School Principals Views on Syrian Refugee Students’ Education in Turkey: Challenges and Recommendations

The aim of the present study was to identify the administrative problems that school principals face at schools in the city located in the east of Turkey with high Syrian student population and to provide suggestions for overcoming these problems. The city is a province in Turkey having the highest ratio of Syrian to Turkish population with 95.61 %. Therefore, the city is an important topic for the education and social integration of Syrian students. Based on the findings, it has been identified that school principals experience problems such as language and communication problems, crowded classrooms and environments, registration uncertainties, accordance between the parents (Turkish-Syrian), school culture, discipline and behavior. In addition, problems were also identified under headings such as financial resource insufficiency, personnel requirements and in-service training requirements. It has been emphasized that making courses more active, increasing the number of course hours for the targeted culture language will be more beneficial for overcoming the language issues. It has also been indicated that equal distribution of Syrian students to the schools and balancing the student ratio in the province through the use of transportation options if necessary will also be beneficial

Photonic crystal based sensing using band edge modulation

A photonic crystal based structure is proposed for sensing exceptionally small refractive index changes of a background medium. In a typical photonic crystal, we show that the band edges and the defect band(s) (if present) are very sensitive to the dielectric contrast. Hence, a propagating electromagnetic wave at a particular frequency gains significant phase shift due to the index changes. When the phase shift is measured interferometrically, it is possible to infer refractive index changes as small as 10⁻¹¹ per lattice distance. We have mainly concentrated on the band edge shifts of the two lowest bands of a square lattice of dielectric rods. Calculations reveal that an optimized design of 100x100 rods could be utilized to sense an index modulation of ten to the power minus thirteen per square roots Hertz with a modulation bandwidth of 1 Hz, which is approximately 10⁵ times better than the resolution of novel waveguide based sensor configurations. We also report that defect modes in photonic crystals are even better candidates to be adapted for sensing applications. A further resolution enhancement on the order of 10 could be achived due to the high sensitivity of the defect bands. We have performed proof of principle experiments in the microwave regime with a photonic crystal wave of 7x7 alumina rods placed in a gas chamber, whose inner pressure can be adjusted with a nitrogen tank. Obtaining the index modulations by changing the inner pressure, we witnessed that the experimental results are in very good argeement with the theory at the band adges

Collisional unfolding of quantum Darwinism

We examine the emergence of objectivity via quantum Darwinism through the use of a collision model, i.e. where the dynamics is modeled through sequences of unitary interactions between the system and the individual constituents of the environment, termed "ancillas". By exploiting versatility of this framework, we show that one can transition from a "Darwinistic" to an "encoding" environment by simply tuning their interaction. Furthermore we establish that in order for a setting to exhibit quantum Darwinism we require a mutual decoherence to occur between the system and environmental ancillas, thus showing that system decoherence alone is not sufficient. Finally, we demonstrate that the observation of quantum Darwinism is sensitive to a non-uniform system-environment interaction.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Close to published versio

Robust multipartite entanglement generation via a collision model

We examine a simple scheme to generate genuine multipartite entangled states across disjoint qubit registers. We employ a shuttle qubit that is sequentially coupled, in an energy preserving manner, to the constituents within each register through rounds of interactions. We establish that stable $W$-type entanglement can be generated among all qubits within the registers. Furthermore, we find that the entanglement is sensitive to how the shuttle is treated, showing that a significantly larger degree is achieved by performing projective measurements on it. Finally, we assess the resilience of this entanglement generation protocol to several types of noise and imperfections, showing that it is remarkably robust.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. Close to published versio