RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OTOLITH DIMENSIONS AND BODY GROWTH OF NORTH AFRICAN CATFISH Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) FROM THE UPPER BASIN OF THE SAKARYA RIVER, TURKEY

U radu su istraživani odnosi između veličine otolita i dužine tijela sjevernoafričkog soma Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) uzorkovanih iz vodotoka Sakaryabaşı (glavno područje izvora rijeke Sakarya) u razdoblju od srpnja do studenog 2014. godine. Također, izračunat je i dužinsko-maseni odnos za ukupan uzorak. Divlje ribe su ulovljene elektroribolovom koristeći elektroagregat SAMUS 725MP. Analizirano je ukupno 132 jedinke totalne dužine od 13,6 – 59,0 cm i mase raspona 15,9 - 1755,0 g. Svakoj ribi je zabilježena dužina i visina lagenarskog (asteriscus) otolita te dužina i širina utrikularnog (lapillus) otolita. Odnos između izmjerenih otolitnih vrijednosti i somatskog rastariba opisan je nelinearnom funkcijom. T test nije ukazao na značajne razlike u navedenim odnosima između lijevih i desnih otolita. ANCOVA test odnosa između totalne dužine i otolitnih varijabli nije ukazao na značajne razlike između ženki i mužjaka riba. Svi odnosi su bili visoko značajni, a prosječna pogreška predviđanja postotka bila je manja od 7%. Rezultati istraživanja su indicirali daotolitni rast odražava rast tijela.The relationships between otolith size and body length of North African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), collected from Sakaryabaşı (the main spring area of the Sakarya River) between July 2014 and November 2014, were examined. Length-weight relationship was also calculated for overall specimens. The wild fish were captured by electrofishing using SAMUS 725MP. A total of 132 individuals ranging from 13.6 to 59.0 cm in total length and from 15.9 to 1755.0 g in weight were sampled. The lagenar otolith (asteriscus) length and height, and the utricular otolith (lapillus) length and width were recorded for each fish. The relationships between otolith measurements and fish somatic growth were described by a non-linear function (power model). The t test revealed no considerable differences in these relationships between left and right otoliths. The ANCOVA test on the relationships between total length and otolith variables did not show significant differences between females and males. All relationships were highly significant and the mean percent prediction errors were less than 7%. The results showed that otolith growth reflected body growth

Lead Accumulations in Biotic and Abiotic Components of Emet Stream, Uluabat Lake Basin, Turkey

Abstract.-Emet Stream is one of Turkey's most important river systems. It is used for purposes such as irrigation water, industrial water supply, receiving environment for domestic and industrial wastes and fishing activities around the regions that the stream passes. The aim of this study is to determine the lead levels both in biotic (fish tissues) and abiotic (water and sediment) components of Emet Stream. Water, sediment and fish samples (Squalius cii, (Richardson, 1857); Capoeta tinca, (Heckel, 1843); Barbus oligolepis, Battalgil, 1941) were collected from eight stations (one of them is on the Kınık Stream and one of them is on the Dursunbey Stream) on the Emet Stream seasonally between the dates of November 2010 -August 2011. According to data, the lowest Pb concentrations of water and sediment were determined in E1 station (0.00307 mg/L and 10.48 mg/kg); the highest Pb concentrations were determined in E4 station for water (0.02503 mg/L) and in E8 station for sediment (48.53 mg/kg). Pb accumulations in biotic and abiotic components of Emet Stream were determined as sediment > fish tissues > water; the Pb accumulations in tissues of S. cii and B. oligolepis follows as, liver > kidney > gill > muscle; in tissues of C. tinca follows as, kidney > liver > gill > muscle respectively and it was also determined that biotic components of system were highly affected by the lead

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Nilüfer çayında Squalius cii (Richardson, 1857)'nin morfometrik ve meristik karakterlerinin belirlenmesi

Tatlı su kefali ülkemiz iç sularının önemli biyolojik elementlerinden biridir. S. cii Biga Penisula yarım adasına endemik bir türdür. Ülkemizde kuzeybatı Anadolu'da yayılış gösteren bu tür Nilüfer çayının bütün kollarında bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada S. cii'nin Nilüfer Çayı'nın iki ana kolundan elde edilen örneklerin meristik ve morfometrik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Morfometrik 25 meristik 7 karakter ölçülmüştür. Ölçülen bu karakterlerin standart boya oranlamaları kullanılarak PCA analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan PCA analizi sonucunda populasyonlarının bazı karakterler bakımından farklılık gösterdiği ve kısmen de olsa 2 grup oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu farklılıkları ortaya koyan 4 faktörün varyansı açıklama oranı %77,51 olarak bulunmuştur.Chubs is one of the most important biological elements of Turkey's inland waters. This species which spread northwest Anatolia in Turkey, found in all branches of the Nilufer Stream. S. cii is endemic species to Biga Peninsula. This study was conducted to compare meristic and morphometric features of S.cii were obtained from the two main tributaries in Nilufer Stream. Morphometrically, 25 phenotypic characters were studied, and meristically, 7 characters. PCA analysis is performed using the measurement characters, were regressed to a standart length. As a result of the PCA analysis of the populations which differ in some characters and partially form two groups were found. Demonstrating these differences, the variance of the rate of four factors 77.51 % was found

Uptake of Silver From Large Silver Deposits on Biotic and Abiotic Components of the Closest Lothic System: Felent Stream, Turkey

Abstract.-In the present study, water, sediment, diatom (epipelic), plant (Lemna trisulca), benthos (Gammarus sp. and Hirudo sp.) and fish samples (Alburnus escherichii and Gobio sakaryaensis) were collected from Felent Stream (closest lothic system to an important silver mine of Turkey) to determine the natural and anthropogenic effects. Cluster Analysis, Boxplot Deviation Diagrams and One Way ANOVA Test were applied to evaluate the data. Extreme silver contaminations were detected both in biotic and abiotic components of Köprüören Village. The highest silver level was recorded as 7.98 mg/kg in sediment of stream in spring season. Significant increases of silver levels were determined in spring and autumn seasons in water of entire basin. Silver bioaccumulations in tissues of A. escherichii and G. sakaryaensis followed the order: liver > gonad > gill > muscle. Significant differences were found in Gammarus sp. (0.026 -0.234 mg/kg) and L. trisulca (0.009 -0.206 mg/kg) collected from uncontaminated source of stream and Köprüören Village (contaminated) and in Hirudo sp. (under the detection limit -0.05 mg/kg) collected from source of stream and solid waste storage area. Also silver bioaccumulations in epipelic diatom frustules of Yoncalı Village (after discharge of mine) were significantly higher than uncontaminated stations (an average of 7 times). It was also found that solid waste disposal site of Kütahya Province was an important source of silver pollution whereas Enne Dam Lake was a significant barrier for silver accumulation and biomagnification downstream of basin

Uptake of Silver From Large Silver Deposits on Biotic and Abiotic Components of the Closest Lothic System: Felent Stream, Turkey

Abstract.-In the present study, water, sediment, diatom (epipelic), plant (Lemna trisulca), benthos (Gammarus sp. and Hirudo sp.) and fish samples (Alburnus escherichii and Gobio sakaryaensis) were collected from Felent Stream (closest lothic system to an important silver mine of Turkey) to determine the natural and anthropogenic effects. Cluster Analysis, Boxplot Deviation Diagrams and One Way ANOVA Test were applied to evaluate the data. Extreme silver contaminations were detected both in biotic and abiotic components of Köprüören Village. The highest silver level was recorded as 7.98 mg/kg in sediment of stream in spring season. Significant increases of silver levels were determined in spring and autumn seasons in water of entire basin. Silver bioaccumulations in tissues of A. escherichii and G. sakaryaensis followed the order: liver > gonad > gill > muscle. Significant differences were found in Gammarus sp. (0.026 -0.234 mg/kg) and L. trisulca (0.009 -0.206 mg/kg) collected from uncontaminated source of stream and Köprüören Village (contaminated) and in Hirudo sp. (under the detection limit -0.05 mg/kg) collected from source of stream and solid waste storage area. Also silver bioaccumulations in epipelic diatom frustules of Yoncalı Village (after discharge of mine) were significantly higher than uncontaminated stations (an average of 7 times). It was also found that solid waste disposal site of Kütahya Province was an important source of silver pollution whereas Enne Dam Lake was a significant barrier for silver accumulation and biomagnification downstream of basin

PORSUK ÇAYI YÜZEY SUYU KALİTESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Porsuk Çayı, Kütahya ve Eskişehir il sınırlarından geçerek Türkiye’nin önemli su potansiyellerinden biri olan Sakarya Nehri’ni besleyen önemli bir akarsudur. Özellikle, Eskişehir iline kadar olan kısmının kullanma suyu olarak değerlendirilmesi nedeni ile Porsuk Çayı’nın su kalitesinin belirlenmesi bölgede bulunan ekosistemlerin sağlığı açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Su örnekleri Porsuk Çayı üzerinde seçilen 13 istasyondan (Mayıs 2010- Şubat 2011) mevsimsel olarak toplanmış ve sıcaklık, pH, çözünmüş oksijen, tuzluluk, iletkenlik, amonyum nitrojen, nitrit nitrojen, nitrat nitrojen, sülfat, fosfat, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, toplam fosfor, toplam klor, kalsiyum, magnezyum, sodyum, potasyum parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen fizikokimyasal parametreler istasyonlar arasında istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmış ve Faktör Analizi kullanılarak etkili faktörler sınıflandırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, Past istatistik programı kullanılarak suda ölçülen parametrelere göre istasyonların benzerliğini belirlemek amacı ile kümeleme analizi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler uluslar arası ve ulusal su kalite kriterleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, yüzey suyu izleme çalışmaları hakkında daha iyi bilgi edinebilmek için Kümeleme Analizi (CA), Faktör Analizi (FA) ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (One-Way ANOVA) gibi istatistiksel tekniklerin kullanımı ve gerekliliğini göstermiştir

Water quality of Emet Stream Basin

Emet Çayı Havzası, Türkiye’nin en önemli nehir sistemlerinden biridir ve Emet Çayı Uluabat Gölü’nü (Ramsar Alanı) besleyen en önemli iki akarsudan biridir. Havzada yürütülen tarımsal ve endüstriyel faaliyetler ve evsel atıklar sistem üzerinde yoğun bir kirlilik baskısı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, biri Kınık Çayı üzerinde, biri Dursunbey Çayı üzerinde ve altısı Emet Çayı üzerinde olmak üzere Emet Çayı Havzası’nda belirlenen toplam sekiz istasyondan mevsimsel olarak su örnekleri toplanmıştır. Bölgenin su kalitesinin belirlenmesi için bazı limnolojik parametreler (nitrat azotu, nitrit azotu, amonyum azotu, sülfat, ortafosfat ve BOİ5) araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler istatistiki olarak değerlendirilmiş ve çeşitli ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından bildirilen limit değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, havzanın önemli miktarda organik kirliliğe maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir.Emet Stream Basin is one of Turkey's most important river systems and one of the two most important branches of Uluabat Lake (Ramsar Area). The system is under an intensive pressure of agricultural and industrial activities and domestic wastes. In this study, water samples were collected seasonally from eight stations (one of them is on the Kınık Stream, one of them is on the Dursunbey Stream and six of them on the Emet Stream) on the Emet Stream Basin. Some lymnological parameters (nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, sulfate, orthophosphate, and BOD5) were determined to evaluate the water quality. The data obtained were evaluated statistically and compared with the limit values reported by various national and international organizations. It was determined that, Emet Stream Basin is exposed to a significant organic pollution

Soft Palate Damage Due To Suicide Attempt by a Blank Cartridge Gun: A Case Report

Kişilerin kendini savunma gerekliliği için imal edilen ve zararsız olduğu düşünülen kurusıkı silahlar ilgili yasal kuralların bulunmaması nedeniyle erişkinler tarafından kolayca satın alınabilmektedir. Bu yazıda kliniğimize kurusıkı tabanca ile intihar girişimi sonrası ikinci günde sevk edilen erkek hastanın klinik bulguları ve uygulanan tedavi yöntemi sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak kurusıkı silahlar toplum tarafından zararsız olduğu düşünülse de, bu silahlara bağlı yaralanmalarda özellikle yakın mesafeden yapılan ateşlemelerde hayati tehdit edici hasarlara sebep olabileceği unutulmamalıdırBlank cartridge guns which are thought to be harmless and manufactured for self-defense requirements, can be easily purchased due to lack of legal regulations. Clinical findings and treatment approach of a male patient referred to our clinic on the second day after a suicide attempt by a blank firing gun is presented in this report. As a result; although they are believed to be harmless among the community, it shoud be kept in mind that damages related with this weapon can cause life-threatening injuries, especially firing at close rang