, ezberci bulmuş, sınıf ilişkilerini olumlu değerlendirmiştir

Interdependent relationship between action and power in Hannah Arendt's political thought

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This thesis analyzes the interdependent relation between action and power in Hannah Arendt’s political thought. In this study, it is argued that reading Arendt’s political theory by considering action as the only defining aspect of her understanding of politics is misleading. Power constitutes the public realm, and brings remedies to the unpredictability and individualism of action through mutual promising and recognition. In this respect, power relations provide recognition, evaluation and meaning for action in the public realm. Outside the context of power, action loses its revelatory function in disclosing the identity of an individual and retreats from the public realm.Çelik, ÖzgeM.S

STIMULATION OF RAPID REGENERATION BY A MAGNETIC FIELD IN PAULOWNIA NODE CULTURES

In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of magnetic fields on regeneration of Paulownia node cultures. Paulownia tomentosa node cultures were used to generate explants and these explants were passed through a 2.9- 4.6-mT magnetic flux density 1 and 9 times at 2.2 and 19.8 seconds, respectively. Chlorophyll quantities, total RNA concentrations of shoots and shoot formation rates from control and treated explants were determined. While the shoot formation rate was 61.9% in the control group, this rate was increased in magnetic field experiments and shoot formation was 82.5% in the explants that were exposed to a magnetic field for a 2.2 second period. However, the regeneration percentage of the explants exposed to a MF for a period of 19.8 s was 45%. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents of the 2.2 s group were increased in comparison to the control group. Total RNA concentrations of seedlings regenerated from treatment explants treated for 2.2 seconds significantly increased in comparison to the control (p<0.05). Our experiments show that the exposure duration to MFs is an important factor for plant tissue. MFs may be used in in vitro regeneration studies rapid and for a short time

Islamic Headcovering and Political Engagement: The Power of Social Networks

This article explores the relationship between headcovering and women’s political participation through an original online survey of 1,917 Muslim-American women. As a visible marker of religious group identity, wearing the headscarf can orient the integration of Muslim women into the American political system via its impact on the openness of their associational life. Our survey respondents who cover are more likely to form insular, strong ties with predominantly Muslim friend networks, which decreased their likelihood of voting and affiliating with a political party. Interestingly, frequency of mosque attendance across both covered and uncovered respondents is associated with a higher probability of political participation, an effect noted in other religious institutions in the United States. Yet, mosque attendance can simultaneously decrease the political engagement of congregants if they are steered into exclusively religious friend groups. This discovery reveals a tension within American Muslim religious life and elaborates on the role of religious institutions vs. social networks in politically mobilizing Muslim-Americans

Life Skills in Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy is a health profession that uses the purposeful activities to achieve multiple and complex rehabilitation aims. The main goals of the occupational therapy are to support the reintegration of individuals in daily living skills as well as to increase their independence and autonomy. Interventions of occupational therapists have primarily focused on self-care, productivity, and leisure time activities. Since the life skills includes a wide range of abilities that enable a person to perform personal care and more complicated tasks such as traveling, shopping, community participation etc., occupational therapists provide life skills training programs to meet the needs of the clients. This chapter aims to contribute to the current understanding and practices of life skills from an occupational therapy perspective. The chapter starts with a brief discussion of the importance of life skills in occupational therapy. After this introduction, the first part takes a look at the definition of life skills and identifies core components of life skills. The second part describes assessment and interventions of life skills. The third one gives an overview about school life skills programs for children and adolescents. Finally, the last part explains some life skills programs in people with disadvantages

The Complexity of Covering: The Religious, Social, and Political Dynamics of Islamic Practice in the United States

Mainstream American perception often views Islamic head covering as a controversial practice indicative of gender repression and norms violating individual rights. Practicing Muslims counter that head covering expresses piety, modesty, and protection. Recent scholarship affirms the complexity of the practice, and reveals that the motivations behind donning the headscarf span the religious, social, and political realms for Muslim women.Methods.We explore the motivations for the practice among American Muslims, examining the way religious, social, and political life interact and reinforce one another, using data from an online survey of 1,847 Muslim-American women from 49 states.Results.Our findings demonstrate that religiosity is not a monolithic factor, and religious practices interact with and enforce head covering in complex ways. We illustrate that conventionally understood indicators of Islamic religiosity align along three dimensions: religious lifestyle, religious abstinence, and religious socialization. Elements of a religious lifestyle, such as praying and attending mosque as well as fostering connections with Islamic social networks, are more strongly associated with covering than practices related to abstinence or socialization.Conclusions.Ultimately, our research demonstrates a more nuanced understanding of how different aspects of Muslim religiosity condition covering among Muslim-American women

Concise review: β cell replacement therapies in treatment of diabetes mellitus

Metabolic rate of glucose uptake is generally controlled by a feedback mechanism covering islet β cells and insulinsensitive tissues, wherein tissue sensitivity to insulin influences the level of β-cell comeback. In case of insulin presence, β cells preserve standard glucose tolerance via enhancing insulin production. Even though β-cell dysfunction has a strong hereditary component, environmental alterations carry an important part as well. Current research methods have facilitated to establish the important part of hexoses, amino acids, and fatty acids in the development of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, therefore more operative treatments to slow the progressive loss of β-cell function are required. Latest discoveries from clinical research deliver significant information about approaches to stop and treat diabetes and some of the adversative properties of these interferences. Generation of satisfactory numbers of pancreatic endocrine cells that work in the same way as primary islets is of supreme prominence for the expansion of cell treatments to cure. In this study, we focused on different techniques starting from islet and pancreas transplantations individually and ending on new therapies such as stem cell technology and bioengineering. We aimed to establish a comprehensive and detailed explanation of treatment perspectives for islet cell loss. This review is carrying a novel potential for enlightening the current treatments and future-based therapiesGlikoz alımının metabolik oranı, genellikle adacık hücrelerini ve insüline duyarlı dokuları kapsayan bir geri bildirim mekanizması ile kontrol edilir. İnsülin varlığında β hücreleri insülin üretimini artırarak standart glikoz toleransını korurlar. βhücre disfonksiyonunda kalıtsal bileşenlerin etkileri yüksek olsa da, çevresel değişikliklerin de önemli bir rol oynadığı gösterilmiştir. Güncel araştırma yöntemleri, insülin direnci ve β-hücre disfonksiyonunun oluşmasında heksozların, amino asitlerin ve yağ asitlerinin etkilerinin varlığını göstermekle birlikte, hücre fonksiyonunun aşamalı kaybını yavaşlatmak için daha etkili tedavilerin gerekliliğini de göstermektedir. Klinik araştırmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar diyabetin durdurulması ve tedavi edilmesi ve bu müdahalelerin olumsuz özelliklerinden bazıları ile ilgili önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Birincil adacık hücreleri ile aynı şekilde çalışan pankreatik endokrin hücrelerinin yeterli sayıda üretilmesi, iyileştirilmesi için hücre tedavilerinin genişletilmesi büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu derlemede, adacık ve pankreas transplantasyonlarından başlayıp kök hücre teknolojisi ve biyomühendislik odaklı yeni tedavi tekniklerinin incelenmesine odaklandık. Adacık hücre kaybı için tedavi perspektiflerinin kapsamlı ve ayrıntılı bir açıklamasını yapmayı amaçladık. Dolayısıyla bu inceleme, mevcut tedavileri ve geleceğe dayalı tedavileri aydınlatmak için açıklayıcı bir potansiyel taşımaktadır